Manufacture of Biodiesel by Transerification Reaction with Alkali Process from Waste Cooking Oil

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 1464-1468
Author(s):  
Jai Houng Leu
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Number ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Treatment Procedure ◽  
Heterogeneous Process ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Purchase Cost ◽  
Pre Treatment

For self-manufacture of biodiesel, the purchase cost of the feedstock is around the 70% manufacture cost, so, three kinds of the feedstock were tested & analyzed in this paper for decreasing the feedstock purchase cost for the fully developed technique of the transerification reaction with homogeneous/heterogeneous process. The other hand, the pre-treatment procedure for modulation of both acid number and iodine number is the important step for biodiesel manufacture with the feedstock of waste cooking oil (including extracted fat from cooking residue). And, the relating techniques are also developed actively in Taiwan.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Purified with Activated Charcoal of Salak Peel

REAKTOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luqman Buchori ◽  
Dinda Labibah Ubay ◽  
Khonsa Syahidah
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Activated Charcoal Adsorption

Biodiesel is one of diesel fuel alternative made from renewable resources such as vegetable oils and animal fats. One of the natural ingredients that can be used as a material in the production of biodiesel is waste cooking oil (WCO). Biodiesel from WCO can be made through a transesterification reaction using a CaO catalyst. Free fatty acid (FFA) content in WCO needs to be reduced by activated charcoal adsorption. This research aims to determine the optimum time of adsorption by activated charcoal that made from salak peel and to determine the effect of transesterification temperature on biodiesel yield. The results showed that the FFA content of WCO decrease from 6.16% to 0.224% with adsorption time is 80 minutes and 10 gram of activated charcoal. Biodiesel yield increase by increasing transesterification temperature. The appropriate temperature is 50oC with 86.40% of yield, 887.2 kg/m3of density, 5.174 mm2/s of kinematic viscosity and acid number 0.421 mg KOH/gram sample. The composition of alkyl ester was obtained 65.54% with a FAAE yield of 56.63%.

Corticotropin- and lysine-vasopressin induced changes of plasma corticosteroids and testosterone in the adult male pig

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Hahmeier ◽  
M. Fenske ◽  
L. Pitzel ◽  
W. Holtz ◽  
A. König
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Lysine Vasopressin ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Induced Changes

Abstract. Intravenous injection of 10.0 μg/kg body weight synthetic corticotropin (1-24 ACTH) into chronically cannulated boars resulted in significantly elevated plasma corticosteroid and testosterone levels between 20 and 140 min (corticosteroids) and 20–80 min (testosterone) after injection. Administration of lysine-vasopressin (LVP) at doses of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 IU/kg body weight elicited a significant increase of plasma corticosteroids between 20 and 40 min after injection; on the other hand, plasma testosterone concentrations tended to fall when compared to pre-treatment levels. From our results it can be concluded that exogenously applied ACTH can effectively stimulate the release of corticosteroids and testosterone. Intravenous administration of LVP results in significantly, although not maximally increased plasma corticosteroid concentrations; the release of endogenous ACTH induced by LVP injection, on the other hand, appeared to be too small to stimulate testosterone release significantly.

scholarly journals Recycling of Cooking Oil Waste into Reactive Polyurethane for Blending with Thermoplastic Polyethylene

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Anika Zafiah M. Rus ◽  
N. Syamimi M. Salim ◽  
N. Haiza Sapiee
Keyword(s):  
Injection Molding ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
The Other ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Behaviors ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Better Than

Driven by the need of growing to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly future, this research is started by mixing in-house produced biorenewable polymers (BP) from waste cooking oil with the standard low density polyethylene (LDPE) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) via melt-mixing at low ratios. These mixtures are then compounded via injection molding to produce tensile samples. By using the quality of individual compounds injected, the parameters obtained for all ratios of LDPE/BP were the same with neat LDPE whereas some adjustments were required for the HDPE/BP compounds. The corresponding mechanical behaviors of each ratio were also examined and the results showed that both tensile strength and strain of the LDPE/BP were better than neat LDPE. On the other hand, increasing the BP content in HDPE/BP will increase the toughness of the compound if compared to neat HDPE. Therefore, not only does the presence of BP provide renewable properties, but it also improves the mechanical properties. Moreover, the processing temperature and composition of BP will both influence the quality and mechanical behavior of the product made. Thus, this study may aid any intention on processing these in-house produced polymers by injection molding.

scholarly journals PROSES PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI CAMPURAN MINYAK KELAPA DAN MINYAK JELANTAH

Konversi ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Muthia Elma ◽  
Satria Anugerah Suhendra ◽  
Wahyuddin Wahyuddin
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Ester Content ◽  
Total Glycerol

