Screening Method for Lipid-Content Microalgae Based on Sulfo-Phospho-Vanillin Reaction

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3532-3535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zong Di Hao ◽  
Ping Huai Liu ◽  
Xun Yang ◽  
Jie Shi ◽  
Sen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Microalgal Oil ◽  
Microalgal Culture ◽  
High Lipid

Studies that address the use of microalgae as biofuels often require the frequent measurement of total lipid content. Traditional methods for the quantification of lipid are time-consuming or involve the use of expensive analytical equipment that is not available in many labs. Here we investigated microalgal culture as the starting material and simple, colorimetric method for quantitative measurement of neutral lipids in microalgae with a relatively high correlation coefficient (R2=0.9038) between gravimetric and spectrophotometric quantification. Linear responses for triolein, vegetable oil and microalgal oil in a concentration range between 0.1 and 1 mg/l were observed. Using this method, Monoraphidium pusillum were screened out of several microalgal strains with the highest lipid content (25.52% dry weight). The color reaction for quantitation of microalgal lipids has significant advantages over traditional methods for screening of high lipid-content strains. Our data implied that the sensitivity and versatility enable this method a useful tool in screening of lipid-content microalgae.

THE LIPID COMPOSITION OF BACILLUS CEREUS AS INFLUENCED BY THE PRESENCE OF ALCOHOLS IN THE CULTURE MEDIUM

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kates ◽  
D. J. Kushner ◽  
A. T. James
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphatide Content ◽  
Unknown Structure ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Long Chain

Cells of Bacillus cereus grown in an alcohol-free medium (control cells) had a lipid content of 2.6 ± 0.4%, on a dry weight basis. About half of the lipids consisted of phosphatides, including phosphatidyl ethanolamine (40%), phosphatidyl glycerol (28%), lecithin (6%), lyso compounds (10%), and three acidic phosphatides of unknown structure. The fatty acids of the total lipids were predominantly saturated, the major components being branched-chain C13, C15, and C17acids. The neutral lipids consisted mostly of diglycerides, with a small amount of triglycerides. Five to ten per cent of the lipids was obtained as unsaponifiable material, consisting chiefly of long-chain (n-C16and n-C18) alcohols, and having traces of long-chain aldehydes (derived from plasmalogens).Cells grown in the presence of alcohols usually had a higher phosphatide content, a correspondingly lower non-phosphatide content, and a higher non-saponifiable content than control cells. Total lipid content or relative proportions of the phosphatide components in alcohol-grown cells did not differ significantly from those of control cells.

THE LIPID COMPOSITION OF BACILLUS CEREUS AS INFLUENCED BY THE PRESENCE OF ALCOHOLS IN THE CULTURE MEDIUM

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kates ◽  
D. J. Kushner ◽  
A. T. James
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphatide Content ◽  
Unknown Structure ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Long Chain

Cells of Bacillus cereus grown in an alcohol-free medium (control cells) had a lipid content of 2.6 ± 0.4%, on a dry weight basis. About half of the lipids consisted of phosphatides, including phosphatidyl ethanolamine (40%), phosphatidyl glycerol (28%), lecithin (6%), lyso compounds (10%), and three acidic phosphatides of unknown structure. The fatty acids of the total lipids were predominantly saturated, the major components being branched-chain C13, C15, and C17acids. The neutral lipids consisted mostly of diglycerides, with a small amount of triglycerides. Five to ten per cent of the lipids was obtained as unsaponifiable material, consisting chiefly of long-chain (n-C16and n-C18) alcohols, and having traces of long-chain aldehydes (derived from plasmalogens).Cells grown in the presence of alcohols usually had a higher phosphatide content, a correspondingly lower non-phosphatide content, and a higher non-saponifiable content than control cells. Total lipid content or relative proportions of the phosphatide components in alcohol-grown cells did not differ significantly from those of control cells.

Lipid content and energy expenditure in the spawning migration of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1902-1907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Crawford ◽  
R. Roland Cusack ◽  
Timothy R. Parlee
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
Blueback Herring ◽  
Alosa Aestivalis ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Very High ◽  
Immature Fish

For the alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis) total lipid content was neither size nor sex specific. The lipid content of alewife and blueback herring from the LaHave River, Nova Scotia, was similar at 7.6 and 7.0%, respectively. However, in samples from the Margaree River there was a significant difference in lipid content between alewife and blueback herring (7.8% vs. 5.4%, respectively). The difference appeared to be a consequence of water temperature since late migrants of both species had a significantly lower lipid content. For alewife migration in the LaHave River, a distance of 31 km, lipid content declined by 22%, whereas in the Margaree River lipid loss was 18% over 32 km. Lipid content was also dependent on reproductive maturity, with lipid levels of 14.4, 8.7, and 5.4% in immature, prespawning, and spent alewife from site 1 on the Margaree River. Immature fish were characterized by a very high lipid content associated with the visceral organs. Protein utilization was not evident in the prespawning migration of alewife from the LaHave River. Based on lipid depletion the migration energetics of alewife in the two rivers were similar at 21.68 and 18.53 kJ∙kg−1∙km−1 in the LaHave and Margaree Rivers, respectively.

