The Effects of Soft Leaching with Low Molecular Weight Organic Acids on Soil P Release Characteristics

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 2900-2905
Author(s):  
Chen Feng ◽  
Li Yan ◽  
Dan Song ◽  
Lian Zhu Guan
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Column Leaching ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Concentration

A soil column leaching experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of citric, oxalic and acetic acid on release characteristics of phosphorus. The results showed that for 5 mmol/L organic acid concentration, the ability of three organic acid to activate phosphorus in the soil was at the order of: citric>acetic>oxalic acid. Different treatments result in various phosphorus release characteristics. For citric acid treatment, phosphorus concentrations of effluents increased with effluent volume at the begining, there was a comparatively steady state at high level during 1000-3050 ml leachate volume after reached the highest value, then P concentration declined and became lower than the detection limit finally. For the oxalic acid, a regular decrease of P concentration was observed during the column leaching, and it droped to extremely low concentration rapidly. During the column leaching with acetic acid, the amount of P in the effluents initially increased, and then declined gradually. Though Pmaxand Pmax/T are not significantly higher than the values of oxalic acid treatment and CK, acetic acid treatment showed a relatively strong sustainability during column study. The variations of pH during column leaching with citric, oxalic and acetic acid followed the trend: citric>acetic>oxalic acid, which is the same as the order of the mobilizing ability of organic acids for phosphorus.

scholarly journals Organic Acid Profile of “Batuan” (Garcinia binucao [Blco] Choisy) Fruit

2017 ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Quevedo ◽  
Erlinda Dizon ◽  
Florinia Merca
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Fumaric Acid ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Organic Acid Profile

“Batuan” fruit (Garcinia binucao [Blco.] Choisy), an indigenous acidulant grown in the Visayas State University, Baybay City, Leyte was analyzed for its organic acid profile at different stages of maturity for the development of potential food and non-food products. The analysis of organic acid content was done using Reverse Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Organic acids in the dried, powdered “batuan” fruit samples were extracted with the mobile phase (50mM KH2PO4/ H3PO4, pH2.8). The sample extracts and organic acid standards (oxalic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, and succinic acid) were injected to RP-HPLC under isocratic elution with the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0mL min-1 and using UV-vis detection at 210nm. “Batuan” fruit samples contain oxalic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, and a few unidentified organic acids. Among the organic acids present, citric acid accumulated the highest in the ripe “batuan” fruit; fumaric acid, the least. Results of this study show that “batuan” fruit could be a good natural source of acidulant for food and non-food applications.

scholarly journals Sugars, organic acids, minerals and lipids in jabuticaba

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 540-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annete de Jesus Boari Lima ◽  
Angelita Duarte Corrêa ◽  
Ana Maria Dantas-Barros ◽  
David Lee Nelson ◽  
Ana Carolina Lourenço Amorim
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Mineral Compositions

The aim of this work was to determine the sugar, organic acid and mineral compositions of the whole fruit and fractions (skin, pulp and seed) of the Paulista (Plinia cauliflora) and Sabará (Plinia jaboticaba) jabuticaba tree genotypes, as well as the oil compositions of their skin and seeds. High levels of sugar, especially fructose, followed by glucose and sucrose, were encountered in the fruit. In the Paulista genotype, higher levels of total and reducing sugars were found in the pulp and skin, which was not observed when comparing the whole fruit of both genotypes. Five organic acids were found in the whole fruit and in the fractions of the two jabuticaba genotypes in quantitative order: citric acid > succinic acid > malic acid > oxalic acid > acetic acid. Potassium was the most abundant mineral found. This fruit was also shown to be rich in magnesium, phosphorus, calcium and copper. The seed oil had nearly the same constitution as the oil extracted from the skin in both genotypes and the major compounds were an unidentified phytosterol, palmitic, linoleic and oleic acids, and squalene.

scholarly journals Characterization of Aerosol Composition, Aerosol Acidity and Organic Acid Partitioning at an Agriculture-Intensive Rural Southeastern U.S. Site

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodora Nah ◽  
Hongyu Guo ◽  
Amy P. Sullivan ◽  
Yunle Chen ◽  
David J. Tanner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Molar Concentration ◽  
Particle Phase ◽  
Aerosol Composition ◽  
Phase Water ◽  
Acetic Acids

