scholarly journals Torsion Fracture Behavior of Drawn Pearlitic Steel Wires with Different Heat Treatments

2008 ◽  
Vol 33-37 ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Jia Wang ◽  
Xiao Lei Wu ◽  
You Shi Hong
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Shear Deformation ◽  
Fracture Behavior ◽  
Pearlitic Steel ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Torsion Fracture ◽  
Short Heating

In this paper, torsion fracture behavior of drawn pearlitic steel wires with different heat treatments was investigated. Samples with different heat treatment conditions were subjected to torsion and tensile tests. The shear strain along the torsion sample after fracture was measured. Fracture surface of wires was examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy. In addition, the method of Differential Scanning Calorimetry was used to characterize the thermodynamic process in the heat treatment. A numerical simulation via finite element method on temperature field evolution for the wire during heat treatment process was performed. The results show that both strain aging and recovery process occur in the material within the temperature range between room temperature and 435 °C. It was shown that the ductility measured by the number of twists drops at short heating times and recovers after further heating in the lead bath of 435 °C. On the other hand, the strength of the wire increases at short heating times and decreases after further heating. The microstructure inhomogeneity due to short period of heat treatment, coupled with the gradient characteristics of shear deformation during torsion, results in localized shear deformation of the wire. In this situation, shear cracks nucleate between lamella and the wire breaks with low number of twists.

Microstructural Development in Nb-Ti Multifilamentary Superconductors During Processing

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 190-191
Author(s):  
A. W. West
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Critical Current Density ◽  
Copper Matrix ◽  
Wire Drawing ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Microstructural Development ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Density Values ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Multifilamentary Superconductors

The influence of the filament microstructure on the critical current density values, Jc, of Nb-Ti multifilamentary superconducting composites has been well documented. However the development of these microstructures during composite processing is still under investigation.During manufacture, the multifilamentary composite is given several heat treatments interspersed in the wire-drawing schedule. Typically, these heat treatments are for 5 to 80 hours at temperatures between 523 and 573K. A short heat treatment of approximately 3 hours at 573K is usually given to the wire at final size. Originally this heat treatment was given to soften the copper matrix, but recent work has shown that it can markedly change both the Jc value and microstructure of the composite.

scholarly journals The Assessment Of The Structure And Properties Of High-Carbon Steel Wires After The Process Of Patenting With Induction Heating

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 855-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wiewiórowska ◽  
Z. Muskalski
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Induction Heating ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
Continuous Heating ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
The Wire

Abstract One of the most important types of heat treatment that high-carbon steel wires are subjected to is the patenting treatment. This process is conducted with the aim of obtaining a fine-grained uniform pearlitic structure which will be susceptible to plastic deformation in drawing processes. Patenting involves two-stage heat treatment that includes heating the wire up to the temperature above Ac3 in a continuous heating furnace (in the temperature range of 850÷1050°C) followed by a rapid cooling in a tank with a lead bath down to the temperature range of 450÷550°C. The patenting process is most significantly influenced by the chemistry of the steel being treated, as well as by the temperature and the rate of heating and cooling of the wire rod or wire being patented. So far, heating up to the austenitizing temperature has been conducted in several-zone continuous gas-fired or electric furnaces. Recently, attempts have been made in a drawing mill to replace this type of furnace with fast induction heating, which should bring about an energy saving, as well as a reduced quantity of scale on the patented wire. This paper presents the analysis of the structure and mechanical properties of wires of high-carbon steel with a carbon content of 0.76%C after the patenting process using induction heating for different levels of the coil induction power.

Fracture behavior of nanostructured heavily cold drawn pearlitic steel wires before and after annealing

2017 ◽  
Vol 707 ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.N. Jaya ◽  
S. Goto ◽  
G. Richter ◽  
C. Kirchlechner ◽  
G. Dehm
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Behavior ◽  
Pearlitic Steel ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Before And After

Origin and mechanism of torsion fracture in cold-drawn pearlitic steel wires

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (16) ◽  
pp. 5528-5535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianjun Hu ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Feng Fang ◽  
Zhongquan Ma ◽  
Zong-han Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearlitic Steel ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Torsion Fracture

Reaction Diffusion Behaviour in Bronze Route Cu-Nb-Sn Superconducting Wires

2006 ◽  
Vol 258-260 ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
Simon C. Hopkins ◽  
K.S. Tan ◽  
I. Pong ◽  
Bartek A. Glowacki
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Matrix Composition ◽  
Superconducting Wires ◽  
Reaction Diffusion Model ◽  
Wire Cross Section ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Diffusion Behaviour

The bronze process is a mature technology for the production of Nb3Sn superconducting wires exploiting reaction diffusion behaviour in the Cu-Nb-Sn system. However, the superconducting properties depend strongly on the applied heat treatment, and optimisation of the heat treatment is still largely by trial and improvement. Modelling of the reaction-diffusion behaviour would allow improved heat treatments to be designed; combination of this with a nondestructive in situ characterisation technique would also permit improved superconducting wires to be produced. A finite difference reaction diffusion model has been designed to permit rapid calculation of the bronze matrix composition and Nb3Sn layer thickness profiles across the wire cross-section as a function of time for any applied heat treatment. The model has also been designed to calculate the electrical resistivity of the wire, which has previously been demonstrated as a suitable in situ characterisation technique. This model has been applied to isothermal and more complex heat treatments and compared with experimental results. Good qualitative agreement has been found, and plans for further improvement of the model are described in detail.

