The Accurate Calculative Methods of Cadre Design of Reinforced Concrete

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 695-698
Author(s):  
Zhi Hai Qin ◽  
Peng Qin
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Calculation Formula ◽  
Strip Foundation ◽  
Theory Analysis ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Foundation Structure

"cadre design of the foundation ",which is up to the national standard of the People's Republic of China , gives the principle of cadre design of reinforced concrete. With the principle of the standardized structure design given in the literature, the specific calculative formula is deduced. During the formula deduction process, there exits some obvious conceptual errors, which lead to problems in the calculation formula of the design of foundation structure. Analysis the problems in design of reinforced concrete of below-wall strip foundation and under-columniation independent foundation, point out the cause of the problems and detrude the accurate calculative methods of these cadre design. Via the calculative examples, compare the difference of calculative results and the results of original method, prove that the accurate calculative methods are consist with the theory analysis.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN STRUKTUR PONDASI TITIK SEBAGAI PENGGANTI PONDASI BATU BATA DALAM UPAYA PENCAPAIAN BIAYA YANG LEBIH EKONOMIS (STUDI KASUS RUMAH JABATAN PUSKESMAS KUMBE KABUPATEN MERAUKE)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Biatma Syanjayanta ◽  
Hilarius Chandra Syanjayakusuma ◽  
Julvan Rifai Patiekom
Keyword(s):  
Structure Design ◽  
Design Model ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Total Length ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
Sand And Gravel ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Foundation Structure

Merauke Regency is a coastal area with muddy soil conditions, Merauke district is a very rare area of sand and gravel material, because of these conditions the community and housing business actors use red brick as a foundation structure material for houses, especially simple housing. Meanwhile, generally red bricks have a non-structural function.In this study the author tries to plan and compare costs in terms of the design model of the continuous foundation structure of red bricks with a point structure design model, in order to achieve a safe, comfortable and economical design result.This research was conducted by direct observation (survey) to the research location, namely in the Kumbe health center, Malind district, Merauke district. In addition, the author also conducted a literature study on the standards of prices and wages in the related institutions, analyzed the prices of the plan drawings, concluded the results of the research so that it became an input for the government / related agencies and the community.From the results of this study, it can be concluded that there is a very significant price difference. The difference reaches Rp. 14,670,000.00, where the design of a continuous foundation with a total length of its foundation is 60,953 M1, the cost reaches Rp. 41,120,000.00. While the design of the point foundation with the same total length, the cost only reaches Rp. 26,450,000.00.   Kata kunci : Struktur Pondasi Titik., Estimasi Teknis., Struktur Pondasi Menerus.

The Impact Analysis of Coal’s Elastic Energy on the Coal and Gas Outburst Shock Wave

2012 ◽  
Vol 616-618 ◽  
pp. 390-395
Author(s):  
Cheng Wu Li ◽  
Tian Bao Gao ◽  
Shan Yang Wei ◽  
Teng Li
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Elastic Energy ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Theory ◽  
Coal And Gas Outburst ◽  
Calculation Formula ◽  
Theory Analysis ◽  
Gas Outburst ◽  
Quantitative Calculation ◽  
The Impact

According to the gas dynamic theory, this paper deduces the approximate calculation formula on elastic energy of a tons of coal through theory analysis, and then gets the quantitative calculation method between incident overpressure and reflected overpressure of the coal and gas outburst shock wave. The calculation formula in this paper is in line with the measured values, and so its validity has been verified. The analysis result shows that the effect of the elastic energy during the process of coal and gas outburst should be considered when the depth of the coal seam is great and the coal’s modulus of elasticity is small.

