Influence of Ladle Purging Plug Airway on Flow Properties of Liquid Steel

2012 ◽  
Vol 472-475 ◽  
pp. 2581-2587
Author(s):  
Yan Yan Song ◽  
Guo Qi Liu ◽  
Hong Xia Li ◽  
Wen Gang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Molten Steel ◽  
Liquid Steel ◽  
Average Velocity ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Outer Ring ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Volume Percentage ◽  
Bubble Volume ◽  
Model Experiments

The influence of the different airway structure on mixing time of molten steel are studied through using water model experiments. The bubble volume and velocity have been investigated through the PIV for different airway structure in the flow of 1m3/h. Results showed that with the slit distribution same, the smaller the slit width, the greater the volume percentage of the large bubbles and the average velocity of the bubbles in rising, but the shorter the mixing time. Reduce the number of the slit can lead to the volume percentage of the large bubbles and the average velocity of the bubbles in rising decreases, the mixing time extended, and it is more obvious to the mixing time to reduce the number of the inner slit. Inflatable volume<1.1m3/h, with the slit in the outer ring only and the number of slit same, the volume percentage and the average velocity of the large bubbles in rising is larger, the mixing time is reduced. Inflatable volume≥1.1m3/h, the slit evenly distribution is better for mixing.

Water Model Experiments on Surface Flow Velocity of Molten Steel in Slab Caster Mold

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 2735-2738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Hui Mao ◽  
Jing She Li ◽  
Xiao Chuan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Molten Steel ◽  
Casting Speed ◽  
Liquid Steel ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Immersion Depth ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Slab Caster ◽  
Model Experiments ◽  
Port Angle

Based on the slab caster mold of ChengGang Company as prototype, the water model with 1:1 scale was used to study the effects of casting speed、nozzle port angle、immersion depth、bottom structure、mold width and other parameters on the surface flow velocity of liquid steel in slab caster mold. The results show that the effect of casting speed is biggest and with increase in the casting speed, the surface flow velocity of liquid steel is prominently increased, when the mold width at 1650mm, the surface flow velocity from 0.04m/s to 0.1m/s with the casting speed from 0.7m/min increased to 1.4m/min

Bottom-Blown Stirring Technology Application in Consteel EAF

2011 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 639-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Dong ◽  
Rong Zhu ◽  
Wen Juan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Molten Steel ◽  
Basic Principle ◽  
Liquid Steel ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Heat Time ◽  
Final Slag ◽  
Stirring Effect ◽  
Lime Consumption ◽  
Bottom Blowing

Bottom blown stirring technology application in EAF was studied in this paper. The basic principle of bottom blowing process was researched, the bottom blown stirring can give strong stirring effect on the molten steel bath, thus bath mixing time was shortened, decarburization and dephosphorization were improved, however over stirring would lead to liquid steel incontact with atmosphere air. Reasonable process was considered on Consteel EAF. results show that: with bottom-blown stirring technology, decarburization and dephosphorization increase significantly; oxygen and lime consumption decrease; content of FeO in final slag reduces; and heat time becomes short.

scholarly journals Physical Simulation of Molten Steel Homogenization and Slag Entrapment in Argon Blown Ladle

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang ◽  
Jin ◽  
Zhu ◽  
Dong ◽  
Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Molten Steel ◽  
Physical Simulation ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Steel Ladle ◽  
Argon Flow Rate ◽  
Argon Flow ◽  
Slag Thickness ◽  
Slag Entrapment

Argon stirring is one of the most widely used metallurgical methods in the secondary refining process as it is economical and easy, and also an important refining method in clean steel production. Aiming at the issue of poor homogeneity of composition and temperature of a bottom argon blowing ladle molten steel in a Chinese steel mill, a 1:5 water model for 110 t ladle was established, and the mixing time and interface slag entrainment under the different conditions of injection modes, flow rates and top slag thicknesses were investigated. The flow dynamics of argon plume in steel ladle was also discussed. The results show that, as the bottom blowing argon flow rate increases, the mixing time of ladle decreases; the depth of slag entrapment increases with the argon flow rate and slag thickness; the area of slag eyes decreases with the decrease of the argon flow rate and increase of slag thickness. The optimum argon flow rate is between 36–42 m3/h, and the double porous plugs injection mode should be adopted at this time.