Abstract. The implementation of stringent emission regulations has resulted in the decline of anthropogenic pollutants including sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO). In contrast, ammonia (NH3) emissions are largely unregulated, with emissions projected to increase in the future. We present real-time aerosol and gas measurements from a field study conducted in an agricultural-intensive region in the southeastern U.S. during the fall of 2016 to investigate how NH3 affects particle acidity and SOA formation via the gas-particle partitioning of semi-volatile organic acids. Particle water and pH were determined using the ISORROPIA-II thermodynamic model and validated by comparing predicted inorganic HNO3-NO3− and NH3-NH4+ gas-particle partitioning ratios with measured values. Our results showed that despite the high NH3 concentrations (study average 8.1 ± 5.2 ppb), PM1 were highly acidic with pH values ranging from 0.9 to 3.8, and a study-averaged pH of 2.2 ± 0.6. PM1 pH varied by approximately 1.4 units diurnally. Formic and acetic acids were the most abundant gas-phase organic acids, and oxalate was the most abundant particle-phase water-soluble organic acid anion. Measured particle-phase water-soluble organic acids were on average 6 % of the total non-refractory PM1 organic aerosol mass. The measured molar fraction of oxalic acid in the particle phase (i.e., particle-phase oxalic acid molar concentration divided by the total oxalic acid molar concentration) ranged between 47 and 90 % for PM1 pH 1.2 to 3.4. The measured oxalic acid gas-particle partitioning ratios were in good agreement with their corresponding thermodynamic predictions, calculated based on oxalic acid’s physicochemical properties, ambient temperature, particle water and pH. In contrast, gas-particle partitioning of formic and acetic acids were not well predicted for reasons currently unknown. For this study, higher NH3 concentrations relative to what has been measured in the region in previous studies had minor effects on PM1 organic acids and their influence on the overall organic aerosol and PM1 mass concentrations.

scholarly journals Treatment of Whole-Plant Corn Silage With Lactic Acid Bacteria and Organic Acid Enhances Quality by Elevating Acid Content, Reducing pH, and Inhibiting Undesirable Microorganisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu-gui Jiang ◽  
Hai-jian Cheng ◽  
Dong Liu ◽  
Chen Wei ◽  
Wen-juan An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Fresh Material ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Lactic Acid Content

We investigated the variation in microbial community and fermentation characteristics of whole-plant corn silage after treatment with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and organic acids. The fresh corn forages were treated with a combination of L. acidophilus and L. plantarum (106 CFU/g fresh material) or a 7:1:2 ratio of formic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid (6 mL/g fresh material) followed by 45 or 90 days of ensiling. Silages treated with LAB showed increased lactic acid content and decreased pH after 45 days. Although treatment with LAB or organic acids decreased the common and unique operational taxonomic units, indicating a reduction in microbial diversity, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus was elevated after 45 and 90 days compared with control, which was more distinct in the organic acid groups. Moreover, we found higher levels of acetic acid and increased abundance of Acetobacter in silages treated with organic acids whereas undesirable microorganisms such as Klebsiella, Paenibacillus, and Enterobacter were reduced. In summary, the quality of corn silages was improved by LAB or organic acid treatment in which LAB more effectively enhanced lactic acid content and reduced pH while organic acid inhibited the growth of undesirable microorganisms.

Effects and Mechanism of Organic Acids on Aluminum Availability of Dark Brown Forest Soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 393-395 ◽  
pp. 709-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Xing Cui ◽  
Jin Feng Song ◽  
Ya Fen Guo ◽  
Jin Zhong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Organic Salt ◽  
Brown Forest Soil ◽  
Organic Salts ◽  
Complexation Reactions

The effects and mechanism of different concentration organic acids and organic salts solution on Al availability of dark brown forest soil were studied. It was resulted that, oxalic acid/oxalate and citric acid/citrate substantially stimulated soil Al release of dark brown forest soil. The effect of organic acids/salts on Al release would be strengthen with increasing of their concentrations.The contents of Al released from A1 horizon was higher than that from B horizon. Organic salt solutions had much higher effects than organic acid the same in concentration, i.e. citrate>citric acid, oxalate>oxalic acid. Therefore, the mechanism of organic acid/salts triggering release of soil Al was assumed to be dominated by complexation reactions of organic anions. Citric acid/ citrate had much higher effect than oxalic acid/ oxalate at same concentration to A1 and B horizons, i.e. citrate> oxalate, citric acid>oxalic acid, which was primarily related with the greater complexing capacities and dissociation constants of citric acid.