Lipid and Caloric Contents of the Relict Amphipod Pontoporeia affinis in Cayuga Lake, New York

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 776-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger H. Green
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Standing Crop ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
High Lipid Content ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
Cayuga Lake ◽  
Benthic Crustacean

The relict amphipod Pontoporeia affinis at 100 m depth in Cayuga Lake, New York, had a lipid content of 33.1% of dry weight, which is unusually high for a benthic crustacean. This high lipid content resulted in the unusually high caloric content of 5240 cal/g dry weight, and a mean annual standing crop of 370 cal/m2. Annual production was estimated to be 1565 cal/m2 per year. In confirmation of the high caloric value, P. affinis from an oligotrophic lake in northwestern Ontario had a caloric content of 4741 cal/g dry weight.

scholarly journals Increasing lipid content from biomass of microalgae to produce biofuels with optimization of nitrogen source

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 13011
Author(s):  
Istikhomah Putri Ayuwaningsih ◽  
Melati Ferianita Fachrul ◽  
Astri Rinanti
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Scenedesmus Obliquus ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Green Microalgae ◽  
Urea Fertilizer ◽  
Operational Conditions

The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of urea fertilizer as a nitrogen source to lipid productivity of mixed culture of green microalgae consisting of Monoraphidium sp., Chlorella sorokiniana, and Scenedesmus obliquus as lipid sources. In research, cultures were cultivated in a 1.5 L glass photobioreactor with batch culture system. The operational conditions of this research were carried out at pH 6.0, 27 °C, aeration with air flow 150 mL/sec, and 2400 lux with vary amount of urea as a source of nitrogen as much (grams) 0.0; 0.5; 1.0. The Bligh and Dyer extraction is performed to produce biofuels after harvesting process and to analyze lipid content. Analysis of fatty acids using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) Method, analysis of dry weight using Gravimetric Method, and analysis of cell density using Spectrofotometry Method. This research concludes that with 0.5 grams of urea fertilizer can produce dry weight and total lipid content optimally that were 0.26% (w/w) and 36,35% (w/w). This research concludes that increasing amount of nitrogen source could be increasing green microalgae biomass but is not for increased lipid content. The high lipid content can be produced by decreasing 50% nitrogen source.

scholarly journals FATTY ACID PROFILES OF CYCLOPOID COPEPOD NAUPLII Apocyclops panamensis AND THE EFFECTS OF SALINITY CHANGE

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Gede Suwarthama Sumiarsa ◽  
Ronald P. Phelps
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Polar Lipid ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Cyclopoid Copepod ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles

<p>Lipid and fatty acid profiles were described for copepod nauplii Apocy clops panamensis from fertilized brackish water ponds, and after being acclimated to fullsea water salinity. Mean total lipid content of copepod nauplii collected from ponds fertilized with inorganic fertilizer combined either with alfalfa meal, rice bran, wheat bran, and a combination of these fertilizers ranged from 5.66 ± 0.15 to 7.76% ± 0.27%. Non-polar (neutral) lipid fraction of pond copepod nauplii was a significantly higher percentage of the total lipid content (74.5 ± 1.8 - 93.5% ± 1.0%) compared to those of polar lipid (6.5 ± 1.0 - 21.3% ± 1.8%) (P= 0.000). DHA/EPA ratio in neutral lipids ranged from 1.8 ± 0.2 - 2.0 ± 0.1 with no significant differences in three fertilization regimes. DHA was 27.5% ± 0.56% of the neutral lipids and EPA 14.8% ± 0.8%. Acclimation of copepod nauplii for six hours from brackish to full-sea water salinity reduced their lipid content and individual dry weight significantly. Mean total lipid content was reduced 44.2%, non-polar lipid was reduced 46.9% and polar lipid was reduced 24.4%. Acclimation altered the DHA/EPA ratio, in the neutral fraction the ratio increased 26.3% but in the polar fraction it decreased 25%.</p>

Comparison of three microquantity techniques for measuring total lipids in fish

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2233-2241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuehan Lu ◽  
Stuart A. Ludsin ◽  
David L. Fanslow ◽  
Steven A. Pothoven
Keyword(s):  
Total Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
Layer Chromatography