Abstrak-Indonesia memiliki hasil produksi buah kelapa yang hanya dimanfaatkan untuk memasak. Minyak jelantah merupakan hasil dari sisa penggorengan rumah tangga yang setelah penggunaanya menjadi limbah dan dapat mencemari lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memproduksi biodiesel dengan memanfaatkan campuran antara minyak kelapa dan minyak jelantah terhadap efek penambahan metanol dan waktu reaksi optimum dari pembuatan biodiesel. Proses produksi biodiesel dari campuran kedua bahan baku menggunakan proses dimana minyak kelapa dan minyak jelantah dicampurkan berdasarkan %-v/v dari 200 mL dengan perbandingan minyak jelantah (MJ) dan minyak kelapa (MK) yaitu 100MJ:0MK; 75MJ:25MK; 50MJ:50MK; 25MJ:75MK; dan 0MJ:100MK dengan komposisi metanol serta esterifikasi 38%; 30%; 28%; 19% serta untuk trasesterifikasi 19%; 20%; 21%; 25%. Pada reaksi esterifikasi menggunakan komposisi katalis H2SO4 0,5%, dan transesterifikasi menggunakan katalis KOH 0,9%. Yield yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini adalah: 100MJ:0MK 92,15%; 93,65%, 75MJ:25MK (96,65%), 50MJ:50MK (95,11%), 25MJ:25MK (96,65%) dan 100MK:0MJ (82,65%). Analisa gliserol total yang didapat pada penelitian ini adalah 100MJ:0M (0,19%), 75MJ:25MK (0,21%), 50MJ:50MK (0,23%) 25MJ:25MK (0,22%) dan 100MK:0MJ (0,26%). Dari hasil analisa gliserol total tersebut didapat sampel yang terbaik yakni 50MJ:50MK dengan nilai glirserol total 0,23% dengan waktu 60 menit untuk esterifikasi dan 70 menit untuk transesterifikasi, dengan analisa angka asam yang didapatkan sebesar 0,2117, angka penyabunan 198,41; ester content  yang didapat sebesar 98,163% water content untuk sebesar 0,56 ppm. Keseluruhan dari hasil analisa biodiesel tersebut memenuhi standar EN 14214.  Kata kunci: minyak kelapa, minyak jelantah, biodiesel, FFA, trigliserida, gliserol total.  Abstract-Coconut oil is normally produced as cooking oil in some areas in Indonesia. However, palm oil mostly produced by industries as vegetable/cooking oil.Waste cooking oil from palm oil becomes a big problem in the environment, and creates pollution. This research aims to use waste cooking oil to produce biodiesel by mixing waste cooking oil and coconut oil. Those mixed oils become raw materials for this proces. The composition of the mixtures are  100MJ: 0MK; 75MJ: 25MK; 50MJ: 50MK; 25MJ: 75MK; and 0MJ: 100MK (% v / v of waste cooking oil (MJ) and coconut oil (MK)).The total of 200 mL oil mixtures was used for the esterification process with methanol composition were 38%; 30%; 28%; and trans-esterification were 19%; 20%; 21%; 23%. Esterification reaction was using the 0,5% H2SO4 as a catalyst, while transesterification was using 0.9% KOH as catalyst. The yield of biodiesel this reaserch were: 100MJ: 0MK (92.15%), 75MJ: 25MK (96.65%), 50MJ: 50MK (95.11%), 25MJ: 25MK (96.65%) and 100MK: 0MJ (82.65%). Furthermore, the total glycerol values were 100MJ:0MK (0.19%), 75MJ: 25MK (0.21%), 50MJ:50MK (0.23%) 25MJ: 25MK (0.22%) and 100MK: 0MJ (0.26%). EN14214 standard shows that the best composition of mixtured oils was 50MJ:50MK. Then, the total glycerol was 0.23% (60-70 minutes for the esterification and transesterification reaction). Acid number value was 0.2117, saponification number was 198.41; ester content was 98.163% and water content was 0.56 ppm.  Keywords: coconut oil, waste cooking oil, biodiesel, FFA, triglyceride, total glycerol.

scholarly journals Waste cooking oil processing for fatty acid methyl ester and mono glycerides production with magnetite catalyst

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (S1) ◽  
pp. 220-226
Author(s):  
Widayat ◽  
Hadiyanto ◽  
D.A. Putra ◽  
Nursafitri I. ◽  
H. Satriadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl

The objective of this research was to produce biodiesel using waste cooking oil and various magnetite catalysts with the esterification-transesterification process. Magnetite catalysts tested were α- Fe2O3, α- Fe2O3/Al2O3, α- Fe2O3/ZSM-5 catalysts. Catalysts were prepared through chemical precipitation and calcination. The esterificationtransesterification process was carried out with the conditions WCO: methanol molar ratio of 15:1, catalyst (1% wt of oil), heated at 65℃ for 3 hrs. The results showed biodiesel production using α- Fe2O3-ZSM-5 catalyst obtained higher %FAME (83.28%), yield (91.915%) and monoglyceride content (16.72%) compared to others due to larger pore volume. Biodiesel produced passed the requirement of Indonesian National Standard (SNI) based on density, acid number and viscosity.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN ARANG AKTIF DARI SERBUK GERGAJI KAYU ULIN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS MINYAK GORENG BEKAS

Konversi ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Hesti Wijayanti ◽  
Harmin Nora ◽  
Rajihah Amelia
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Saponification Number ◽  
Peroxide Number ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Adsorption Time ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Oil Adsorption

Abstrak - Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana kemampuan arang aktif dari serbuk gergaji kayu ulin dalam proses adsorpsi minyak goreng bekas. Tujuan lainnya adalah untuk mengetahui waktu adsorpsi yang paling baik diantara range waktu yang digunakan untuk proses adsorpsi minyak goreng bekas dengan menggunakan arang aktif dari serbuk gergaji kayu ulin. Arang aktif dibuat dengan membakar serbuk gergaji kayu dan diaktivasi menggunakan ZnCl2 0,1 N. Arang aktif yang diperoleh digunakan untuk mengadsorpsi minyak goreng bekas dengan variasi jumlah arang sebanyak 5, 10 dan 15 gram. Selanjutnya minyak goreng bekas dan arang aktif yang sudah dicampurkan dalam Erlenmeyer tersebut diadsorpsi dengan variasi waktu 40, 60 dan 80 menit menggunakan shaker. Setelah disaring, minyak goreng bekas tersebut dianalisa angka asam, bilangan peroksida dan bilangan penyabunannya.Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan yang mememenuhi standar SNI 01- 3741-2002 dan hasil yang paling bagus adalah dengan berat arang aktif 15 gram dan dengan lama waktu pengadukan selama 80 menit. Dengan nilai angka asam sebesar 0,224 mgKOH/gram, bilangan peroksida sebesar 10 mg eq/gram, sedangkan untuk bilangan penyabunan yang memenuhi standar adalah dengan arang aktif 10 gram dan lama waktu pengadukan 40 menit yaitu sebesar 200,09 mg KOH/gram. Keywords : adsorpsi, minyak goreng bekas, arang aktif Abstract - This research conducted to investigate the ability of activated carbon from sawdust ulin wood for waste cooking oil adsorption and to get the best adsorption time from the used time range in this research. Activated carbon was gotten by carbonizing sawdust before activated it with 0.1 N ZnCl2. This activated carbon was used in adsorption waste cooking oil with weight variation of 5,10 and 15 gram that put into shaker for  40, 60 and 80 minute adsorption. After being filtered, this proceeded waste cooking oil would be analyzed in order to measure acid number, peroxide number and saponification number.As the result, the best dose for adsorption regarding SNI 01- 3741-2002 standard was 15 gram activated carbon in 80 minute adsorption which gave acid number was 0,224 mgKOH/gram, peroxide number was 10 mg eq/gram while the best dose to get saponification number that meet SNI 01- 3741-2002 standard was 10 gram in 40 minute adsorption which gave 200,09 mg KOH/gram. Keywords: adsorption, waste cooking oil, activated carbon

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Bentonit sebagai Penyerap Air pada Proses Transesterifikasi Minyak Jelantah Menjadi Biodiesel