Effects of EDTA and Organic Acids on Cd Desorption from Zhangshi Irrigation Area Soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 1566-1569
Author(s):  
Hui Zhou ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Miao Liu ◽  
Shi Liang Li ◽  
Qian Qian Li
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Shenyang City

The effects of the added EDTA and organic acids (oxalic acid, tartaric acid and acetic acid) on Cd desorption of Zhangshi Irrigation Area (ZIR)contaminated soil of Shenyang city was investigated by batch balance experiments, in which the concentrations of acids, pH and temperature were examined. The results showed that EDTA, oxalic acid, tartaric acid and acetic acid modified the desorption behaviors of Cd. And the desorption level was EDTA>tartaric acid >oxalic acid >acetic acid. Also, the desorption amount of Cd increased with the concentration ranges from 5 to 40mmol/L; the desorbed amount obviously reduced with elevating pH when the pH was below 6; the adsorption was facilitated and the desorption was weakened when the pH was above 6. In addition, the Cd desorption amount raised with the temperature increasing.

scholarly journals Performance, egg quality, and sensory analysis of the eggs of quails fed whole rice bran stabilized with organic acids and stored for different amounts of time

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
E. Gopinger ◽  
C. Bavaresco ◽  
V. Ziegler ◽  
J.S. Lemes ◽  
D.C.N. Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
And Storage

Whole rice bran (WRB) was added to Japanese quail feed, and the effects of stabilization of the WRB with organic acids and its storage for different amounts of time were evaluated with respect to performance and egg quality, centesimal composition, and sensory characteristics. We used 150 90-d-old Japanese quails. We had a 5 × 2 factorial scheme of five storage periods (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 d), with and without organic acid treatment. To replace corn, 20% WRB was added to the diet. Feed consumption increased for up to 71 d of bran storage (P = 0.01) and then subsequently decreased. An increasing quadratic relationship was observed between egg mass and storage time for up to 71 d of storage (P = 0.03); egg mass then decreased thereafter. The specific gravity of the eggs produced by birds that received treated WRB at 0 d of storage was greater than those of eggs produced by birds that received treated WRB after 90 d of storage. In conclusion, the organic acid treatment maintained the quality of the WRB over up to 120 d of storage and could comprise 20% of the laying quails’ diet without affecting growth performance, egg quality, bromatological composition, or the sensory attributes of the eggs.

scholarly journals Vibriosis and Aeromonas infection in shrimp: Isolation, sequencing, and control

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanaa Mohamed Fadel ◽  
Maather M.M. El-Lamie
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Lemon Juice ◽  
Aeromonas Species ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Refrigerator Temperature

Background and Aim: Shrimp is one of the most commonly consumed types of seafood. It is a very nutritious healthy food. Shrimp is low in calories and rich in protein and healthy fats. It also contains a treasure trove of vitamins and minerals. On the negative side, it may be affected by many bacterial diseases which affect its health. Furthermore, it may be incriminated as a vector of foodborne illnesses that range from mild gastrointestinal upset to life-threatening diseases. This study was designed to assess the clinical picture and zoonotic importance of vibriosis and Aeromonas infection in live shrimp and to study the antibacterial effect of citric acid (lemon juice) and acetic acid (vinegar) on these pathogens. Materials and Methods: A total of 170 live shrimp (Metapenaeus monoceros) samples were collected from Suez City, Egypt. The samples were examined clinically, and then, they were enriched into alkaline peptone water and cultivated on thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose agar and ampicillin MacConkey agar for the isolation of Vibrio and Aeromonas species, respectively. The recovered isolates were confirmed biochemically and genotypically using duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. The germicidal effects of vinegar and lemon on artificially contaminated shrimp samples with Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrio parahaemolyticus at different times (0.25, 1, 1.5, and 24 h) and temperatures (5° and 30°C) were studied. Results: The results revealed that some of the infected shrimp were hypoxic, lethargic with abnormal swimming behavior. In most cases, body appendages, telsons, uropods, and gills took black coloration. In addition, the hepatopancreas appeared soft, swollen, and congested. The prevalence rates of vibriosis in each of the musculature and hepatopancreas were 4.7%, while the prevalence rates of Aeromonas infection in the musculature and hepatopancreas were 11.8% and 11.2%, respectively. Duplex PCR showed that Aeromonas isolates gave double bands: 237 bp specific for gcat and 500 bp specific for 16S rRNA, while Vibrio spp. and Plesiomonas shigelloides isolates gave single band at 500 bp. The effect of organic acid treatment showed that acetic acid (vinegar 5%) had increasing reduction rates that reached its maximum level after 24 h; where it caused (100% inhibition) for A. hydrophila at both temperatures and (33.63% and 60% inhibition) for V. parahaemolyticus at refrigerator and room temperatures, respectively. Moreover, acetic acid was more effective at room temperature than at refrigerator temperature. Concerning the effect of lemon juice (citric acid), it was more effective than acetic acid at short marination (0.25 and 1 h) at both temperatures for the two pathogens. Moreover, lemon was more effective at refrigerator temperature than at room temperature at the same aforementioned time. The difference between the reduction effects of the two acids on both pathogens was statistically significant (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Overall, the examined shrimp samples were found to be vectors for Vibrio and Aeromonas spp. Application of hygienic measures during handling and cooking of shrimp should be esteemed. The organic acid treatment trial showed that vinegar and lemon juice can be used as a safe and economic method to limit the microbial contamination in seafood.

