Microwave Assisted Carbothermal Reduction Synthesis of Nano-Sized LiFePO4/C

2011 ◽  
Vol 197-198 ◽  
pp. 1139-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Lin Jia ◽  
Mei Pin Ma ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Li Tian ◽  
Xiao Peng Mo
Keyword(s):  
Carbothermal Reduction ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Diffraction Field ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Particle Sizer ◽  
Average Size

LiFePO4/C nano-particles were synthesized by microwave assisted carbothermal reduction method, using LiOH•H2O,FePO4•2H2O and sucrose as raw materials. LiFePO4/C samples with different particle sizes were prepared by heating at different temperatures in an industrial microwave oven. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, laser particle sizer analysis and electrochemical performance test. The results showed that the average size of samples is about 100 to 300 nm. The first discharge capacity decreased with the increase of temperature. The LiFePO4/C particles prepared at temperature of 700°С for 15 min exhibited the best capacity of 156.9mAh/g at 0.2C rate, and had just ~6% capacity loss after 50th cycles.

Synthesis and Characterization of Antimony Doped Tin Oxide Conductive Nanoparticles by Alkoxide Hydrolysis Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 702 ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Liang Zhu ◽  
Yan Shuang Meng
Keyword(s):  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Volume Resistivity ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrolysis Method ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Average Size

Antimony doped tin oxide (ATO) conductive nano-particles are synthesised by alkoxide hydrolysis method using SnCl4•5H2O and SbCl3 as raw materials. The optimum parameters are determined as: Sb3+ doped molar concentration 15%, reaction temperature 60°C and roasting temperature 600°C. Under optimum conditions, the synthesised nano-particles are characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). XRD results show that all Sb ions came into the SnO2 lattice to substitute Sn ions. The image of TEM shows the ATO conductive nano-particles average size is 5 nm. Volume resistivity lowest value of ATO nano-particles is 141 Ω•cm.

Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis of ZnFe2O4/TiO2 Composite and Photocatalytic Properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 788 ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
Pavels Rodionovs ◽  
Jānis Grabis ◽  
Aija Krūmiņa
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Mass Loading ◽  
Spherical Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Prepared Nanostructures

In order to improve TiO2 photocatalytic activity ZnFe2O4/TiO2 nanocomposites with different ZnFe2O4 mass loading were produced. Obtained ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles were coupled with TiO2 via microwave-assisted hydrothermal method in order to improve photon absorption in a range of visible light. Prepared nanostructures were characterized with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Photocatalytic activity of prepared samples was investigated by degradation of methylene blue under different light sources – LED, Hg and Osram Vitalux lamps. ZnFe2O4 consists of spherical nanoparticles with average size of 15 nm. TiO2 spherical nanoparticles size is in a range of 30÷45 nm. The results show that doping TiO2 with ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles increases photocatalytic activity. Photocatalytic activity increases as mass loading of ZnFe2O4 decreases.

Synthesis and Characterization of Nanometer Copper Ferrite by Auto-Combustion

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 3472-3476
Author(s):  
Guang Xiu Cao ◽  
Tian Liu ◽  
Qing Hong Zhang ◽  
Hong Zhi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Copper Nitrate ◽  
Copper Ferrite ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Auto Combustion ◽  
Average Size

A simple method for preparing nanoscale copper ferrite particles with narrow distribution and uniform size was developed by auto-combusting the precursor using copper nitrate, iron nitrate, and malic acid as raw materials. The constituents and the thermal decomposition process of the precursor were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thermogravimetry-differental thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the carboxyl and nitrate ion take part in the reaction during the auto-combustion process. The precursor decomposed completely at about 199 °C, to yield single phase product. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that the average size of the as-burnt sample was about 90 nm.

The Effect of Alcoholic Reducing Agent on Morphology and Structure of VO2 (B) Nano-Particles

2011 ◽  
Vol 306-307 ◽  
pp. 1225-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Qi ◽  
Chen Niu
Keyword(s):  
Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Reduction ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structure And Morphology ◽  
Morphology And Structure ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Scanning Electron

Vanadium dioxides (VO2) is synthesized by hydrothermal method. In this process,V2O5 powder is used as raw materials,cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) is used as template and different alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol are used as reductants. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to test the properties of VO2 nanoparticles. The results show that VO2(B) nano-particles were succsessfully synthesized under the conditions of thermal reduction temperature 180°C, reaction time 24h and drying temperature 60°C. The variety of alcoholic reducing agents plays an important role in the structure and morphology of the product VO2(B), which relates closly to the electric properties of materials.

Fabrication and Material Analysis of Zinc Oxide Nanorods Grown on Gallium Nitride Substrate

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Yi Yu ◽  
Yi Cian Chen ◽  
Wang Ting Chiu ◽  
Yang Luo ◽  
Sheng Shin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Au Nanoparticles ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanorods ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Thermal Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oxide Nanorods ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Multiple Material

In this study, we address process how the ZnO nanorods were deposited on GaN substrates with spin-coating by using the hydro-thermal methods. After ZnO was spin coated, the samples were annealed with different temperatures to incorporate with Au nano particles. Multiple material analyses, such as the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were carried out to characterize the Au nanoparticles/ZnO nanorods/GaN nanocomposites.

