Observation of Wear in Induction-Heat-Treated Bearing Steel Bars under Reciprocating Motion

Due to its high hardness and wear resistance under rolling contact, AISI E52100 steel (JIS SUJ2) is used in the manufacture of bearings and linear guides. The life estimation methods for components working under rolling contact developed up to now were designed for bearings. In this study, fatigue testing under reciprocating motion was performed and based on the microstructure, wear track investigation as well as hardness and retained austenite measurements, an evaluation method for linear guides is proposed. The results obtained from three different areas of the sample including wear tracks and non-damaged area are as follows: (1) there was little microstructure difference between the center and the end of the wear track; (2) a clear difference of the retained austenite content at the wear track and at the non-damaged area could be observed, however the percentage within different areas inside the track was similar.

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Development of Fracture Surface Etching (FSE) Method around Non-Metallic Inclusion of SUJ2 Steel

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.971.65 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 971 ◽

pp. 65-69

Author(s):

Kenya Tsuji ◽

Koshiro Mizobe ◽

Katsuyuki Kida

Keyword(s):

Fracture Surface ◽

Fatigue Testing ◽

High Hardness ◽

High Strength ◽

Bearing Steel ◽

Rolling Contact ◽

High Wear Resistance ◽

Material Microstructure ◽

Surface Etching ◽

Al2o3 Inclusion

High-carbon high-strength JIS-SUJ2 bearing steel is one of the alloys used as rolling contact applications which need high wear resistance. This high hardness material is broken from non-metallic inclusions under fatigue stress. In this work, we developed a new observation method “fracture surface etching (FSE)” in order to observe the material microstructure on the fracture surface. We succeeded to draw clear grain boundaries on the fracture surfaces and closely observed the material microstructure around the crack origins by the FSE method. We concluded that the crack initiation area boundary is not formed by only the grain boundary, and the grain size around the Al2O3 inclusion on the fracture surface was similar to that of the flat surface which does not have inclusions before fatigue testing.

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Wear Resistance of High C High Si Steel with Low Retained Austenite Content and Kinetically Activated Bainite

Metals ◽

10.3390/met10050672 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 672 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bojan Podgornik ◽

Mihael Brunčko ◽

Peter Kirbiš

Keyword(s):

Wear Resistance ◽

Retained Austenite ◽

Adhesive Wear ◽

Cold Work ◽

High Hardness ◽

Bearing Steel ◽

Austenite Content ◽

Surrounding Matrix ◽

Aisi D2 ◽

Wear Mode

A novel high C high Si carbide free bainitic steel was developed for the production of cold work tools, knives, and rolls, requiring high hardness, toughness, as well as abrasive/adhesive wear resistance and resistance to galling at low costs. The steel was tribologically tested in dry sliding conditions under abrasive and adhesive wear mode, facilitated by using alumina and bearing steel ball as a counter-material, respectively. It was determined that carbide dissolution occurs under high contact pressures, thereby enriching the surrounding matrix with carbon and locally increasing the retained austenite content. The high retained austenite at the sliding interface increases the steels work hardening capacity and promotes superior wear resistance when compared to much more alloyed cold work tool steel, such as AISI D2. The steel has a high resistance to galling as determined by sliding against a soft steel bar due to its chemical composition.

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The Quantization of the Structure of Fisheyes via Homology Method

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.307.409 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 307 ◽

pp. 409-414 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kazuaki Nakane ◽

Koshiro Mizobe ◽

Edson Costa Santos ◽

Kida Katsuyuki

Keyword(s):

Fatigue Strength ◽

Evaluation Method ◽

High Strength ◽

Bearing Steel ◽

Rolling Contact ◽

High Wear Resistance ◽

High Carbon ◽

Optical Micrograph ◽

High Fatigue ◽

Rotating Bending

Martensitic high carbon high strength SAE 52100 bearing steel is one of the main alloys used for rolling contact applications where high wear resistance are required. Due to its high fatigue strength, SAE 52100 is recently being used not only for the production of bearings but also shafts. In this work, quenched SAE 52100 steel fatigue strength under rotating bending was investigated. Especially, we focus on “fisheye around inclusion” where the fatigue crack starts. Quantitative evaluation of its optical micrograph has not been enough carried out. In order to develop easy evaluation method for the fisheye area, we apply homology technique to the optical observation.

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Effect of Repeated Induction Heating on Fatigue Crack Propagation in SAE 52100 Bearing Steel

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.217-218.1266 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 217-218 ◽

pp. 1266-1271 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Hitonobu Koike ◽

Edson Costa Santos ◽

Katsuyuki Kida ◽

Takashi Honda ◽

Justyna Rozwadowska

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Crack Propagation ◽

Induction Heating ◽

High Strength ◽

Bearing Steel ◽

Rolling Contact ◽

Heating Process ◽

Cyclic Heat Treatment ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Cyclic Heat

Martensitic high carbon high strength SAE 52100 bearing steel is one of the main alloys used for rolling contact applications when high wear and fatigue resistance are required. Refining the microstructure of steel improves its mechanical properties (e.g. toughness). In this work SAE 52100 specimens were exposed to repeated induction heating process and rotation bending tests were performed using single- and repeatedly heat-treated material in order to investigate the influence of this cyclic heat treatment on the mechanical properties of SAE 52100. In an attempt to determine the effect of the repeated induction heating and quenching on the material, we focused our observations on the internal fatigue “fisheye" cracks. It was noted that crack propagation was successfully halted by the refined microstructure in heat affected zone, therefore it can be concluded that repeated induction heating and quenching processes help to slow down the propagation of fisheye cracks in SAE52100 steel bars.

