Evaluative Criteria of Apparel Product by Chinese Woman Consumers’ Socio-Economic Variables

2011 ◽  
Vol 175-176 ◽  
pp. 1070-1076
Author(s):  
Jae Ok Park ◽  
Kang Mi Bae ◽  
Ye Lan Nam
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
External Criterion ◽  
Female Consumers ◽  
Brand Reputation ◽  
Evaluative Criteria ◽  
Color Harmony ◽  
Total Household Income ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
Apparel Product

The purpose of this study is to find out difference in the evaluative criteria of apparel product according to the socio-economical variables of Chinese female consumers. The subjects of the research were some women in their 20s-50s who were residing in Beijing, China. A total of 312 questionnaires were used for final analyses. Socio-economic variables were measured upon being classified into educational background, occupation and total household income. And the evaluative criteria of apparel product were classified into internal criteria and external criteria. Compared to consumers with low education background, consumers with high educational background placed more weight on both internal criteria (the style and color of apparel product, harmony with wearer, material, sewing quality, convenience of washing and maintenance, fitness, size and wearing comfort) and external criteria (brand reputation, price, harmony with other clothes, personality expression, suitability for situation, suitability for age and social position, and reputation about product by people around). The Chinese female consumers whose occupation was student placed more weight on the following internal criteria: style, color, harmony with the wearer, durability, convenience of washing and maintenance, fitness, size and wearing comfort. They also placed weight on the following internal criteria: suitability for age and social position. Those whose occupation was salesperson/desk worker placed more weight on the internal criterion of style. Especially, those whose occupation was desk worker placed more weight on both the internal criteria of style and fitness and the external criterion of brand reputation compared to the consumers of the other occupation groups. And compared to the Chinese female consumers of the group with lower total household income, those of the group with higher total household income placed more weight on the following internal criteria: style, color, harmony with the wearer, material, sewing quality, convenience of washing and maintenance, fitness, size, and wearing comfort. They also placed more weight on the external criterion of country of origin.

Purchasing Motives of Clothing Product by Chinese Woman Consumers’ Socio-Economic Variables

2011 ◽  
Vol 175-176 ◽  
pp. 1059-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Ok Park ◽  
Kang Mi Bae ◽  
Ye Lan Nam
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Impulse Buying ◽  
Sales Promotions ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
Clothing Design ◽  
Total Household Income ◽  
Socio Economic Variables

The purpose of this study is to investigate difference in the purchasing motives of clothing product according to the socio-economic variables of Chinese women consumers. The subjects of the research were women in their 20s-50s who were residing in Beijing, China. A total of 312 questionnaires were used for final analyses. Socio-economic variables were measured upon being classified into educational background, occupation and total household income. Purchasing motives of clothing product were classified into ‘clothing design and seasonal adaption motive,’ ‘personality and fashion consciousness motive,’ ‘impulse buying motive,’ ‘influence from others motive,’ ‘economic factor motive,’ ‘advertisements and sales promotions motive,’ ‘own ostentation motive,’ and ‘clothing utilitarian motive.’ The consumers with high educational background was found to have high ‘clothing design and seasonal adaption motive,’ such as ‘Because design is attractive’; high ‘impulse buying motive,’ such as ‘Because attractive clothes have been found’; high ‘own ostentation motive,’ such as ‘To show off economic affordability’; and high ‘clothing utilitarian motive,’ such as ‘Because it can easily make a harmony in any place.’ Students showed high ‘clothing design and seasonal adaption motive,’ such as ‘Because design is attractive’; high ‘impulse buying motive,’ such as ‘Because attractive clothes have been found’; high ‘economic factor motive,’ such as ‘To purchase at low price during the term of discount; and high ‘clothing utilitarian motive,’ such as ‘Because it can easily make a harmony in any place.’ The consumers whose occupation was production worker showed the highest ‘advertisements and sales promotions motive,’ such as ‘Because free gift offered along with clothing is good’; and also the highest ‘clothing utilitarian motive,’ such as ‘Because it looks durable’; but the lowest ‘clothing design and seasonal adaption motive,’ such as ‘Because it makes a good harmony with own image and atmosphere’. Those whose occupation was desk worker/professional worker/technical worker showed the highest ‘advertisements and sales promotions motive,’ such as ‘After having seen advertisement delivered by mail’; and also the highest ‘own ostentation motive,‘ such as ‘To show off economic affordability.’ The consumers with high total household income showed high ‘influence from others motive,’ such as ‘Because of the recommendation by salesperson’; high ‘advertisements and sales promotions motive,’ such as ‘After having seen advertisement delivered by mail’; and also high ‘own ostentation motive,’ such as ‘To show off economic affordability.’

