Extraction of Silk Protein from Middle Silk Gland of B.mori for Preparation of 3-D Scaffold

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 1729-1736
Author(s):  
Ya Jun Shuai ◽  
Pan Hui ◽  
Wen He ◽  
Si Jia Min ◽  
Liang Jun Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Silk Gland ◽  
Silk Protein ◽  
Water Absorbency ◽  
Native Protein ◽  
Protein Solution ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Β Sheet

In this paper, 3-D scaffolds were prepared using native protein solution extracted from middle silk gland of B.mori silkworm (SS). The distribution of pore in 3-D scaffold was homogeneous, and the pore size decreased with increase in the concentration of SS. By changing the concentration from 1.7%, 3.5% to 7%, the porosity rate of scaffolds was 95%, 94% and 91%, respectively. The water absorbency apparently decreases and the water retention rate increases with increase in the concentration of SS. The scaffolds prepared from SS with concentration of 3.5% and 7% have higher strength, on the contrary, the scaffolds prepared from SS with low concentration 1.7% shows higher elasticity. FTIR spectra indicated that SS mainly adopted β-sheet conformation. This paper proposed one green way to extract silk protein from the silk gland of B.mori silkworm and prepare its corresponding scaffolds. It seems meaning to provide implication to develop silk-based biomaterials.

scholarly journals Interfacial Crystallization and Supramolecular Self-Assembly of Spider Silk Inspired Protein at the Water-Air Interface

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4239
Author(s):  
Pezhman Mohammadi ◽  
Fabian Zemke ◽  
Wolfgang Wagermaier ◽  
Markus B. Linder
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Spider Silk ◽  
Assembly Process ◽  
Protein Solution ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Macromolecular Assembly ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Air Interface ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Β Sheet

Macromolecular assembly into complex morphologies and architectural shapes is an area of fundamental research and technological innovation. In this work, we investigate the self-assembly process of recombinantly produced protein inspired by spider silk (spidroin). To elucidate the first steps of the assembly process, we examined highly concentrated and viscous pendant droplets of this protein in air. We show how the protein self-assembles and crystallizes at the water–air interface into a relatively thick and highly elastic skin. Using time-resolved in situ synchrotron X-ray scattering measurements during the drying process, we showed that the skin evolved to contain a high β-sheet amount over time. We also found that β-sheet formation strongly depended on protein concentration and relative humidity. These had a strong influence not only on the amount, but also on the ordering of these structures during the β-sheet formation process. We also showed how the skin around pendant droplets can serve as a reservoir for attaining liquid–liquid phase separation and coacervation from the dilute protein solution. Essentially, this study shows a new assembly route which could be optimized for the synthesis of new materials from a dilute protein solution and determine the properties of the final products.

The effects of biochar on soil physical properties and winter wheat growth

2012 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel C. Devereux ◽  
Craig J. Sturrock ◽  
Sacha J. Mooney
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Wetting Ability ◽  
X Ray Computed

ABSTRACTBiochar has been reported to improve soil quality and crop yield; however, less is known about its effects on the physical and, in particular, structural properties of soil. This study examines the potential ability of biochar to improve water retention and crop growth through a pot trial using biochar concentrations of 0%, 1·5%, 2·5% and 5% w/w. X-ray computed tomography was used to measure soil structure via pore size characteristics; this showed that pore size is significantly affected by biochar concentration. Increasing biochar is associated with decreasing average pore size, which we hypothesise would impact heavily on hydraulic performance. At the end of the experiment, average pore size had decreased from 0·07 mm2 in the 0% biochar soil to 0·046 mm2 in the 5% biochar soil. Increased biochar concentration also significantly decreases saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil bulk density. It was also observed that increased biochar significantly decreases soil water repellency. Increased water retention was also observed at low matric potentials, where it was shown that increased biochar is able to retain more water as the soil dried out. The application of biochar had little effect on short-term (<10 weeks) wheat growth, but did improve water retention through a change in soil porosity, pore size, bulk density and wetting ability.