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Andesta Yulanda ◽  
Lisna Wahyuni ◽  
Rahmi Safitri ◽  
Abu Bakar ◽  
Muhammad Dani Supardan
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Activated Bentonite ◽  
Varying Mass ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRAK. Transesterifikasi merupakan salah satu proses dalam pembuatan biodiesel. Metode transesterifikasi secara konvesional tanpa penambahan adsorben memiliki kekurangan pada rendemen dan mutu biodiesel sehingga dikembangkan metode transesterifikasi menggunakan adsorben secara simultan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk pemanfaatan bentonit sebagai penyerap air untuk meningkatkan rendemen biodiesel pada proses transesterifikasi minyak jelantah. Pertama dilakukan pengecilan ukuran bentonit menjadi 100 hingga 120 mesh dan dilanjutkan dengan aktivasi bentonit menggunakan asam sulfat 98% pada suhu 80oC. Hasil analisis Scanning Electron Microscope menunjukkan bentonit aktivasi memiliki permukaan yang lebih halus dan bersih dibandingkan dengan bentonit tanpa aktivasi. Selanjutnya, bentonit digunakan pada proses transesterifikasi minyak jelantah dengan variasi massa adsorben (1, 2, 3 dan 4 %-berat minyak) dan kadar air minyak jelantah (2, 3, 5 dan 6 %-berat minyak). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan bentonit teraktivasi menghasilkan rendemen yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan bentonit tanpa aktivasi dan proses tanpa menggunakan bentonit. Hasil penelitian terbaik diperoleh pada massa adsorben 3% dan kadar air 2% yaitu rendemen biodiesel sebesar 81%, massa jenis 865 kg/m3, viskositas 2,90 mm2/s, angka asam 0,1675 mg KOH/gram dan kadar air 0,70%.ABSTRACT.Transesterification is one of process in production of biodiesel. Conventional transterification method without adding adsorbent has deficiency in the yield and quality of biodiesel, therefore transesterification using adsorbent simultaneously is developed. The purpose of this research is to utilize bentonit as the adsorbent of water to increase yield of biodiesel in the waste cooking oil transesterication process. The first step to do in this research was bentonite crushing to the size of 100 to 120 mesh and then bentonite activation using sulfuric acid 98% at 80 oC. The result of SEM analysis showed that activated bentonite surface was smoother  and more clean than bentonite without activation. Bentonite is used to transesterification process by varying mass of adsorben (1, 2, 3 and 4 %-wt. of waste cooking oil) and water content (2, 3, 5 and 6 %-wt. of waste cooking oil). The result of this research showed that activated bentonite has better yield than without adsorbent and activation. The best result from this research is at adsorbent mass 3% and water content 2% with biodiesel yield 81%. The biodiesel produced have density of 865 kg/m3, viscosity of 2.90 mm2/s, acid number of 0.1675 mg KOH/gram and water content of 0.7%.

scholarly journals The Bay Leaves Active Compounds and Its Lipid Oxidative Inhibition Activity in Bulk Cooking Oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
Vritta Amroini Wahyudi ◽  
Afifah Nuril Aini ◽  
Dian Puspita ◽  
Ayu Ramadhani Kumala Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Number ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Economic Reason ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Basic Human Needs ◽  
Profiling Analysis

Cooking oil is one of the basic human needs. Improving the quality of bulk cooking oil is necessary because it is related to economic reason. The bulk cooking oil have a lower price than brand package oil, of course. Based on these reasons, research is needed on the use of antioxidants to improve the quality of bulk cooking oil. This study aims to identify the phytochemicals of bay leaves extract through TOF profiling, analysis of iodine number and acid number of bay leaves extract against bulk cooking oil. TOF profiling was carried out to see whether bay leaves had chemical compounds that supported antioxidant activity which had an impact on the inhibition of fat oxidation. The research consisted of 4 stages: 1) extraction and fractionation of bay leaves, 2) TOF profiling of bay leaves extract, 3) application of bay leaves extract to bulk cooking oil, 4) analysis of iodine and acid numbers. Profiling TOF of the bay leaves extract showed 3 peaks : C6H13NO5 (cyclohexanol, galactose, and fructose derivatives), C11H14O5 (pyran and furan), andC11H19NO3 (morpholine derivate). According to SNI, the acid value maximum 0.6 mg KOH/g. Iodine value minimum is 45 g I2/ 100 mL (SNI 3741 : 2013). Based of this data standart, this study recommended use bay leaves extract in concentration 0.80%. The addition of bay leaves extract as much as 0.80% showed an iodine number of 48.2 g I2/100 mL and an acid number of 0.34 mg KOH/g where the positive control TBHQ showed an iodine number of 48.7 g I2/100 mL and an acid number of 0.19 mg KOH/g.

Identification of Biodiesel Composites from Waste Cooking Oil Using Gas Chromatographic Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 465-466 ◽  
pp. 177-180
Author(s):  
Nor Hazwani Abdullah ◽  
Hasan Sulaiman ◽  
Winardi Sani
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
The Other ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Gas Chromatographic Method ◽  
The University

The aim of this project is to transfer knowledge on production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil then the biodiesel is used as a fuel to fire the burner of frying pan for crackers. The project was initially an experimental work of processing the waste cooking oil into biodiesel in the laboratory. The pilot project was built through this knowledge transfer program with the participation of a small local fabricator in Batu Pahat. This continuous biodiesel plant produces a biodiesel for the chip cracker factory. The biodiesel was blended with diesel oil to get B5 and B10 grade biodiesel. The application of this biodiesel has enabled the company to use its waste cooking oil without having to dispose it and this has save cost to the company. The other advantage is that it has significantly help to preserve environment and encourage green practice. The biodiesel plant has also motivated the company towards thinking about environment and also alternative energy thus sustaining its operation. The project benefits both the university and the industry

A Two-Step Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil: Optimization of Pre-Treatment Step

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 3098-3103 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.N.N. Wan Omar ◽  
N. Nordin ◽  
M. Mohamed ◽  
N.A.S. Amin
Keyword(s):  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Treatment Step
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