Simulation and experimentation of a magnetorheological brake with adjustable gap

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1614-1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Li Song ◽  
Dong-Heng Li ◽  
Yan Tao ◽  
Na Wang ◽  
Shi-Chao Xiu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetorheological Fluid ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Wear Property ◽  
Braking Performance ◽  
Braking Torque ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Theoretical Analyses ◽  
Magnetostatic Simulation

The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of the small magnetorheological fluid gap on the braking performance of the magnetorheological brake. In this article, theoretical analyses of the output torque are given first, and then the operating principle and design details of the magnetorheological brake whose magnetorheological fluid gap can be altered are presented and discussed. Next, the magnetic circuit of the proposed magnetorheological brake is conducted and further followed by a magnetostatic simulation of the magnetorheological brakes with different sizes of fluid gap. A prototype of the magnetorheological brake is fabricated and a series of tests are carried out to evaluate the braking performance and torque stability, as well as the verification of the simulation results. Experimental results show that the braking torque increases with the increase in the current, and the difference for the impact of the fluid gap on braking performance is huge under different currents. The rules, which the experimental results show, have an important significance on both the improvement of structure design for magnetorheological brake and the investigation of the wear property under different fluid gaps.

Experimental Study of Bending Toughness on Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete

2013 ◽  
Vol 327 ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Jin Song Shi ◽  
Bo Yuan ◽  
Da Zhang Wang ◽  
Zhe An Lu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Hybrid Fiber ◽  
Toughness Index ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Loading Methods ◽  
Index Value

In order to investigate the difference of current toughness index standards for fiber reinforced concrete, two main groups of specimens were made to take bending toughness test with the requirements of corresponded standards, loading methods and loading speeds, which are ASTM C1018 in America, ACI 544 and JSCE G552 in Japan. United with software Origin, the load-deflection curves gathered from bending test was calculated with relative standards. The results show that the calculated toughness index value with ASTM C1018-98 in America is more accurate with three grades but the requested deflection of testing is much longer than others while ACI 544 and JSCE G552 in Japan are quite the contrary.

Biomechanical comparison of the Lim/Tsai tendon repair with a modified method using a single looped suture

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 915-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Kai Chang ◽  
Yoke Rung Wong ◽  
Shian Chao Tay
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Tendon Repair ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Profundus ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Cycle Loading ◽  
The Difference

The Lim/Tsai tendon repair technique has been modified clinically to achieve a 6-strand repair using a single looped suture with one extratendinous knot. We compared biomechanical performance of the original and modified methods using 20 porcine flexor digitorum profundus tendons. The ultimate tensile strength, load to 2 mm gap force, mode of failure, and time taken to repair each tendon were recorded during a single cycle loading test in 10 tendons with each repair method. We found that despite having the same number of core strands, the single looped suture modified Lim/Tsai technique possessed significantly greater ultimate tensile strength and load to 2 mm gap force. Also, less repair time was required. We conclude that the modified 6-strand repair using a single looped suture has better mechanical performance than the original method. The difference likely was due to the changes in locations of the knots and subsequent load distribution during tendon loading.

scholarly journals Russia – China: A Difficult Way to Strategic Partnership (To the 70th Anniversary of the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations)

2021 ◽  
pp. 231-245
Author(s):  
Sergey Biryukov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
World Order ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
General Situation ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Moment

Introduction. The article is devoted to the features and historical evolution of the SovietChinese (later Russian-Chinese) relations from the moment of the proclamation of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 to the present. The analysis of the complex of factors that determined the complex dynamics of the relations between the two countries was carried out by the author of the article. It is shown that the SovietChinese (later – Russian-Chinese) relations developed from close alliance to alienation and confrontation – with reaching a level of strategic partnership in the second decade of the 21st century. Methods and materials. The authors seek a combination of general theoretical and special methods, focusing on the historical, sociocultural and political analysis. They are based on the analysis of periodicals, as well as using books, articles and materials of researchers on the problems of the political development of China and the USSR (Russia) and on the transformation of the nature of their bilateral relations. The author analyzes the current situation in the relations between the two countries, according to which the nature of the development of the general situation in international relations and the objective foreign policy interests of China and Russia encourage them to build and deepen bilateral partnership. Results. According to the author, many of the reasons that gave rise to a conflict of interests and confrontation between the two countries in previous years are exhausted today. At the same time, the joint participation of China and Russia in the formation and adoption of a new, more equitable and sustainable world order, in the settlement of conflicts and crises, in the arrangement of the Greater Eurasia space seems to the author justified and promising. Among the factors defining the nature of the Sino-Soviet relations the author identifies the relationship between the leaders of the two countries, the difference of geopolitical concepts and approaches, ideological disputes and differences in the views on strategy and prospects of the communist movement, the logic of the socio-political and socio-economic development in the context of modernization. The changing and contradictory correlation of these factors determined the development of the Soviet-Chinese (later Russian-Chinese) relations from a close alliance to mutual distancing and confrontation – with the subsequent entry into strategic partnership.

