Quantification Methods for Construction Waste Generation at Construction Sites: A Review

2010 ◽  
Vol 163-167 ◽  
pp. 4564-4569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Firman Masudi ◽  
Che Rosmani Che Hassan ◽  
Noor Zalina Mahmood ◽  
Siti Nazziera Mokhtar ◽  
Nik Meriam Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Civil Infrastructure ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
User Friendly

Estimation of construction and demolition (C&D) waste amount is crucial for implementing waste minimization program. Estimation of C&D waste amount generated is a mean in assessing the potential for waste reduction. Thus, a better understanding of C&D waste generation in terms of causes and sources can be achieved. The aim of this paper is to conduct a review on available construction waste quantification methods from previous studies, which have been utilized in certain countries, while attempting to choose the most suitable and applicable method, and to direct future studies for better quantification methods. This review is applicable only for building construction projects and did not include civil/infrastructure, demolition, renovation, and excavation projects. Six quantification methods and/or waste audit tool available from literatures are discussed, which include their limitation and future direction for this study. It is believed that some combination of these quantification methods could make a good impact in accurate numerical estimation of construction waste amount generated in building construction projects. A strong and accurate database as presented by Soliz-Guzman, combined with effective, vital, and resourceful estimation suggested by Jalali’s Global Index (GI), also with the aid of user-friendly software tool like the SMARTAudit could provide an effective and reliable waste quantification.

An empirical study on waste generation rates at different stages of construction projects in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-443
Author(s):  
Qiankun Wang ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Ruibo Hu ◽  
Zhigang Ren ◽  
Yanting He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Generation Rate ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Waste Generation Rate

Estimation of construction waste generation is critical to construction waste management decisions. However, current construction waste estimation methods have various limitations (e.g. small samples). To address those limitations, this research conducts an empirical study to evaluate the waste generation rate of different types of waste at different construction stages. In this study, construction waste from 148 new-built residential construction sites in China were sorted and weighted on site and their waste generation rates were estimated separately. The results indicated that the amount of inorganic nonmetallic waste with a generation rate of 16.59 kg m−2 was the highest among the five types of waste (i.e. inorganic nonmetallic waste, organic waste, metallic waste, composite waste, hazardous waste), while the waste generation rate for the underground construction stage, which was 27.57 kg m−2, was the highest among the three stages (i.e. underground stage, superstructure stage, finishing stage). Compared with previous data, the new waste generation rate proposed in this research can better estimate the actual waste generation situation in construction sites, which provides reliable information for proper decision-making. Furthermore, based on the result of the empirical study, some recommendations for construction waste reduction are proposed.

scholarly journals Strategies for Effective Waste Reduction and Management of Building Construction Projects in Highly Urbanized Cities—A Case Study of Hong Kong

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Ann T. W. Yu ◽  
Irene Wong ◽  
Zezhou Wu ◽  
Chi-Sun Poon
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Waste Management Practices

Hong Kong is a densely populated city with high-rise developments, and as in other metropolitan cities, the amount of waste generated from construction projects in the city is increasing annually. The capacity of existing landfills is expected to be saturated by the 2020s. Construction waste management has been implemented for years but the performance is still not satisfactory. The aim of this research paper is to explore and formulate strategies and measures for effective construction waste management and reduction in highly urbanized cities such as Hong Kong. A desktop study on construction waste management practices was carried out for a preliminary understanding of the current situation in Hong Kong. Semistructured interviews and focus group meetings were further conducted to shed light on how to improve construction waste reduction and management in Hong Kong. The main contributions of this research study are the potential short-term, medium-term, and long-term strategies, which are related to the design stage, tender stage, construction stage, and government support. The five major strategies recommended are financial benefits to stakeholders, public policies in facilitating waste sorting, government supports for the green building industry, development of a mature recycling market, and education and research in construction waste minimization and management.

scholarly journals Assessment of Lean Construction Practice at Selected Construction Sites in Klang Valley

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.35) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Mohammed Elhaj Alsoufi Mohammed Ahmed ◽  
Leong Sing Wong
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Lean Construction ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Klang Valley

Lean construction is known to reduce costs, improve profit or increase competitiveness, increase business opportunity and customer base, improve health and safety, improve quality, yield higher employee salaries, shorten production timescales and increase customer satisfaction. With little attention on research of lean construction in Malaysia, it remains a problem of non-standardization in waste elimination strategies thereby sub optimizing waste management in Malaysian construction projects. The objective of this paper is to evaluate lean construction techniques and measure the feasibility in term of their applicability for construction at selected sites in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The study is novel and significant in a sense that it can help to develop reliable management strategies for implementing lean construction technologies at the construction sites. Case studies were carried out as a strategic method and comprehensive survey that covers both questionnaire and interview were adopted as a method of data collection. Likert scale 1 to 5 was used in the written questionnaire with workers in order to assess the level of awareness and acceptance on the need of lean construction techniques for eight construction sites in various places and with various categories (infrastructure and building construction projects) in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Later, semi structural interview was conducted with expert judgment to justify the factors which affect the implementation of lean construction at the construction sites. From the study outcome, it was discovered that both Total Quality Management (TQM) and Industrialized Building System (IBS) were rated by the respondents to be highly effective in both infrastructure and building construction projects.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Third-Party Loss in Building Construction Sites Utilizing Claims Payouts: A Case Study in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 10153
Author(s):  
Ji-Myong Kim ◽  
Kag-Cheon Ha ◽  
Sungjin Ahn ◽  
Seunghyun Son ◽  
Kiyoung Son
Keyword(s):  
Construction Management ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third Party

