Wind Environment Assessment in High-Density Semi-Tropical Urban Area: Analysis of Typical Space in Shenzhen, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 374-377 ◽  
pp. 1196-1200
Author(s):  
Lei Yuan ◽  
Xue Song Xu ◽  
Li Li Shao ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Jia Meng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
High Density ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
Wind Environment ◽  
Environment Assessment ◽  
Air Ventilation ◽  
The City

In this paper, CFD simulations of the wind environment of four typical urban spaces in Shenzhen are introduced. The boundary conditions for these numerical experiments and the criteria of assessment are chosen according to the geographical and meteorological characteristics of the city. The effects of different building configurations on air ventilation are discussed, which may probably give some useful information to urban planners when more comfortable and healthier spaces are expected.

Mediterranean re-Urban Planning

2015 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
pp. 903-908
Author(s):  
Emanuela Nan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
New Models ◽  
Strategy Planning ◽  
New Space ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

Starting in '90s, town planning changes from ordinary to strategy planning. The ever-increasing speed of change of the boundary conditions and the increased exponentially the variables involved continues to highlight the need for more targeted approaches and clear horizons, New planning works subdividing independent shares and spaces over time and, at the same time, defining specific projects flexible to re-adjustment and re-definition. All system of territories (networks of urban spaces and not) until now ignored, considered marginal or waste, re-discovered as potential engines of new models and horizons of development and the city (or metropolis) in key sustainable.The urban-territorial contexts Mediterranean, given their special nature and condition emerge as reference in the development of new space and systematic way.

Progress in Wind Environment and Outdoor Air Ventilation at Pedestrian Level in Urban Area

2016 ◽  
Vol 819 ◽  
pp. 236-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azli Abd Razak ◽  
Aya Hagishima ◽  
Zainol Abidin Awang Sa ◽  
Sheikh Ahmad Zaki
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Wind Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Urban Geometry ◽  
Building Geometry ◽  
Air Ventilation ◽  
Natural Wind ◽  
Made In

This paper reviews the progress made in outdoor wind environment and outdoor ventilation at pedestrian level in urban area for the past few decades until today. The focus is on the effect of wind on people at pedestrian level and how the urban geometry can influence the flow field around the building. Section 1 explains the effect of natural wind environment on comfort and safety of the pedestrian. Section 2 describes the characteristic of pedestrian wind and flow pattern around the building due to the building geometry arrangement.

scholarly journals LA CENTRALITÉ LINGUISTIQUE DU FRANÇAIS DANS L’AFFICHAGE PUBLICITAIRE À MÉDÉA EN ALGÉRIE

FRANCISOLA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Djamel HAMIDI
Keyword(s):  
Nous Avons ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Mots Clés ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Places

<p><strong>RÉSUMÉ. </strong>Ce travail s’attache à approcher l’affichage publicitaire de point de vue sociolinguistique. Plus précisément, Il s’agit de voir les langues en présence dans l’espace urbain de Médéa. Pour ce faire, sur le plan théorique, nous avons inscrit notre objet d’étude dans le champ de la sociolinguistique urbaine, discipline qui questionne les pratiques sociolangagières dans leur complexité. Sur le plan méthodologique, nous nous appuyons sur un corpus constitué d’affiches publicitaires. Par le biais de ce corpus, nous focalisons notre attention, d’abord, sur la distribution des langues en contexte urbain ; puis, nous nous intéressons à la place de la langue française dans le paysage graphique urbain. Notre intérêt est donc de vérifier le poids des langues affichées dans la ville de Médéa.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Mots-clés : </strong><em>appropriation, langue, sociolinguistique</em><em>.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><strong>ABSTRACT. </strong>This work deals with the urban publicity boards from a sociolinguistic point of view. Mainly, it does deal with the languages presented in urban places of Médéa town. For that, theoretically, we have chosen to subscribe our object of study under the urban sociolinguistic field. This later studies sociolinguistic practices with their various complexities. From a methodological side, we have chosen a corpus consists of billboards. Using that corpus, we have focused first on the distribution of the languages on urban spaces, and after that, we have dealt with the place of French in this urban area. So, our objective is to know the value of all the languages in the city of médéa.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong><em>appropriation<strong>, </strong>language, sociolinguistic.</em><strong></strong></p><p><em><br /></em></p>

scholarly journals VULNERABILITY OF ELDERLY IN THEIR HOME ENVIRONMENT AT HIGH DENSELY SETTLEMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Diananta Pramitasari ◽  
Ahmad Sarwadi
Keyword(s):  
Home Environment ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
High Density ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Space Condition ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Air Ventilation ◽  
Living Unit ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The City

