The Preparation and Characterization of Electroless Copperplating Low- Temperature Expandable Graphite

2012 ◽  
Vol 557-559 ◽  
pp. 1492-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Mei Lin ◽  
Jian Shen ◽  
Shao Xiong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Wave Attenuation ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Expandable Graphite ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Wave Dynamics ◽  
Plating Method ◽  
Improvement Effect ◽  
Lower Temperature

Copper coating was deposited on the surface of low-temperature expandable graphite (LTEG) by electroless plating method. The effects of reaction temperature, Ni2+ concentration and pH value on the copper deposited low-temperature expandable graphite (CDLTEG) were discussed. The experimental results show that reaction temperature of 65~70°C, Ni2+ concentration of 0.006mol/L~0.008mol/L and pH value of 9~10 are the ideal reaction condition for CDLTEG. X ray diffraction analysis indicates that perfect copper cladding can be coated on LTEG through chemically plating method. It is found by thermogravimetric analysis that the depositing process of copper upon LTEG is exothermic. the oxidation of copper would obviously occur when temperature is higher than 270.8 °C, so CDLTEG should be expanded to prepare its expanded outcome at a lower temperature than 270.8 °C. The 3 mm wave dynamics test makes it clear that deposited copper has an obvious improvement effect on 3mm wave attenuation performance of LTEG.

Morphology Change in Cuprous Oxide Particle Synthesis with PVP: Effect of Reaction Temperature

2013 ◽  
Vol 873 ◽  
pp. 147-151
Author(s):  
Cheng Dong Wang ◽  
Ji Qian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Cuprous Oxide ◽  
Oxide Particle ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Red Shift ◽  
Reaction Condition ◽  
Lower Temperature

Cuprous oxides with different morphologies could be prepared by simply changing the reaction condition, such as the temperature. Here, we report the Cu2O morphological transforming from polyhedron to cube with the reaction temperature increasing from 35C to 65C. At lower temperature, the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) working as a crystal modifier which decreases the surface energy of facets (111) and (110), thus these high energy facets appear in relative low temperature. Facets (111) and (110) gradually diminished along with temperature increasing, while facet (100) expanded. The morphology became into cube from polyhedron. Cu2O particles synthesized at 65C are larger than those at 35C. The UV-Vis extinction bands of the cuprous oxide synthesized in this research were red-shift with the increase of particle size.

scholarly journals Facile Synthesis of Cauliflower Leaves Biochar at Low Temperature in the Air Atmosphere for Cu(II) and Pb(II) Removal from Water

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qilong Ge ◽  
Qi Tian ◽  
Muhammad Moeen ◽  
Sufang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Competitive Sorption ◽  
Complexation Reaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
And Performance

In this study, a facile and low-cost method for biochar (CLB) preparation from vegetable waste (cauliflower leaves) was developed at a low temperature (120 °C) in the air atmosphere. The prepared mechanism, adsorption mechanism, and performance of CLB for Cu(II) and Pb(II) sorption were investigated using Scanning electron microscopy- energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), and a series of sorption experiments. Then the CLB was subjected to single and double element sorption studies to examine the effect of pH value on the Cu(II)/Pb(II) sorption capacities and then competitive sorption priority. There are both more hydroxyl (–OH) and carboxyl (–COOH) functional groups on the surface of CLB compared to those from control (without H3PO4 impregnation), resulting in more ion exchanges and complexation reaction for CLB with Cu(II) and Pb(II). Besides, the phosphorus-containing groups (e.g., P = OOH, P = O.), which newly formed with H3PO4 impregnation, could also enhance sorption, especially for Pb(II), this way leaded to its adsorption and precipitation as Pb5(PO4)3OH crystals. The performance of maximum adsorption capacities of CLB toward Cu(II) and Pb(II) were 81.43 and 224.60 mg/g, respectively. This sorption was slightly pH-dependent, except that the sorption capacity improved significantly as the pH value of the solution increased from 2 to 4. Competitive sorption experiment confirmed that Pb(II) had a higher sorption priority than Cu(II).