Preparation and Characterization of Nanocrystalline La2Ti2O7 by Microwave Assisted Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 852 ◽  
pp. 525-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhou ◽  
Zhi Yong Mei ◽  
Hai Shao Ye ◽  
Wen Wen Su ◽  
Xi Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
High Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Ft Ir

Using La (NO3)3·6H2O, TiCl4 , and citric acid as the main raw materials, nanocrystalline La2Ti2O7 samples were prepared by microwave assisted method. The structure and morphology of samples were characterized by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of La2Ti2O7 was studied for methyl orange (MO) used as simulated sewage. It was found that the single phase La2Ti2O7 could be obtained through the calcination of microwave processed La2Ti2O7 precursors at 600 °C. The resulted product had an approximate spherical shape and average grain size of 50 nm in diameter. Under UV light, the photocatalytic experiment indicated that the prepared La2Ti2O7 nanocrystalline had high photocatalytic activity for degradation of methyl orange.

Reaction Mechanism of LiFePO4/C Cathode Materials Synthesized by Carbothermal Reduction Method

2010 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 248-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Min Gao ◽  
Guang Chuan Liang ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Xiao Ke Zhi ◽  
Xiao Fei Jie
Keyword(s):  
Carbothermal Reduction ◽  
Reduction Method ◽  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reducing Atmosphere ◽  
Carbothermal Reduction Method ◽  
Lower Temperature

LiFePO4/C powders were synthesized by carbothermal reduction method using Li2CO3 (A.R), FePO4 (A.R) and glucose as raw materials. In this paper, the carbothermal reaction courses were characterized by Thermo-gravimetric (TG)/Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). It was found that the different synthesis temperatures and the different reducing atmosphere in systems could lead to different reactions, resulting in different final products and a direct impact on material performance. At around 350 °C LiFePO4 is directly formed without intermediate phase. In lower temperature of 400-500 °C, the sample included a certain amount of Li3PO4 and Fe2O3 impurity phases. When calcination temperature rose to 550 °C, the sample could be pure LiFePO4 phase.

Growth and Morphology of β-Si3N4 Nano-Belts by Carbothermal Reduction Nitridation of Used Silica Refractory Brick

2012 ◽  
Vol 624 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Juan Li ◽  
Zi He Pan ◽  
Zhao Hui Huang ◽  
Yan Gai Liu ◽  
Ming Hao Fang
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Carbothermal Reduction ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Carbon Powder ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Refractory Brick ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vs Mechanism ◽  
Energy Disperse Spectrum ◽  
Silica Refractory

Silicon nitride (β-Si3N4) nano-belts had been synthesized by used silica bricks and carbon powder as raw materials through carbothermal reduction nitridation. The morphology and microstructure of β-Si3N4 nano-belts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM/HRSEM), energy disperse spectrum (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results showed that the well-crystallized β-Si3N4 nano-beltes were grown with thinness of 50-150nm and width of 3-5μm. The relatively purer β-Si3N4 were prone to be thin films with thinness of 150nm, while the as-grown SiCN (impurityβ-Si3N4with C elements) were presented as nanorods with cross section length of 150*150nm. Orientation growth mechanism by grain dislocation and vapor-solid (VS) mechanism were both involved in the growth of nanostructures of β-Si3N4 nano-beltes and SiCN nanorods.

Preparation of TiB2 Ultrafine Powders by Carbothermal Reduction

2016 ◽  
Vol 697 ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
Jin Cheng Yu ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
Yu Jun Zhang ◽  
Hong Yu Gong ◽  
Li Wei Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Carbothermal Reduction ◽  
Reduction Method ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Boron Source ◽  
Different Content

TiO2, B2O3, H3BO3, B4C and carbon black were used as the raw materials to prepare TiB2 powders by carbothermal reduction method. The influence of different content of carbon black (13.6~14.8 wt%) on products was discussed. The effects of different boron sources and holding time (10~50 min) on the microstructure of TiB2 powders were also investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to study the phase composition and structural evolution of the powder. The final results showed that hexagonal TiB2 crystal grain could be successfully synthesized without impurities when heated at 1700°C for 30 min in Ar atmosphere with the addition of 14.1 wt% carbon black. Submicrometric TiB2 powders range from 0.5 to 1.0 μm could be obtained when B4C was used as the boron source. The increase in holding time contributed to the grain growth and completion of chemical reactions, but could also result in oversintering.

Formation of TiC-Reinforced Iron Based Composite through Carbothermal Reduction of Hematite and Anatase

2010 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 116-121
Author(s):  
Mohd Salihin Hassin ◽  
Zuhailawati Hussain ◽  
Palaniandy Samayamutthirian
Keyword(s):  
Carbothermal Reduction ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Anatase Tio2 ◽  
Vacuum Furnace ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Hematite Fe2o3

In this research carbothermal reduction of mechanical activated hematite (Fe2O3), anatase (TiO2) and graphite (C) mixture was investigated. Mixture of raw materials with composition of Fe-20vol%TiC was mechanically activated in a planetary ball mill with different milling time (0h-60h) in argon atmosphere. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed the intensity of Fe2O3 reduced with milling time. The activated powders were pressed using cold pressing under a constant pressure (100MPa) and heat treated at 1100°C for sintering in a vacuum furnace. The increase in milling time resulted in the formation of iron (Fe) and titanium carbide (TiC) phase as confirmed by XRD result.

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