Abstract_ This study basically aims to examine the vulnerability of the elderly when they are using the space in their home within a high densely settlement. Due to the high density of the urban settlement, the condition of the elderly living unit that located in the middle of settlement area is questioned. Under the condition of lack of space, actually two questions are appeared. First question is “how do the elderly residents use the space for their daily life?”. Moreover, the second question is about “is the room as well the home environment good enough for supporting the elderly daily activities and maintaining their health?” These questions are actually directing to necessary of examining the vulnerability the elderly in their own home. This study was carried out through conducting field observation and doing the individual interview in two neighborhoods located at the city center of Yogyakarta City. By interviewing the elderly residents this study identified the room or spaces that most frequently used the senior residents during their lives inside their own home. The identification then proceeds in to the assessment of the space condition especially related to the natural lighting and ventilation. This study found that in urban settlement with high density and aging population, there was subtle vulnerability existed in the spaces within the elderly’s home that most frequently used. This vulnerability was sourced at the conditions of natural lighting and fresh air ventilation that performed by the home environment properties. These physical aspects of the space considered significant since the resident houses were in very limited urban spaces. Although the vulnerability is subtle or slight, this condition indicates that the elderly residents’ health is really threatened.Keywords: Elderly; Home Environment; High Densely Settlement; Use of Space; Vulnerability.

Aerodynamic and Thermo-Chemical Assessment of a Post-Catalyst Burnout Zone Liner

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarento G. Nickolas ◽  
Suresh R. Vilayanur ◽  
Mark J. Spencer ◽  
Anthony Watts ◽  
Andrew Hamer
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Heat Transfer Analysis ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
Seal Design ◽  
Burn Out ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

A Kawasaki Heavy Industries M1A-13X engine equipped with a Xonon® Cool Combustion System was used to assess the “effectiveness” of a post-catalyst burnout zone liner. The engine is currently installed at the City of Santa Clara’s Silicon Valley Power municipal electrical generating stations and connected to the grid. Post-catalyst burnout zone liner aero-thermal design and inlet boundary conditions play an important role in achieving low CO emissions. In this particular study, these parameters have been evaluated to minimize CO emissions (by maximizing CO burnout). An aero thermal analysis was conducted using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of the liner for two distinct engine configurations. The analysis includes characterization of the inlet boundary conditions, heat transfer analysis, ignition delay time, liner residence time and the aerodynamic flow field. In addition, engine tests were used to measure and evaluate the impact of design features on CO emissions. Tests were conducted using new seal design and catalyst liner interface configurations. Results from both of these investigations were then used to determine the “effectiveness” of the liner. The CFD analysis and engine test data identified potential regions of improvement to maximize CO burnout in the Burn out Zone (BOZ) liner. These improvements included changing the inlet boundary conditions as well as modifying the BOZ geometry. Ultimately, a solution scheme was selected and changes were made to the catalyst seal design as well as the catalyst to container interface. Upon implementation, these changes yielded an improved effectiveness and extended the operating range of the engine by minimizing CO emissions.

Жизненное состояние древесных насаждений в условиях города Актобе (Казахстан)

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
S. A. Abiev ◽  
S. A. Aipeisova ◽  
N. A. Utarbaeva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Health State ◽  
Urban Habitats ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Vital State ◽  
Ulmus Laevis ◽  
Urban Conditions ◽  
The City ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

<p>The purpose of our work is to assess the health state of woody plants growing in different habitats of the city of Aktobe. We have studied the health state of arboreal and shrubby plants growing in various urban habitats; the survey was conducted during 2016-2017 by route-visual method. We performed the analysis of species diversity, abundance and density in urban area. The assessment of health state of the trees was made according to V.A. Alekseev. From your data and literature review we established that such species as Ulmus pinnato-ramosa, Acer negundo, Populus tremula, Populus nigra, and Syringa vulgaris have strong winter resistnce in the territory of Aktobe; we registered that only their apex buds and emds of the shoots were frozen in severe winters. The medium-resistant speices include Ulmus laevis and Acer platonoides. They are less plastic and suffer from late spring and early autumn frosts. The Amorpha fruticosa, Vitis vinifera, and Parthenocissus guinguefolia could be considered as the non-resistant species, since they usually freeze up to the snow cover line. The analysis of the vital state made it possible to assess the resistance to urban conditions of the majority of trees and shrubs registered in urban habitats of Aktobe. According to the preliminary data, the origin of the plant and its winter resistance are of main importance when introducing new species to urban area.</p>

Ibero-American Architecture and Urbanism

2019 ◽  
pp. 285-311
Author(s):  
Paul Niell
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
New World ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Counter Reformation ◽  
American Architecture ◽  
Political Norms ◽  
The City

The Baroque in Ibero-American Architecture and Urbanism, in parts of the Americas formerly comprising the Spanish and Portuguese empires, has been traditionally studied as a question of adherence to or deviation from a Counter-Reformation style promoted primarily by ecclesiastical institutions. This article expands upon what is meant by “Baroque” in the architecture and urbanism of the Iberian empires in the Americas. Through the analysis of urban plans, images of the city, architectural interiors and exteriors, physical urban spaces, and other forms of material culture, this article argues that Ibero-American architecture and urbanism in the age of the Baroque belonged to a phenomenon of ordering and thereby creating the “New World” as ideologically constituted colonial spaces that reified social and political norms. Furthermore, human subjects actively negotiated the spaces created by architecture and the city, making the American Baroque also part of a process of negotiating order and thereby producing American spaces.