Preparation and Adsorption Property of Nano-Rods Hydroxyapatite Using Cationic Surfactant Templates

2013 ◽  
Vol 771 ◽  
pp. 109-112
Author(s):  
Shao Hong Wang ◽  
Jian Guo Xia ◽  
Mei Han Wang ◽  
Zhao Xia Hou ◽  
Dan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cationic Surfactant ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Adsorption Property ◽  
Copper Ion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Round Shape ◽  
Nano Rods ◽  
Surfactant Templates

Nano-rods hydroxyapatite (HA) was synthesized by hydrothermal method using Ca(NO3)2·4H2O and H3PO4as precursors and cationic surfactant (CTAB) as a template. The effect of pH value and reaction temperature on the phase and morphology of HA were investigated. HA samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that high pH values resulted in high purity of HA. HA morphology changed from irregular round shape to nano-rod shape with the increase of the reaction temperature from 80°C to 120°C. The prepared HA was utilized as adsorbent to remove copper ion from aqueous solution. The adsorption results showed that nano-rod HA had a rapid Cu2+adsorption rate and good removal efficiency (>99%).

scholarly journals Structural Modifications of Cold and Dense Cesium, Calcium, Barium, and Selenium

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C752-C752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Desgreniers ◽  
John Tse ◽  
Jianbao Zhao ◽  
Takahiro Matsuoka ◽  
Yasuo Ohishi
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Crystalline Structures ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Elevated Pressures ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Very Low Temperature

Following the development of high brilliance synchrotron x-ray sources, high density crystalline structures of elemental solids have been vastly studied at room temperature and elevated pressures. In the last decades, experimental and computational results have unveiled a vast diversity of crystalline structures adopted by many dense elements. Both complex modulated and exotic structures have been observed [1] and predicted [2]. In this communication, we report results of systematic searches for structural modifications taking place at very low temperature (T>10 K) and high pressure (P<50 GPa) in selected elementals solids. Results for cesium, calcium, barium, and selenium are presented. An extension of the known P-T phase diagram to lower temperature for cesium and selenium indicates that both elements do not adopt crystalline structures different that those already known and documented. We show that calcium at low temperature and high pressure, however, exhibits unusual and large dynamical fluctuations leading to a tetragonal distortion of the simple cubic structure known to exist at room temperature and about 30 GPa. The large amplitude fluxional behaviour leads to the appearance of a new phase, nested at T<30K between 40 and 45 GPa. Finally, barium when compressed at low temperature, transforms into a crystalline structure unobserved at high pressure and room temperature. It is found that, below 140K and in the pressure range of 13 to 35 GPa, barium does not adopt the phase IV structure, i.e., the modulated incommensurate cell, but undergoes a transition from phase II (P63/mmc) to an orthorhombic (Pmna) cell. This new structure corresponds to phase VI. On the basis of an x-ray diffraction study along quasi-isobaric and isothermal paths, we conclude that Ba-VI is most likely metastable. Our results suggest the need to scrutiny other dense elements at very low temperature. Under those conditions, unusual structural modifications are ought to be observed.

scholarly journals Identification of extremely hard coke generation by low-temperature reaction on tungsten catalysts via Operando and in situ techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thotsatham Takkawatakarn ◽  
Supareak Praserthdam ◽  
Sippakorn Wannakao ◽  
Joongjai Panpranot ◽  
Piyasan Praserthdam
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Coke Formation ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Metathesis Reaction ◽  
In Situ Techniques ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Tungsten Catalysts

AbstractThe coke formation in the catalytic system mainly cause to the catalyst deactivate resulting the dramatic decreasing of the catalyst performance then the catalyst regeneration was required. In this study, adding MgO physically mixed with WO3/SiO2 catalysts were prepared and compared with the ones prepared by physically mixing with SiO2. Adding MgO affected the generation of new species of coke deposited on WO3/SiO2 and MgO itself. Comparing the reaction temperature when adding MgO between at 300 and 450 °C, the different pathway of reaction and the coke formation were found. At 450 °C, the metathesis reaction was more pronounced and the lower temperature of coke deposited on WOx/SiO2 was found. Surprisingly, the extremely hard coke occurred during reaction at 300 °C that the maxima of coke formation was found over 635 °C. This due to the fact that the reduction of reaction temperature from 450 to 300 °C affected the decreasing of the metathesis activity. Conversely, the increasing of dimerization and isomerization of butenes-isomer was observed especially 1-butene and iso-butene. Thus, it could suggest that those quantity of them play the important role to generate the charged monoenyl or cyclopentenyl species by participating with ethene through the dimerization, resulting in the formation of extremely hard coke.