Preparation and Swelling Properties of P(AMPS-co-AM)/ Attapulgite Clay Superabsorbent Composite by Microwave Irradiation

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 2394-2398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Hong Xu ◽  
De Xin Tan ◽  
Ling Yan Yan ◽  
Zhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Water Absorbency ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
Superabsorbent Composite ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Attapulgite Clay

A novel poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropa-nesulfonicacid-co-acrylamide) / attapulgite (P(AMPS-co-AM)/APT) high-salt superabsorbent composite was synthesized through graft polymerization in aqueous solution by microwave irradiation. The structure of the composite was characterized by infrared spectra (FTIR).The influence of the content of monomer, microwave power and the ratio of attapulgite clay on water absorbency was investigated. The swelling behaviors and the water retention of Superabsorbent resin with different APT content were also examined. The results show that the graft copolymerization took place between APT and organic monomers. Adding an appropriate amount of APT in resin can effectively improve the absorption capacity and salt-water performance. Microwave power is 390W, APT amount is 7.5% (mass fraction),The water absorbency of resin in distilled water and 0.9wt% NaCl were 1460g / g and 114 g / g. The resin has a faster absorption rate and strong water retention, the appropriate increase the amount of APT can significantly speed up the rate of the resin absorbent and improve its water retention.

scholarly journals Properties of Degraded Waste PET-Modified Styrene-Acrylic Emulsions for Cement Slurry Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jinxi Dou ◽  
Guijin Zhang ◽  
Sufang Li ◽  
Chengyu Tian ◽  
Cunlu Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Cement Slurry ◽  
Acrylic Emulsion ◽  
Water Reduction ◽  
Setting Times ◽  
Lower Permeability

The properties of a modified cement slurry based on degraded waste PET-modified styrene-acrylic emulsions are studied. The effects of the modified styrene-acrylic emulsion on water consumption, setting time, retarding effect, water retention, impermeability, and mechanical properties of the cement slurry are comprehensively studied. The results show that the modified styrene-acrylic emulsion has the following impacts on the cement slurry: it significantly reduces the water consumption required to reach a standard consistency, slows down the initial and final setting times, and greatly improves the water retention rate and water reduction rate. When the content of modified styrene-acrylic emulsion is 7.5%, the water reduction rate is 36% and the water retention rate is 97%. The solidified cement slurry with a modified styrene-acrylic emulsion content less than 7.5% has lower permeability and higher flexural strength than a common cement slurry. The compressive strength is reduced but can still reach required values. According to SEM observations, the modified styrene-acrylic emulsion can enhance the bonding strength between the cement particles, reduce the porosity of the structure, and improve the performance of cement-based composites.

scholarly journals Development of Interlocking Concrete Blocks with Added Sugarcane Residues

Fibers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Ribeiro ◽  
Tadaaki Uchiyama ◽  
Jun Tomiyama ◽  
Takashi Yamamoto ◽  
Yosuke Yamashiki
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
High Water ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Bagasse Fiber

The use of sugarcane residues in mortar and concrete is believed to contribute to a reduction of costs and environmental problems, such as the reduction of mining of natural aggregates and incorrect disposal of the sugarcane residues. Bagasse fiber has a high water retention rate and thus may be considered as a countermeasure for urban heat islands. Because of these properties, bagasse fiber and bagasse sand were added into the preparation of the interlocking concrete blocks. An investigation of the flexural strength and the contribution of the sugarcane residues against an urban heat island was made. The results showed that, by adding 2.0% of bagasse fiber and 5.0% of bagasse sand in concrete, the flexural strength and the water retention content increased in comparison to the control composite. Moreover, the surface temperature and the water evaporation rate of the blocks were smaller in comparison to the control composite.

scholarly journals Silk Protein Solution: A Natural Example of Sticky Reptation

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 2669-2676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charley Schaefer ◽  
Peter R. Laity ◽  
Chris Holland ◽  
Tom C. B. McLeish
Keyword(s):  
Silk Protein ◽  
Protein Solution

scholarly journals Accounting for evolving pore size distribution in water retention models for compacted clays

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 702-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Della Vecchia ◽  
Anne-Catherine Dieudonné ◽  
Cristina Jommi ◽  
Robert Charlier
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size Distribution ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Retention Models ◽  
Compacted Clays

scholarly journals Prediction of soil water retention properties using pore-size distribution and porosity

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher T.S. Beckett ◽  
Charles E. Augarde
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size Distribution ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Adsorbed Water ◽  
Retention Data ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Pore Size Distributions ◽  
Water Retention Properties

Several models have been suggested to link a soil's pore-size distribution to its retention properties. This paper presents a method that builds on previous techniques by incorporating porosity and particles of different sizes, shapes, and separation distances to predict soil water retention properties. Mechanisms are suggested for the determination of both the main drying and wetting paths, which incorporate an adsorbed water phase and retention hysteresis. Predicted results are then compared with measured retention data to validate the model and to provide a foundation for discussing the validity and limitations of using pore-size distributions to predict retention properties.

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