Quantitative Microstructural Analysis of a Ni-based Superalloy After Different Heat Treatments

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 4519-4524
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Metal Melts ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Undercooled Melt ◽  
Super Alloy

The efficiency of time-temperature treatment (T-TT) on metal melts can be microstructurally analysed through their degree of purity in non-metallic inclusions. In the case of the Ni-based super alloy under discussion (MSRR 7045) the heat treatment was the undercooling consequences both on the durability of the casting environment (ingots-refractories) and on the internal structure of the metal (porosity, microstructural isotropy). Keywords: time-temperature treatment, undercooled melt, non-metallic inclusions, purity, microstructural isotropy

scholarly journals Proteomic analysis of heat shock proteins in maize (Zea mays L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Hussien Abou-Deif ◽  
Mohamed Abdel-Salam Rashed ◽  
Kamal Mohamed Khalil ◽  
Fatma El-Sayed Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Adverse Influence ◽  
Shock Proteins

Abstract Background Maize is one of the important cereal food crops in the world. High temperature stress causes adverse influence on plant growth. When plants are exposed to high temperatures, they produce heat shock proteins (HSPs), which may impart a generalized role in tolerance to heat stress. Proteome analysis was performed in plant to assess the changes in protein types and their expression levels under abiotic stress. The purpose of the study is to explore which proteins are involved in the response of the maize plant to heat shock treatment. Results We investigated the responses of abundant proteins of maize leaves, in an Egyptian inbred line of maize “K1”, upon heat stress through two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) on samples of maize leaf proteome. 2-DE technique was used to recognize heat-responsive protein spots using Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) and silver staining. In 2-D analysis of proteins from plants treated at 45 °C for 2 h, the results manifested 59 protein spots (4.3%) which were reproducibly detected as new spots where did not present in the control. In 2D for treated plants for 4 h, 104 protein spots (7.7%) were expressed only under heat stress. Quantification of spot intensities derived from heat treatment showed that twenty protein spots revealed clear differences between the control and the two heat treatments. Nine spots appeared with more intensity after heat treatments than the control, while four spots appeared only after heat treatments. Five spots were clearly induced after heat treatment either at 2 h or 4 h and were chosen for more analysis by LC-MSMS. They were identified as ATPase beta subunit, HSP26, HSP16.9, and unknown HSP/Chaperonin. Conclusion The results revealed that the expressive level of the four heat shock proteins that were detected in this study plays important roles to avoid heat stress in maize plants.

scholarly journals Correlation between Microstructures and Ductility Parameters of Cold Drawn Hyper-Eutectoid Steel Wires with Different Drawing Strains and Post-Deformation Annealing Conditions

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Jin Young Jung ◽  
Kang Suk An ◽  
Pyeong Yeol Park ◽  
Won Jong Nam
Keyword(s):  
Pearlitic Steel ◽  
Salt Bath ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Annealing Conditions ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Elongation To Failure ◽  
Annealed Steel ◽  
Reduction Of Area ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lamellar Cementite

The relationship between microstructures and ductility parameters, including reduction of area, elongation to failure, occurrence of delamination, and number of turns to failure in torsion, in hypereutectoid pearlitic steel wires was investigated. The transformed steel wires at 620 °C were successively dry-drawn to drawing strains from 0.40 to 2.38. To examine the effects of hot-dip galvanizing conditions, post-deformation annealing was performed on cold drawn steel wires (ε = 0.99, 1.59, and 2.38) with a different heating time of 30–3600 s at 500 °C in a salt bath. In cold drawn wires, elongation to failure dropped due to the formation of dislocation substructures, decreased slowly due to the increase of dislocation density, and saturated with drawing strain. During annealing, elongation to failure increased due to recovery, and saturated with annealing time. The variation of elongation to failure in cold drawn and annealed steel wires would depend on the distribution of dislocations in lamellar ferrite. The orientation of lamellar cementite and the shape of cementite particles would become an effective factor controlling number of turns to failure in torsion of cold drawn and annealed steel wires. The orientation and shape of lamellar cementite would become microstructural features controlling reduction of area of cold drawn and annealed steel wires. The density of dislocations contributed to reduction of area to some extent.

Influence of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Selective Laser Melted TiAl6V4 Alloy

2018 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 615-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Baitimerov ◽  
P.A. Lykov ◽  
L.V. Radionova
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Selective Laser Melting ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Treatment Procedures

TiAl6V4 titanium base alloy is widely used in aerospace and medical industries. Specimens for tensile tests from TiAl6V4 with porosity less than 0.5% was fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM). Specimens were treated using two heat treatment procedures, third batch of specimens was tested in as-fabricated statement after machining. Tensile tests were carried out at room temperature. Microstructure and mechanical properties of SLM fabricated TiAl6V4 after different heat treatments were investigated.

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