scholarly journals Forest Cover Change, Households’ Livelihoods, Trade-Offs, and Constraints Associated with Plantation Forests in Poor Upland-Rural Landscapes: Evidence from North Central Vietnam

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quy Van Khuc ◽  
Tuyet-Anh T. Le ◽  
Trung H. Nguyen ◽  
Duy Nong ◽  
Bao Quang Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Shifting Cultivation ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
North Central ◽  
Rural Landscapes ◽  
Plantation Forests ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Central Vietnam ◽  
Total Household Income

Vietnam’s forests have experienced a notable transformation over the past 20 years from net deforestation to reforestation and expanding forests. Continued reforestation that aims to achieve further economic and environmental benefits remains a national priority and strategy. We explore the current status of plantation forests and highlight possible means to facilitate their expansion in the uplands of Vietnam. We employ mixed method triangulation to empirically explore plantation forests and their economic role in household livelihood, to quantify trade-offs between plantation forests and shifting cultivation, and to assess the constraints on plantation forest expansion in Nghe An province, north-central Vietnam. Results show that forest in the study area expanded by 406,000 ha (71.1%) between 1990 and 2016. Plantation forests increased by nearly 500% (from 32,000 ha to 190,000 ha), while natural forests expanded by 48.1% (from 538,000 ha to 797,000 ha). Plantation forests contributed an average of 35.1 percent of total household income in wealthier households and 27.9 percent of income in poor households. Switching from shifting cultivation to plantation forests would increase total household income and average carbon stock but decrease food provision. Total Economic Value would be higher for plantation forest scenarios if increased carbon stocks in plantations can be monetized. This carbon income might drive conversion of shifting cultivation to plantation forests. Constraints on further expansion of plantation forest are low external cooperation, education, market stability, and agroforestry extension services. Our empirical results inform national plantation forest development, sustainable upland livelihood development, and climate change mitigation programs to ultimately facilitate forest transition and improve the resilience and sustainability of socio-ecological systems.

scholarly journals Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja Panen Kelapa Sawit Di Kebun Batee Puteh PT. Agro Sinergi Nusantara

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-194
Author(s):  
Arham Arham ◽  
Edy Marsudi ◽  
Azhar Azhar
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Total Income ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Total Household Income

Abstrak. Produktivitas tenaga kerja memegang peranan penting pada perusahaan kelapa sawit,penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar jumlah tanggungan keluarga,pendapatan total rumah tangga, premi, umur dan pengalaman mempengaruhi produktivitastenaga kerja panen kelapa sawit di Kebun Batee Puteh PT. Agro Sinergi Nusantara (ASN).Penarikan sampel dilakukan dengan metode proportional random sampling dari 7 afdeling diKebun Batee Puteh PT. ASN dengan jumlah populasi 157 orang diambil 20% per afdeling jaditotal sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 32 orang. Teknik analisis yang digunakan padapenelitian ini adalah analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan secara parsialjumlah tanggungan keluarga, pendapatan total rumah tangga dan premi berpengaruh secarasignifikan terhadap prosuktivitas tenaga kerja panen kelapa sawit di Kebun Batee Puteh PT.ASN.Kata Kunci : Produktivitas tenaga kerja, jumlah tanggungan keluarga, pendapatan total rumahtangga, premi, umur, pengalaman.Abstract. Labor productivity plays an important role in palm oil companies, this study aims tofind out how big the number of family dependents, total household income, premiums, age andexperience affect the productivity of palm oil harvest work in Kebun Batee Puteh PT. AgroSinergi Nusantara (ASN). Method that used to take sample is proportional random samplingmethod from 7 afdeling at Kebun Batee Puteh PT. ASN with a population of 157 people taken20% each afdeling so the total sample in this study 32 people. The analysis technique used inthis research is multiple regression analysis. The results showed partially the number of familydependents, the total income of households and premiums significantly influence theprocurement of labor harvest of palm oil in Kebun Batee Puteh PT. ASN.