Cyclic Breathing Simulations in Large Scale Models of the Lung Airway From the Oronasal Opening to the Terminal Bronchioles

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Keith Walters ◽  
Greg W. Burgreen ◽  
Robert L. Hester ◽  
David S. Thompson ◽  
David M. Lavallee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
Reduced Order ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Steady State Simulation ◽  
Conducting Zone

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed for unsteady periodic breathing conditions, using large-scale models of the human lung airway. The computational domain included fully coupled representations of the orotracheal region and large conducting zone up to generation four (G4) obtained from patient-specific CT data, and the small conducting zone (to G16) obtained from a stochastically generated airway tree with statistically realistic geometrical characteristics. A reduced-order geometry was used, in which several airway branches in each generation were truncated, and only select flow paths were retained to G16. The inlet and outlet flow boundaries corresponded to the oronasal opening (superior), the inlet/outlet planes in terminal bronchioles (distal), and the unresolved airway boundaries arising from the truncation procedure (intermediate). The cyclic flow was specified according to the predicted ventilation patterns for a healthy adult male at three different activity levels, supplied by the whole-body modeling software HumMod. The CFD simulations were performed using Ansys FLUENT. The mass flow distribution at the distal boundaries was prescribed using a previously documented methodology, in which the percentage of the total flow for each boundary was first determined from a steady-state simulation with an applied flow rate equal to the average during the inhalation phase of the breathing cycle. The distal pressure boundary conditions for the steady-state simulation were set using a stochastic coupling procedure to ensure physiologically realistic flow conditions. The results show that: 1) physiologically realistic flow is obtained in the model, in terms of cyclic mass conservation and approximately uniform pressure distribution in the distal airways; 2) the predicted alveolar pressure is in good agreement with previously documented values; and 3) the use of reduced-order geometry modeling allows accurate and efficient simulation of large-scale breathing lung flow, provided care is taken to use a physiologically realistic geometry and to properly address the unsteady boundary conditions.

scholarly journals Development of the city-scale chemistry transport model CityChem-EPISODE and its application to the city of Hamburg

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Karl
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Temporal Correlation ◽  
Urban Atmosphere ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Urban Background ◽  
New Model ◽  
The City

Abstract. This paper describes the City-scale Chemistry (CityChem) extension of the urban dispersion model EPISODE with the aim to enable chemistry/transport simulations of multiple reactive pollutants on urban scales. The new model is called CityChem-EPISODE. The primary focus is on the simulation of urban ozone concentrations. Ozone is produced in photochemical reaction cycles involving nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) emitted by various anthropogenic activities in the urban area. The performance of the new model was evaluated with a series of synthetic tests and with a first application to the air quality situation in the city of Hamburg, Germany. The model performs fairly well for ozone in terms of temporal correlation and bias at the air quality monitoring stations in Hamburg. In summer afternoons, when photochemical activity is highest, modelled median ozone at an inner-city urban background station was about 30 % lower than the observed median ozone. Inaccuracy of the computed photolysis frequency of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is the most probable explanation for this. CityChem-EPISODE reproduces the spatial variation of annual mean NO2 concentrations between urban background, traffic and industrial stations. However, the temporal correlation between modelled and observed hourly NO2 concentrations is weak for some of the stations. For daily mean PM10, the performance of CityChem-EPISODE is moderate due to low temporal correlation. The low correlation is linked to uncertainties in the seasonal cycle of the anthropogenic particulate matter (PM) emissions within the urban area. Missing emissions from domestic heating might be an explanation for the too low modelled PM10 in winter months. Four areas of need for improvement have been identified: (1) dry and wet deposition fluxes; (2) treatment of photochemistry in the urban atmosphere; (3) formation of secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA); and (4) formation of biogenic and anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA). The inclusion of secondary aerosol formation will allow for a better sectorial attribution of observed PM levels. Envisaged applications of the CityChem-EPISODE model are urban air quality studies, environmental impact assessment, sensitivity analysis of sector-specific emission and the assessment of local and regional emission abatement policy options.

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