This study aims to quantify the losses to third-parties on construction sites by determining the loss indicators and identifying the relationship between the losses and the indicators to improve the sustainability on building construction sites. The growing size and intricacy of recent construction projects have resulted in the growth of losses, both in quantity and frequency. Notably, third-party losses are rapidly increasing owing to the urbanization of the environment and increases in construction scale. Therefore, for efficient and sustainable construction management, a financial loss assessment model is essential to mitigate and manage such loss. This study uses the third-party losses on construction sites obtained from a major South Korean insurance company to describe the difference from the material losses and to disclose the loss indicators based on actual economic losses. ANOVA analysis and multiple regression analysis are adopted to identify the variance and define the loss indicators and to make prediction models, respectively. Several groups of loss indicators are investigated, including construction information and the occurrence of natural disasters. The findings and results of this research afford an essential guide to sustainable construction management, and they can serve as a first stage loss assessment model for construction projects.

scholarly journals Exploring Types of Waste Generated: A Study of Construction Industry of Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 05011
Author(s):  
Muhammad Akram Akhund ◽  
Aftab Hameed Memon ◽  
Nafees Ahmed Memon ◽  
Tauha Hussain Ali ◽  
Ali Raza khoso
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Importance Index ◽  
Negative Impacts

The construction sector is responsible for providing fundamental physical structure required for living and survival of human life. Increased development works have led in resulting the massive amount of waste generation in developing countries. Due to poor management system on sites, it has become more crucial and exerts several negative impacts on society and the environment. This Unused waste material has a negative impact on the ecosystem and needs a considerable amount of money for recycling, reusing and disposal of the waste. Like other developing countries Pakistan is spending a significant portion of its GDP on handling construction waste. Among the several other factors, the key contributes are highlighted in this study. This study is exploratory work investigating the types of construction waste generated on site and their relative impact of the project cost in construction projects of Pakistan. Through questionnaire the opinion of clients, consultant and constructor have been taken to identify the major types of waste having more impacts on cost and time. Through Average index, severity index and importance index, the probability of occurrence of waste through different materials, severity level of waste production by these materials, and the overall effect of all waste generating materials have been found respectively. Among the materials sand, concrete, tile is the most common materials, which are responsible for a waste generation while time and cost are the two most common non-physical waste generating factors.

Factors that Contribute to the Generation of Construction Waste at Sites

2010 ◽  
Vol 163-167 ◽  
pp. 4501-4507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Nazziera Mokhtar ◽  
Noor Zalina Mahmood ◽  
Che Rosmani Che Hassan ◽  
Ahmad Firman Masudi ◽  
Nik Meriam Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Technical Problem ◽  
Waste Minimization ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Waste Index ◽  
Area Of Concern

Construction industry in Malaysia is growing rapidly with high demand due to vast development and urbanization. Therefore, many commercial and residential buildings are being developed. The increasing number of construction projects in Malaysia will indirectly contribute to the increase of construction waste generation. Thus, waste minimization is an important area of concern in the implementation of the construction waste management in the construction industry of Malaysia. Data collection and observations was conducted at three construction sites which adopt different type of method with different type of building and size of project in Klang Valley. The calculation of the construction waste index generated at these sites is adopted from Poon et al., (2001). Result showed that construction method, size of projects (GFA), type of building, storage method system, human error and technical problem can affect the amount of waste index (debris) and amount of wastage level generated at construction sites. Therefore waste index and wastage level can be used as operational an indicator for waste minimization of the construction activities.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Construction Waste Generation Rate Based on Different Construction Methods on Construction Project in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 3488-3491 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Maniam ◽  
S. Nagapan ◽  
A. H. Abdullah ◽  
S. Subramaniam ◽  
S. Sohu
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Construction Method ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Generation Rate ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
A Value ◽  
Waste Generation Rate

High construction waste (CW) generation in Malaysia has serious impacts although there are very little available data regarding the relevant issue in Malaysia. This lack of data results in improper CW management and CW disposal without proper control measures. To control the implications of CW, it is very important to understand their quantity which is currently unknown. Past researches in Malaysia, found that CW generation was affected by construction methods (CMs) practiced on site. The aim of this study is to compare the CW generation rate between different CMs for on-going construction projects in Malaysia. Common CMs practiced in Malaysia are conventional construction method (CCM), mixed construction method (MCM) and industrialized building system (IBS). To obtain CW generation data, site visit (SV) method, which consists of direct measurement (DM) and indirect measurement (IM) is applied to this study. CCM was recorded to have the highest amount of waste (197.657 tons). IBS method records 77.188 tons and MCM 53.191 tons. Regarding the average waste generation rate (AWGR), IBS recorded a value of 0.018 tons per square meter, while MCM recorded 0.030 tons per square meter and CCM recorded the highest amount of 0.046 tons per square meter.

scholarly journals Preliminary Survey on the Crucial Root Causes of Material Waste Generation in Malaysian Construction Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 3580-3584
Author(s):  
S. Nagapan ◽  
S. Kaliannan ◽  
A. H. Abdullah ◽  
S. Sohu ◽  
R. Deraman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Ecological Effect ◽  
Site Management ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Construction Period ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Score Analysis ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Construction waste generation has been perceived as a crucial issue that has critical consequences on the project effectiveness and ecological effect of the construction industry. The key objective of the current research is to identify the root causes of material construction waste generation in Malaysia. A well-structured questionnaire was designed based on the 52 identified root causes of material waste generation. The developed questionnaire was distributed to 35 highly experienced in Malaysian construction industry experts. The collected data was analyzed by the use of mean score analysis. The top identified root causes are poor supervision during the construction stage, lack of efficient site management, last minute changes, cutting uneconomical sizes of materials, and constant design changes during the construction period. The initial findings will aid construction practitioners to focus on these root causes in order to reduce the material construction waste generation at construction sites.

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