scholarly journals Kontribusi Pendapatan Usahatani Jeruk Siam terhadap Pendapatan Rumah Tangga Petani di Desa Tegalsari, Kecamatan Tegalsari, Kabupaten Banyuwangi

2018 ◽  
pp. 552
Author(s):  
RIA FLORA JANUWA PUTRI ◽  
I DEWA GEDE AGUNG ◽  
PUTU UDAYANI WIJAYANTI
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
The Public ◽  
Total Household Income ◽  
The Many

Contribution of Tangerine Farming Revenue in Relation with the Total Household Income of Farmers in the Tegalsari Village, Tegalsari District,Banyuwangi Regency Tangerine, or also known as jeruk keprok in Bahasa, is one of the many species of citrus fruit which has been widely cultivated in various regions in Indonesia. Although its market fluctuate from time to time, but the public interest in tangerine never disappeared.This study aims to determine the contribution of tangerine farming revenue in relation with the total household income of the farmers in the Komojoyo Farmer Group. The results of this research obtained that the average tangerine farming revenue is Rp 35,000,000 per year while the average of non-farming revenue is amounted to Rp. 8,761,304 per year. It proved that citrus farm revenue is greater than non-farm revenue. There are constraints faced by Komojoyo Farmer Group, namely, the aphid pest, the lack of guidance from agricultural counselor, and sales methods are still using the services of middlemen. It can be evidenced from the percentages obtained: the pest was 11%, guidance from agricultural counselor at 65%, and sales of middlemen by 24%. From these percentages, it can be seen that the biggest obstacle faced by Komojoyo farmer group is the lack of guidance from agricultural counselor.

Financial performance of small farm business households: the role of internet

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya R. Khanal ◽  
Ashok K. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Small Farm ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Total Household Income ◽  
Farm Business ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of internet usage on financial performance of small farm business households in the USA. In particular, the authors want to assess the impact of internet usage on small farm businesses, where the owner’s main occupation is farming. Using a nationwide farm-level data in the USA and a non-parametric matching estimator, the study finds a significant positive impact of internet usage on gross cash income, total household income, off-farm income. The study further suggests that small farm businesses receive benefits from internet usage as it facilitates reduction in income risk through off-farm income sources, as well as a reduction in marketing and storage costs; households’ non-farm transportation and vehicle leasing expenses. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the authors use the “nearest neighbors” matching method in treatment evaluation, developed by Abadie and Imbens (2002). In this method, a weighting index is applied to all observations and “nearest neighbors” are identified (Abadie et al., 2004). Although matching estimation through the nearest neighbor method does not require probit or logit model estimation per se, the authors have estimated a probit model because it allows the authors to check the balancing property and to analyze the association of included variables with the likelihood of internet use. Findings The study suggests that small farm business households using the internet are better off in terms of total household income and off-farm income. As compared to the control group (which is counterfactual, representation of small farm businesses not using the internet), small farm businesses using the internet earn about $24,000-$26,000 more in total household income and about $27,000-$28,000 more in off-farm income. Also, small farm businesses using the internet earn about $4,100-$4,900 more in gross cash farm income compared to their counterpart. The estimate of ATT for NFI is not different from zero. However, gross cash farm revenue increased significantly. Practical implications To this end internet can provide an important role in information gathering. Internet is one of the convenient means to access and exchange information. Information and communication facilitation through internet have opened up new areas of commerce, social networking, information gathering, and recreational activities beyond a geographical bound. Producers and consumers can take advantages of internet in both collaborative and competitive aspects in economic activities as it can reduce the information asymmetries among economic agents. Social implications Farmers will seek assistance in interpreting data and applying information to their farming operations, via the internet. Therefore, it is essential that land grant universities continue to improve the delivery of electronic extension and provide information in a clear and concise manner. Originality/value Studies in farm households have mainly investigated factors influencing internet adoption, purchasing patterns through internet, internet use, and applications. In most cases, impact analyses of communication and information technologies such as internet in agricultural businesses are discussed with references to large scale farm businesses. Thus, the authors know very little about access to the internet when it comes to small farm businesses and small farm households and about how it impacts well-being of small farm households.