To measure lipids in juvenile and adult fishes, we refined three microquantity approaches (microgravimetric, microcolorimetric sulfophosphovanillan (SPV), and Iatroscan thin layer chromatography – flame ionization detection (TLC–FID)) that were originally developed to measure lipids in small aquatic invertebrates. We also evaluated their precision and comparability by quantifying the total lipid content of age-1+ walleye ( Sander vitreus ), yellow perch ( Perca flavescens ), and lake whitefish ( Coregonus clupeaformis ) collected in Lake Erie (US–Canada), Lake Michigan (USA), and Muskegon Lake (Michigan, USA). Our findings demonstrate that (i) microquantity approaches provide estimates of total lipids in juvenile and adult fishes similar to those of more traditional macroquantity approaches, (ii) the microcolorimetric SPV and microgravimetric approaches produce near identical estimates of total lipid content, and (iii) the Iatroscan TLC–FID approach underestimates total lipids relative to the other approaches for individuals with high lipid levels. Ultimately, our research makes available additional techniques for measuring total lipid content of fishes that are less expensive than traditional techniques, owing to a reduced need for large quantities of samples and solvents.

Lipid content of cured tobacco

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 1123-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Momtaz K. Wassef ◽  
James W. Hendrix
Keyword(s):  
Total Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Burley Tobacco ◽  
A Minor ◽  
High Polarity

Samples from cured burley and flue-cured tobacco were examined for total lipid content and for lipid composition of fractionated lipid classes. Cured burley tobacco contained 6–8% lipids compared with 14–15% in cured flue-cured tobacco. Neutral lipids constituted 70–80% of burley lipids but only half the flue-cured lipids; the latter had 75% more neutral lipids than the former. Flue-cured tobacco contained considerably more (5–10 times) medium- to high-polarity lipids than burley. Stalk position had only a minor effect on the lipid content of both tobacco types.

Evaluation of lipid changes in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) spermatozoa during in-vitro capacitation and acrosome reaction

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Kant ◽  
S. K. Atreja ◽  
S. S. Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Total Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Acrosome Reaction ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Substantial Loss ◽  
One Step

In this study, buffalo spermatozoa were in-vitro capacitated and acrosome reacted using modified Tyrode’s bicarbonate-buffered medium (sp-TALP media). Lipids were extracted from freshly ejaculated, in-vitro capacitated and acrosome reacted buffalo spermatozoa. The total lipid content of freshly ejaculated spermatozoa (171.5±2.90 μg/108 cells), capacitated spermatozoa (128.2±3.29 μg/108 cells) and acrosome reacted spermatozoa (115.7±2.04 μg/108 cells) were found significantly (P<0.05) different. During the process of capacitation and acrosome reaction (AR) there was substantial loss of total lipids. The total Lipid content of freshly ejaculated, capacitated and acrosome reacted spermatozoa were fractionated into three major classes namely, Phospholipids, Neutral lipids and Glycolipids. Among the classes of lipids; there was no change in concentration of glycolipids. Phospholipids in fresh, capacitated and acrosome reacted spermatozoa were 84.27±1.96, 58.40±2.40 and 50.51±1.27 μg/108 cells respectively. In case of Neutral lipids, the concentration were 33.63±2.62, 22.55±1.86 and 11.61±0.87 μg/108 cells in fresh, capacitated and acrosome reacted spermatozoa respectively. The results generated by this study will be one step further to understand the lipid changes in buffalo spermatozoa during capacitation, acrosome reaction and fertilization process.

Development of a Screening Method for Isolation of Microalgae Strains That Accumulate Lipids Under Nitrate-replete Conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoki Oyama ◽  
Yuichi Kato ◽  
Katsuya Satoh ◽  
Yutaka Oono ◽  
Tomohisa Hasunuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Sequential Procedures ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
Green Microalga ◽  
One Step ◽  
Mutant Cells

Abstract Background: Microalgae biofuels have attracted global attention as an alternative to fossil fuels as an energy resource. Microalgae generally accumulate lipids under nitrogen-depleted conditions, but cell growth is depressed under these conditions which causes decrease in lipid productivity. To realize one-step cultivation for biofuel production, microalgae that highly accumulate lipids even under nitrogen-replete conditions are needed. This study aimed to develop a screening method for microalgae mutants with high lipid content even in the presence of a nitrogen source.Results: Mutant cells were generated by irradiating the oleaginous green microalga Chlamydomonas sp. KOR1 with carbon ion beams, cultured under nitrate-replete conditions, and then subjected to FACS-based screening for lipid-rich cells. By repeatedly performing the sequential procedures of cultivation and selection, strains KAC1710 and KAC1801, which highly accumulate lipids under nitrate-replete conditions, were successfully obtained. These mutants formed significant lipid droplets in the cells even in the presence of abundant nitrate and achieved 1.5- and 2.1-fold greater lipid content compared to KOR1, respectively.Conclusion: This study developed a novel nitrogen-conditioned screening method for microalgae mutants that accumulate lipids in the presence of a nitrogen source. This method should contribute to microalgae biofuel production via one-step cultivation under nitrogen-replete conditions.

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