scholarly journals Comparative Studies of Inhibitory and Antioxidant Activities, and Organic Acids Compositions of Postbiotics Produced by Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strains Isolated From Malaysian Foods

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Mei Chang ◽  
Hooi Ling Foo ◽  
Teck Chwen Loh ◽  
Eric Teik Chung Lim ◽  
Nur Elina Abdul Mutalib
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Caproic Acid ◽  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
Mrs Medium ◽  
Fermentation Media

Despite inflammation being a protective natural defense against imbalance stressors in the body, chronic inflammation could lead to the deterioration of immune response, low production, and poor performance in livestock as well as severe economic losses to the farmers. Postbiotics produced by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum has been reported recently to be a natural source of antioxidant, promoting growth performance, anti-inflammation, and immune responses. However, the effects of fermentation media on the compositions of L. plantarum postbiotic have not been reported elsewhere. Hence, a comparative study was conducted to compare the volatile compounds, organic acid composition, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of postbiotics produced by six strains of L. plantarum cultivated by using formulated media and the commercial de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) medium as a control. Postbiotics RG14, RI11, and UL4 produced by using formulated media exhibited higher inhibitory activity against Pediococcus acidilactici 446, Escherichia coli E-30, Salmonella enterica CS3, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci except for Listeria monocytogenes LS55. As for the antioxidant activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was enhanced in formulated media, whereas reducing power activity was the highest in postbiotic RI11. Three organic acids, namely, acetic acid, caproic acid, and lactic acid, were detected in the postbiotic produced by various L. plantarum strains. The concentration of acetic acid was influenced by the fermentation media, whereas caproic acid was detected as the highest in postbiotic RG11. Lactic acid was the predominant compound detected in all the postbiotics and had the significantly highest concentration in postbiotic RS5 when produced by using the MRS medium. Intermediary and pyrrole compounds were the other main compounds that were detected by using GC-MS. Positive correlations were found between organic acid production and inhibitory activity, as well as antioxidant activity exhibited by postbiotics. In conclusion, the compositions and functional characteristics of postbiotics produced by the six strains of L. plantarum were strain-dependent and affected greatly by the fermentation medium. The effects of postbiotic composition on the functional characteristics of postbiotics were elucidated in this study to warrant their applications as a promising beneficial natural growth promoter for the livestock industry.

scholarly journals Padi toleran Fe pada sawah bukaan baru

Jurnal BiBieT ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunadi Sunadi
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Factorial Experiments ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Salinity Stress Tolerance ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Organic Acid Exudation

<p>This research aims to study the differences in the mechanism of salinity stress tolerance in rice varieties from the aspect of organic acid exudation and accumulation. Research was conducted in March to November 2010, at the Laboratory Kopertis Region X. This two-factor factorial experiments using Completely Randomized Design with three replications. The first factor is selected rice varieties, namely: P1 = Cirata; P2 = Cisadane; P3 = Widas; P4 = P5 = IR66 and Membromo. The second factor is the concentration of NaCl, namely: G0 = 0.0 ppm NaCl at pH 4.0 (control), and G1 = 4000 ppm NaCl at pH 4.0. The results showed that, the mechanism of tolerance in rice varieties occur through the mechanism of accumulation and exudation of organic acids. Accumulation and exudation of organic acids, such as Oxalic Acid, Malic, Citrate and Acetate in rice varieties was seized NaCl, can be used as a reference to determine the varieties tolerant and sensitive to stress, Na + and Cl<sup>-</sup> in screening of plants in determining tolerance (sensitive or tolerant), especially for varieties of rice plants.</p>

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