Study on Amplitude of the Surface of Liquid Steel in Bottom-Blowing Ladle with Immersed Tube

2013 ◽  
Vol 734-737 ◽  
pp. 1511-1515
Author(s):  
De Hui Zhang ◽  
Ming Gang Shen ◽  
Qing Hua Qi ◽  
Jin Wei Kuang
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Molten Steel ◽  
Liquid Steel ◽  
Similarity Theory ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Argon Flow Rate ◽  
Steel Making ◽  
Argon Flow ◽  
Bottom Blowing

In the process of bottom argon blowing large argon flow rate can cause vigorous fluctuations on the surface of the molten steel and splash and reoxidize the molten steel, making the slag rolled into the steel slag, also causing the erosion of the ladle lining refractories. A 1:7 ratio ladle water model system of 150 ton ladle was established from the similarity theory in the lab. Study and analyze the effects of the inserting depth and diameter of immersed tube and bottom blowing flow rate on the fluctuation of the surface of liquid steel. Results show that the fluctuations on the surface of steel can be limited effectively by changing the diameter and inserted depth of immersed tube when selecting a larger flow rate of bottom blowing, which improve the mixing effect of liquid steel.

scholarly journals Water Model Experiment on Mixing Time in a Cylindrical Bath Agitated by Swirling Molten Steel Jet

2004 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin YOSHIDA ◽  
Daisuke IGUCHI ◽  
Manabu IGUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Molten Steel ◽  
Model Experiment ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Water Model

Study on Mixing Time in Bottom-Blowing Ladle with Immersed Tube

2013 ◽  
Vol 750-752 ◽  
pp. 400-403
Author(s):  
Qing Hua Qi ◽  
Ming Gang Shen ◽  
De Hui Zhang ◽  
Tao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Molten Steel ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Refractory Materials ◽  
Steel Making ◽  
Large Flow Rate ◽  
Bottom Blowing ◽  
Large Flow

As large flow rate of argon blowing in the process of bottom argon blowing ladle will cause severe fluctuations and sprays of molten steel, making the slags surface boiled and steel secondly oxidized, melting the refractory materials in the ladle, the flow rate of bottom argon blowing is limited, which will affect the efficiency of stirring. A 1:7 ratio ladle water model is established in the lab, and we will discuss how the diameter (d) of immersed tube, inserting depth (h) and the rate of bottom argon blowing affect the mixing time. The results show that the fluctuations on the steel surface can be diminished by the variations of diameters of immersed tube and inserting depth, the mixing time can be shorted by the increased flow rate of bottom argon blowing.

scholarly journals Evolution of the Numerical Model Describing the Distribution of Non-Metallic Inclusions in the Tundish

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2229
Author(s):  
Tomasz Merder ◽  
Jacek Pieprzyca ◽  
Marek Warzecha ◽  
Piotr Warzecha ◽  
Artur Hutny
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Liquid Steel ◽  
Nonmetallic Inclusions ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Working Space ◽  
Production Stages ◽  
Steel Flow ◽  
Flow Controllers

Continuous casting is one of the steel production stages, during which the improvement in the metallurgical purity of steel can be additionally affected by removing nonmetallic inclusions (NMIs). This can be achieved by means of various types of flow controllers, installed in the working space of the tundish. The change in the steel flow structure, caused by those flow controllers, should lead to an intensification of NMIs removal from the liquid metal to the slag. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the behavior of nonmetallic inclusions during the flow of liquid steel through the tundish, and particularly during their distribution. The presented paper reports the results of the modeling studies of NMI distribution in liquid steel, flowing through the tundish. CFD modeling methods—using different models and computation variants—were employed in the study. The obtained CFD results were compared with the results of laboratory tests (using a tundish water model). The results of the performed investigations allow us to compare both methods of modeling; the investigated phenomena were microparticle distribution and mass microparticle concentration in the model fluid. The validation of the CFD results verified the analyzed computation variants. The aim of the research was to determine which numerical model is the best for describing the studied phenomenon. This will be used as the first phase of a larger research program which will provide for a comprehensive study of the distribution of NMIs flowing through tundish steel.

