Thermal Stability of Cotton Cellulose Modified with Flame Retardants

2010 ◽  
Vol 152-153 ◽  
pp. 504-507
Author(s):  
Gui Fen Li
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Cotton Cellulose ◽  
Char Yield ◽  
Untreated Sample ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

The thermal stability of cotton cellulose treated with chemical mixtures containing P and N was studied by thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, char yield and limiting-oxygen-index (LOI). Our experiments demonstrated that the temperature and activation energy of pyrolysis were lower and the values of Char yield and LOI were greater for cotton cellulose treated with flame retardant than those for untreated sample.

Synthesis and Application of a Novel Intumescent Flame Retardant Containing Ferrocenyl

2014 ◽  
Vol 1033-1034 ◽  
pp. 931-936
Author(s):  
Cong Yan Chen ◽  
Rui Lan Fan ◽  
Guan Qun Yun
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Phosphate Groups

A novel intumescent flame retardant (IFR) containing ferrocene and caged bicyclic phosphate groups, 1-oxo-4-[4'-(ferrocene carboxylic acid phenyl ester)] amide-2, 6, 7-trioxa-1-phosphabicyclo- [2.2.2] octane (PFAM), was successfully synthesized. The synthesized PFAM were added to flammable polyurethane (PU) as flame retardants and smoke suppressants. The structure of PFAM was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and elemental analysis. Thermal stability of PFAM was tested by themogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results revealed that PFAM had good thermal stability and high char weight, the char weight up to 54% at 600 °C. Flammability properties of PU/PFAM composites were investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI) test and UL-94 test, respectively. The results of LOI tests showed that the addition of PFAM enhanced flame retardancy of PU. When the content of PFAM reaches to 3%, the LOI value is 22.2. The morphologies of the char for PU and PU/3% PFAM composite can be obtained after LOI testing were examined by SEM. The results demonstrated that PFAM could promote to form the compact and dense intumescent char layer. Experiments showed that, the PFAM application of polyurethane showed positive effect.

scholarly journals Synthesis, electrical properties, and kinetic thermal analysis of polyaniline/ polyvinyl alcohol - magnetite nanocomposites film

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huda AlFannakh ◽  
S. S. Arafat ◽  
S. S. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Electrical Hysteresis ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

AbstractPolyaniline-poly vinyl alcohol (PANI-PVA) conducting blends containing 15 wt% aniline were synthesized by in situ polymerization of aniline. Three-phase polymer blended nanocomposites with different contents of magnetite (5, 10 and 15 wt.%) were also synthesized. We measured the current-voltage (I-V) curves for the conducting blend and its magnetite nanocomposite. We also measured their thermal stability, and performed kinetic analysis through thermogravimetric analysis. We observed that the three phase nanocomposites showed enhanced electrical conductivity compared with that of the conductive blend, and no electrical hysteresis. The PVA/PANi blend was more stable above 350∘C and the addition of Fe3O4 enhanced the thermal stability of the conductive blend. The apparent activation energy of the three phase nanocomposites was greater than those of both the pure PVA and PVA/PANi samples. These results suggest that such three phase nanocomposites could be used in a range of applications.

Thermal Degradation of Flame Retardant Cotton Cellulose

2010 ◽  
Vol 168-170 ◽  
pp. 380-383
Author(s):  
Ming Gao ◽  
Fa Chao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index

Cellulose treated with flame retardant was studied by thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), limiting oxygen index (LOI) and IR. The kinetic parameters for the thermal degradation are obtained following the method of Broido. For the flame retardant cellulose, the activation energy and decomposition temperature were much decreased while char yield and LOI were increased. The main thermal decomposition of the samples with higher LOI occurs at lower temperatures, while that with lower LOI occurs at higher temperatures.

Thermal Stability of Poly (vinyl chloride) Formulations Containing Iron Additives as a Replacement for Antimony Oxide

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Howell BA ◽  
Daniel YG ◽  
Butwin FJ ◽  
Weil ED
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Antimony Oxide ◽  
Iron Compounds ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Poly (vinyl chloride) [PVC] is a widely used commodity polymer with particular application for wire and cable coating, and for pipe and profile extrusion. For processing, PVC must be heavily plasticized. In addition, a number of other additives are usually introduced to promote thermal stability, to enhance processability and to inhibit flammability. Antimony oxide is often used in PVC formulations. However, the growing concern about the negative health and environmental impacts of antimony oxide has stimulated efforts to find suitable replacements. Iron compounds have been examined as suitable replacements for antimony oxide. PVC formulations containing 45 phr of Pevalen plasticizer, 50 phr of magnesium hydroxide and 2 or 10 phr of an iron additive were processed using a two-roll mill at 180°C. The thermal degradation and flammability of these materials have been evaluated utilizing thermogravimetry (TGA) and limiting oxygen index (LOI) measurements. All of the iron additives are effective in increasing LOI for combustion of the blends and in promoting char formation. The impact of the presence of all the iron additives is comparable and independent of the oxidation level of iron. Based on considerations of cost and availability, simple iron oxide may be the additive of choice. Keywords: PVC additives; Antimony oxide replacements; Combustibility of formulated PVC; Impact of additives on the thermal stability of PVC;