Micro X-Ray Diffraction Study of Polycrystalline MgB 2 Wire and Evaluation of Carbon Doping Effect Via Low-Temperature Sintering

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Maeda ◽  
Dipak Patel, Dr. ◽  
Hiroaki Kumakura, Dr. ◽  
Gen Nishijima, Dr. ◽  
Akiyoshi Matsumoto, Dr. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Diffraction Study ◽  
Carbon Doping ◽  
Doping Effect ◽  
Low Temperature Sintering ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

The Application of X-Ray Diffraction at Elevated Temperatures to Study the Mechanism of Formation of Sodium Tripolyphosphate

1961 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 276-284
Author(s):  
E. L. Moore ◽  
J. S. Metcalf
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Amorphous Phase ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mechanism Of Formation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Temperature Form ◽  
High Temperature Form

AbstractHigh-temperature X-ray diffraction techniques were employed to study the condensation reactions which occur when sodium orthophosphates are heated to 380°C. Crystalline Na4P2O7 and an amorphous phase were formed first from an equimolar mixture of Na2HPO4·NaH2PO4 and Na2HPO4 at temperatures above 150°C. Further heating resulted in the formation of Na5P3O10-I (high-temperature form) at the expense of the crystalline Na4P4O7 and amorphous phase. Crystalline Na5P3O10-II (low-temperature form) appears after Na5P3O10-I.Conditions which affect the yield of crystalline Na4P2O7 and amorphous phase as intermediates and their effect on the yield of Na5P3O10 are also presented.

scholarly journals An accelerated and effective synthesis of zinc borate from zinc sulfate using sonochemistry

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Ali Can Ersan ◽  
Azmi Seyhun Kipcak ◽  
Meral Yildirim Ozen ◽  
Nurcan Tugrul
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Zinc Borate ◽  
High Yield ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ultrasonic Probe ◽  
Minimum Particle Size ◽  
Effective Synthesis ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Borate Compound

AbstractRecently, sonochemistry has been used for the synthesis of inorganic compounds, such as zinc borates. In this study using zinc sulphate heptahydrate (ZnSO4·7H2O) and boric acid (H3BO3) as starting materials, a zinc borate compound in the form of Zn3B6O12·3.5H2O was synthesized using an ultrasonic probe. Product’s characterization was carried out with using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy. Zinc borate compound’s chemical bond structure was observed with Raman and FTIR. From the XRD results it was seen that Zn3B6O12·3.5H2O can be quickly synthesized upon heating at 80°C and 85°C (55 min) or 90°C (45 min) in very high yield (>90%). The minimum particle size obtained was ~143 μm from the SEM results. Zinc borate compound was synthesized at a lower temperature in less time than other synthesized zinc metal compound in literature.

scholarly journals Fast oxygen ion migration in Cu–In–oxide bulk and its utilization for effective CO2 conversion at lower temperature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Ichiro Makiura ◽  
Takuma Higo ◽  
Yutaro Kurosawa ◽  
Kota Murakami ◽  
Shuhei Ogo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Water Gas Shift ◽  
Chemical Looping ◽  
Co2 Conversion ◽  
Ion Migration ◽  
Oxygen Ion ◽  
Reverse Water Gas Shift ◽  
Oxygen Ion Migration ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Water Gas

Efficient activation of CO2 at low temperature was achieved by reverse water–gas shift via chemical looping (RWGS-CL) by virtue of fast oxygen ion migration in a Cu–In structured oxide, even at lower temperatures.

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