EFFECT OF TOTAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME ON TRANSPORT MOBILITY OF THE POPULATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 266-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Рыжова ◽  
A. Ryzhova ◽  
Дьячкова ◽  
O. Djachkova ◽  
Володькин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Total Family Income ◽  
Total Household Income ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Transport Mobility

The article is the results of the study population according to the choice of mode of transport on the level of total family income

scholarly journals KONTRIBUSI USAHATANI CENGKEH TERHADAP PENDAPATAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI DI DESA RAANAN BARU 2, KECAMATAN MOTOLING BARAT

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3A) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Gogen Klif N. Kumaat ◽  
Theodora M. Katiandagho ◽  
Mex L. Sondakh
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Total Household Income ◽  
Farming Families

This study aims to find out how much farm income clove and clove farming contribution to total household income of farmers in the New Raanan 2 Village. The study was conducted from March to June 2015. Samples size was 30 respondents using purposive sampling method. Results from this study indicate clove farm income is a source of income which contributes most of all sources of income of farming families. However, in terms of farm income cloves there are several indicators that show the need for increased production and expenditure savings, given harvest once a year and selling prices are volatile. Farmers need to maintain the indicators that have been rated excellent for this, such as vacant devote time to other farms and use clove farm income to education, such as sending children to school.

scholarly journals Palm sugar business management and its contribution towards household revenues in Lebak District, Banten

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Astuti ◽  
RM Sari ◽  
A Mulyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Business Management ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Total Expenditure ◽  
Total Income ◽  
Total Household Income ◽  
Palm Sugar ◽  
Food Expenditure

This study aims to identify palm sugar business characteristic, to analyzethe allocation of labor and household revenue of palm sugar craftsmen and to analyzethe contribution of palm sugar income to the craftsmen household in Lebak Regency.The research data used were primary data and secondary data which were processeddescriptively and quantitatively. Sampling was carried out randomly (simple randomsampling) in five sub-districts of palm sugar centers in Lebak Regency. The resultsshowed that the average palm sugar craftsman allocated his time of 6.66 hours per dayto produce palm sugar. The allocation of labor is distributed in several stages of theproduction process including tapping, cooking, stirring, printing and drying. As muchas 77.14% of the total household income of palm sugar craftsmen comes from thepalm sugar business. Other income is obtained from farming other commodities andtrading. Total income is allocated for food expenditure, non-food expenditure andsavings. Expenditures on food account for 60% of total expenditure, while non-foodexpenditures are 32 percent and savings are 8 percent.

scholarly journals Catastrophic costs of Tuberculosis care in a population with internal migrants in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Jiang ◽  
Liping Lu ◽  
Jianjun Hong ◽  
Xiaoping Jin ◽  
Qian Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Internal Migrant ◽  
Total Household Income ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Internal Migrants ◽  
Treatment Package

Abstract Background Although a free diagnosis and baseline treatment package was offered for tuberculosis (TB), hidden costs incurred by patients and their households could worsen their socio-economic and health status, particularly for migrants. We estimated the prevalence of catastrophic cost of TB patients and its associated factors in an urban population with internal migrants in China. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted to enroll culture-confirmed pulmonary TB patients in Songjiang district, Shanghai, between December 1, 2014, and December 31, 2015. Consenting participants completed a questionnaire, which collected direct and indirect costs before and after the diagnosis of TB. The catastrophic cost was defined as the annual expenses of TB care that exceeds 20% of total household income. We used logistic regression to identify factors associated with catastrophic costs. Results Overall, 248 drug-susceptible TB patients were enrolled, with 70% (174 of 248) of them being internal migrants. Migrant patients were significantly younger compared to resident patients. The total costs were 25,824 ($3,689) and 13,816 ($1,974) Chinese Yuan (RMB) for resident and internal migrant patients, respectively. The direct medical cost comprised about 70% of the total costs among both migrant and resident patients. Overall, 55% (132 of 248) of patients experienced high expenses ( > 10% of total household income), and 22% (55 of 248) experienced defined catastrophic costs. However, the reimbursement for TB care only reduced the prevalence of catastrophic costs to 20% (49 of 248). More than half of the internal migrants had no available health insurance (52%, 90 of 174). Hospitalizations, no available insurance, and older age contributed significantly to the occurrence of catastrophic costs. Conclusions. The catastrophic cost of TB service cannot be overlooked, despite the free policy. Migrants have difficulties benefiting from health insurance in urban cities. Interventions, including expanded medical financial assistance, are needed to secure universal TB care.

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