scholarly journals New Insight on Liquid Steel Microalloying by Pulse-Step Method in Two-Strand Slab Tundish by Numerical Simulations

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 448
Author(s):  
Adam Cwudziński
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Steel ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Flow Control Devices ◽  
Alloy Addition ◽  
Interesting Approach ◽  
Control Devices ◽  
Steel Flow ◽  
Alloy Concentration

Developing a technology for introducing alloy addition to liquid steel during the course of continuous casting process seems to be an interesting approach to enhancing the steelmaking process, especially as the effective introduction of micro-additives or non-metallic inclusion modifiers to the liquid steel is the key to the production of the highest-quality steel. This paper presents the results of investigation describing the process of liquid steel chemical homogenisation in the two-strand slab tundish. The alloy was fed to liquid steel by pulse-step method. Five tundish equipment variants with different flow control devices and alloy addition feeding positions were considered. The paper includes fields of liquid steel flow, alloy concentration vs. time curves, dimensionless mixing time, minimum time values and alloy concentration deviations at tundish outlets. The results pointed much more effectively with liquid steel mixing nickel than aluminium. For aluminium obtaining a 95% chemical homogenisation level requires three-fold more time. Moreover, it is definitely beneficial for chemical homogenisation to initiate the alloying process simultaneously in two sites. This procedure generates, among others, the least alloy deviation of concentration at tundish outlets.

scholarly journals Study of the Effect of a Plug with Torsion Channels on the Mixing Time in a Continuous Casting Ladle Water Model

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1942
Author(s):  
Gerardo Aguilar ◽  
Gildardo Solorio-Diaz ◽  
Alicia Aguilar-Corona ◽  
José Angel Ramos-Banderas ◽  
Constantin A. Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Casting ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Tangential Velocity ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Mixing Times ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Velocity Magnitude ◽  
Image Velocimetry ◽  
Casting Ladle ◽  
Upward Direction

The use of porous plugs in injecting gas through the bottom of a ladle forms vertical plumes in a very similar way to a truncated cone. The gas plume when exiting the plug has a smaller diameter compared to that formed in the upper zone of the ladle because inertial forces predominate over buoyancy forces in this zone. In addition, the magnitude of the plume velocity is concentrated in an upward direction, which increases the likelihood of low velocity zones forming near the bottom of the ladle, especially in lower corners. In this work, a plug with spiral-shaped channels with different torsion angles is proposed, with the objective that the gas, when passing through them, has a tangential velocity gain or that the velocity magnitude is distributed in the three axes and does not just focus on the upward direction, helping to decrease low velocity zones near the bottom of the ladle for better mixing times. For the experimentation, we worked in a continuous casting ladle water model with two configuration injections, which in previous works were reported as the most efficient in mixing the steel in this ladle. The results obtained using the PIV technique (particle image velocimetry) and conductimetry technique indicate that the plugs with the torsion channels at angles of 60° and 120° improve the mixing times for the two injection configurations.

Thermodynamic Characteristics of Y2O3 and Y2S3 Nonmetallic Phase Formed in Liquid Steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 9-23
Author(s):  
Sergii Gerasin ◽  
Dorota Kalisz ◽  
Jerzy Iwanciw
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Molten Steel ◽  
Liquid Steel ◽  
Thermodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Phase Precipitation ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Metallic Oxide ◽  
Metal Bath ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
The Relationship

The current work deals the phenomenon of non-metallic inclusions as a result of the addition of Yttrium as an alloying component. The order of introducing individual components determines its final content in steel. This problem was analyzed using the WYK_Stal program developed at AGH-UST. Individual cases were considered using the accepted thermodynamics models based on Wagner’s formalism. The study of Y2O3 and Y2S3 phase precipitation and the relationship between the addition of Y, Al, Ca, O and S in molten steel was studied using the thermodynamic models. Based on the simulation, the authors stated that, the introduction of aluminum as the final deoxidizer into the liquid steel before the yttrium, results in the formation of non-metallic oxide inclusions. The low oxygen content in the metal bath promotes the formation of yttrium sulphide. In the case of calcium dosing, it is reasonable that, the yttrium is introduced after this element, which limits the losses on the formation of the yttrium sulphide phase.

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