A New Flame-Retardant Epoxy Composites Based on Silica and Metal Salt of Phosphinate

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 1461-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Qing Liu ◽  
Heng Zhou ◽  
Ji Yan Liu ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Shao Jun Cai
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Metal Salt ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Combustion Time ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Rice Husk Silica ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

The influence of silica on the mechanical properties, thermal stability and the flammability of epoxy (EP) blended with aluminum methylethylphosphinate (Al (MEP) has been studied by the limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results show that adding silica enhances the mechanical properties of EP/Al (MEP). Synergistic effects between Al (MEP) and silica are obtained leading to the increase of LOI and to the reduction of combustion time. The TGA data demonstrate that silica can enhance the thermal stability of the EP/Al (MEP) and increase the char residue formation at high temperature. When the rice husk silica is substituted for silica, the composite presents lower LOI, lower thermal stability and char formation as well as inferior mechanical strength. The SEM results indicate that rice husk silica based composite shows poorer fillermatrix adhesion, which will be responsible for its inferior mechanical properties, lower thermal stability and flammability.

Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancy of Polypropylene with Phosphorus, Nitrogen and Silicon-Containing Compounds

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 697-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Li ◽  
Pingkai Jiang ◽  
Zhanpai Su ◽  
Ping Wei
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Char Yield ◽  
Initial Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Thermal Stabilities ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Integral Procedure

Flame retardants containing phosphorus, nitrogen and silicone elements have been synthesized. The thermal stabilities of polypropylene (PP), PSiN and PP/PSiN have been studied by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis in nitrogen, air and oxygen atmospheres. The initial decomposition temperature (IDT), maximum-rate degradation temperature (Tmax), integral procedure decomposition temperature (IPDT) and char yield at 800 °C in various atmospheres have been investigated. Although the IDT of PP was reduced by the introduction of PSiN, the Tmax, IPDT and char yield were all increased. The flame retardancy of PP/PSiN composites were evaluated by measuring their Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) values. Their thermal stabilities agreed with the results of the flame retardancy tests: the PP/PSiN-A exhibited good flame retardancy with LOI of 26.0 and its char yields at 800 °C were 27 wt.% (in nitrogen), 12 wt.% (air) and 12 wt.% (in oxygen). The activation energies of PP, PSiN and PP/PSiN composites in various atmospheres were calculated using the method of Horowitz-Metzger.

Fire Retardant Cellulose Characterized by Thermal Degradation Behavior

2011 ◽  
Vol 197-198 ◽  
pp. 631-634
Author(s):  
Ming Gao ◽  
Yu Qing Yan
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Degradation Behavior ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Thermal Degradation Behavior

Cellulose treated with fire retardant was studied by thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and limiting oxygen index (LOI). The kinetic parameters for the thermal degradation are obtained following the method of Broido. For the fire retardant cellulose, the activation energy and decomposition temperature were much decreased while char yield and LOI were increased. The main thermal decomposition of the samples with higher LOI occurs at lower temperatures, while that with lower LOI occurs at higher temperatures.

Study of thermal stability of n-type skutterudites Sr0.07Ba0.07Yb0.07Co4Sb12 by differential thermal analysis and Knudsen effusion method

Calphad ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 102258
Author(s):  
František Zelenka ◽  
Jakub Strádal ◽  
Pavel Brož ◽  
Jan Vřešťál ◽  
Jiří Buršík ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Knudsen Effusion ◽  
Knudsen Effusion Method ◽  
Effusion Method ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Organic solvent-free synthesis of phosphorus-containing polymers

2007 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 1879-1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smaranda Iliescu ◽  
Gheorghe Ilia ◽  
Aurelia Pascariu ◽  
Adriana Popa ◽  
Nicoleta Plesu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Interfacial Polycondensation ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Solvent Free Synthesis ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Direct, efficient, organic solvent- and catalyst-free synthesis of a series of polyphosphates was accomplished. The reaction involved a gas-liquid interfacial polycondensation between arylphosphoric dichlorides and bisphenol A. The polyphosphates were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 31P NMR, inherent viscosity, thermal analysis, and molar mass. Yields in the range 70-90 % and inherent viscosities in the range 0.30-0.40 dl/g were obtained. The thermal stability of the polyphosphates was investigated by using thermogravimetry.

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