Theory Analysis of FBG Characteristics under 3D Homogeneous Stress Field

2012 ◽  
Vol 499 ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
Zhao Xia Wu ◽  
Hui Fang Zhang ◽  
Jun Wei Wang ◽  
Li Fu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Transverse Force ◽  
Reflection Spectra ◽  
Theory Analysis ◽  
Center Wavelength ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Wavelength Sensitivity ◽  
Homogeneous Stress ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sensing Characteristics

FBG sensing characteristics and model under three-dimensional stress are studyed in this paper. Theory analysis indicates that the reflection spectra of FBG is gradually splitted into two resonance peaks with the increase of the load and the two resonance peaks have a linear relation to the load. The difference of the wavelength sensitivity of the two directions of FBG is much less than the conditions of FBG only under transverse force, that is to say, the axial force plays a leading role in the shift amount of center wavelength.

First measurement service applied to event dating for reliable business transactions: metrology for digital transformation using Colombian legal time.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Fernanda Rodriguez ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Transformation ◽  
National Standards ◽  
National Standard ◽  
National Metrology Institute ◽  
Remote Measurement ◽  
Time Service ◽  
Network Time ◽  
Network Time Protocol ◽  
National Comparison ◽  
The Difference

Diffusing the legal time in Colombia is one missional assessment of INM (National Metrology Institute of Colombia). This is done via a public IP through an NTP server (Network Time Protocol Server) disciplined to the National Standard of Time and Frequency. So, the companies can synchronize their servers, but they do not have certainty about the difference that exists between the time of the client-server and the legal time of the INM server because there is not a constant verification implemented by themselves. In Colombia, the demand for the legal time service has increased because it is used by many companies due to the rise of innovative applications such as time-stamp, digital signature, electronic invoice, and economic transactions. This has an impact on the economic environment of a country for world trade. For this reason, the INM of Colombia implemented a new service to measure the synchronization offset with the legal time, which allows the companies to have a new service that generates reliability respecting the time they use to provide their services. Inspired by the INM contribution to the international comparison Universal Time Coordinated (UTC) and the intercomparison of the National Standards of Time and Frequency implemented through the SIM time scale (SIMT) using GPS (Global Positioning System), the INM developed a customized application for national comparison using NTP. As a result, this is the first remote measurement service as evidence of metrology for digital transformation in Colombia in the field of time and frequency.

STIFFNESS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES UNDER BENDING WITH TRANSVERSE AND LONGITUDINAL FORCES

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
VL.I. KOLCHUNOV ◽  
◽  
O.I. AL-HASHIMI ◽  
M.V. PROTCHENKO ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Local Shear ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Inclined Cracks ◽  
Opening Width

The authors developed a model for single reinforced concrete strips in block wedge and arches between inclined cracks and approximated rectangular cross-sections using small squares in matrix elements. From the analysis of the works of N.I. Karpenko and S.N. Karpenko the "nagel" forces in the longitudinal tensile reinforcement and crack slip , as a function of the opening width and concrete deformations in relation to the cosine of the angle . The experimental " nagel " forces and crack slip dependences for the connection between and in the form of an exponent for the reinforcement deformations and spacing are determined. The forces have been calculated for two to three cross-sections (single composite strips) of reinforced concrete structures. On the bases of accepted hypothesis, a new effect of reinforced concrete and a joint modulus in a strip of composite single local shear zone for the difference of mean relative linear and angular deformations of mutual displacements of concrete (or reinforcement) are developed. The hypothesis allows one to reduce the order of the system of differential equations of Rzhanitsyn and to obtain in each joint the total angular deformations of concrete and the "nagel" effect of reinforcement. The curvature of the composite bars has a relationship from the total bending moment of the bars to the sum of the rigidities. The stiffness physical characteristics of the matrix from the compressed concrete area and the working reinforcement are obtained in a system of equations of equilibrium and deformation, as well as physical equations.

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