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Influence of Repeated Quenching on Bearing Steel Martensitic Structure Investigated by Homology

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.372.270 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 372 ◽

pp. 270-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kazuaki Nakane ◽

Katsuyuki Kida ◽

Takashi Honda ◽

Koshiro Mizobe ◽

Edson Costa Santos

Keyword(s):

Rolling Contact Fatigue ◽

Contact Fatigue ◽

High Strength ◽

Bearing Steel ◽

Rolling Contact ◽

High Carbon ◽

Mathematical Methods ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Laser Confocal Microscope ◽

Steel Heat

JIS SUJ2 (high carbon high strength bearing steel) heat treated by repeated quenching was investigated. The microstructure of the bearing traces was observed after heat treatment by laser confocal microscope. In this paper, by mathematical methods, we try to evaluate quantitatively this change of the structure. Homology is a branch of mathematics that allows quantitative describing characteristics of a figure by replacing the figure with algebra. Applying homology we can express the degree of the connection of the figure. Here we use homology to quantify the change of structures by repeated quenching. Keyword: Homology, Rolling contact fatigue, SUJ2, repeated quenching

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Observation of Retained Austenite Amount of Repeatedly Induction Heated SUJ2 Bearing Steels

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.867.55 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 867 ◽

pp. 55-59

Author(s):

Isamu Yoshida ◽

Katsuya Yamamoto ◽

Kenta Domura ◽

Koshiro Mizobe ◽

Katsuyuki Kida

Keyword(s):

Fatigue Strength ◽

Induction Heating ◽

Retained Austenite ◽

High Strength ◽

Bearing Steel ◽

Rolling Contact ◽

High Carbon ◽

Bearing Steels ◽

High Fatigue ◽

The Relationship

Martensitic high-carbon, high-strength bearing steel is used for rolling contact applications when high wear and fatigue resistance are required. Due to its high fatigue strength, SUJ2 is not used for only bearings but for shafts. The objective of this work is a clarification of the relationship between quenching times and retained austenite amount of SUJ2 steel. It was found that repeatedly induction heating increased the retained austenite amount, but did not change the Vickers hardness.

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Tribological Response of Heat Treated AISI 52100 Steels Against Steel and Ceramic Counterparts

Archives of Foundry Engineering ◽

10.1515/afe-2017-0119 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 222-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

E. Türedi ◽

M. Yilmaz ◽

V. Senol

Keyword(s):

Surface Characterization ◽

Wear Behavior ◽

Wear Test ◽

High Hardness ◽

Bearing Steel ◽

Wear Loss ◽

Bearing Steels ◽

Treatment Conditions ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Aisi 52100

Abstract AISI 52100 bearing steels are commonly used in applications requiring high hardness and abrasion resistance. The bearing steels are working under dynamic loads in service conditions and their toughness properties become important. In order to provide the desired mechanical properties, various heat treatments (austenizing, quenching and tempering) are usually applied. In this study, AISI 52100 bearing steel samples were austenized at 900°C for ½ h and water quenched to room temperature. Then tempering was carried out at 795°C, 400°C and 200°C for ½ h. In order to investigate the effect of heat treatment conditions on wear behavior, dry friction tests were performed according to ASTM G99-05 Standard with a ‘ball-on-disk’ type tribometer. The samples were tested against steel and ceramic counterparts using the parameters of 100 m distance and 30 N load and 0.063 m/s rotational speed. After wear test, the surface characterization was carried out using microscopy. Wear loss values were calculated using a novel optical method on both flat and counterpart specimens.

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Improvement of Rolling Contact Fatigue Life of Bearing Steel by Quenching and Partitioning Process

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.2152 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 706-709 ◽

pp. 2152-2157 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kwan Ho Kim ◽

Jae Seung Lee ◽

Duk Lak Lee

Keyword(s):

Fatigue Life ◽

Silicon Content ◽

Retained Austenite ◽

Rolling Contact Fatigue ◽

Contact Fatigue ◽

Bearing Steel ◽

Rolling Contact ◽

Quenching And Partitioning ◽

Bearing Steels ◽

Contact Fatigue Life

Over the decades, the rolling contact fatigue life of bearing steels has been enhanced mainly by the decrease in total oxygen content in the steels which was accomplished by improving steelmaking processes or facilities. However, it has almost been kept constant in the level of 5 ppm since 1990s and, therefore, it is necessary to find out other methods to enhance the RCFL. It is a well-known fact that the RCFL of bearing steels is maximized with the adequate amount of retained austenite and increasing silicon content results in the increase of the resistance to softening during tempering. In the present study, in order to take advantage of the effects of retained austenite and increasing silicon content, a new through-hardening heat treatment, quenching and partitioning (Q&P), has been chosen in place of the conventional quenching and tempering. One of the distinct differences between tempering and partitioning is no fine carbide precipitation during partitioning, leading to the stabilization of retained austenite due to the diffusion of carbon atoms from martensite, which can be realized by increasing silicon content. On the other hand, the increase of silicon content retarded the spheroidization behavior of cementites, requiring higher annealing temperature to assure the complete spheroidization. A new high carbon chromium bearing steel through-hardened by Q&P process showed superior RCFL characteristics to the conventional steel and process.

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The role of synthetic oils in controlling hydrogen permeation of rolling/sliding contacts

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/d0ra00294a ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 726-738

Author(s):

Hiroyoshi Tanaka ◽

Monica Ratoi ◽

Joichi Sugimura

Keyword(s):

Wear Rate ◽

Hydrogen Content ◽

Wear Track ◽

Hydrogen Permeation ◽

Bearing Steel ◽

Rolling Contact ◽

Sliding Contacts ◽

Base Oil ◽

Oil Type

Hydrogen content and wear rate in bearing steel under rolling contact depend on the base oil type and the composition of tribofilm they generate on the wear track.

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