THE LIPID COMPOSITION OF BACILLUS CEREUS AS INFLUENCED BY THE PRESENCE OF ALCOHOLS IN THE CULTURE MEDIUM

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kates ◽  
D. J. Kushner ◽  
A. T. James
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphatide Content ◽  
Unknown Structure ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Long Chain

Cells of Bacillus cereus grown in an alcohol-free medium (control cells) had a lipid content of 2.6 ± 0.4%, on a dry weight basis. About half of the lipids consisted of phosphatides, including phosphatidyl ethanolamine (40%), phosphatidyl glycerol (28%), lecithin (6%), lyso compounds (10%), and three acidic phosphatides of unknown structure. The fatty acids of the total lipids were predominantly saturated, the major components being branched-chain C13, C15, and C17acids. The neutral lipids consisted mostly of diglycerides, with a small amount of triglycerides. Five to ten per cent of the lipids was obtained as unsaponifiable material, consisting chiefly of long-chain (n-C16and n-C18) alcohols, and having traces of long-chain aldehydes (derived from plasmalogens).Cells grown in the presence of alcohols usually had a higher phosphatide content, a correspondingly lower non-phosphatide content, and a higher non-saponifiable content than control cells. Total lipid content or relative proportions of the phosphatide components in alcohol-grown cells did not differ significantly from those of control cells.

THE LIPID COMPOSITION OF BACILLUS CEREUS AS INFLUENCED BY THE PRESENCE OF ALCOHOLS IN THE CULTURE MEDIUM

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kates ◽  
D. J. Kushner ◽  
A. T. James
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphatide Content ◽  
Unknown Structure ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Long Chain

Cells of Bacillus cereus grown in an alcohol-free medium (control cells) had a lipid content of 2.6 ± 0.4%, on a dry weight basis. About half of the lipids consisted of phosphatides, including phosphatidyl ethanolamine (40%), phosphatidyl glycerol (28%), lecithin (6%), lyso compounds (10%), and three acidic phosphatides of unknown structure. The fatty acids of the total lipids were predominantly saturated, the major components being branched-chain C13, C15, and C17acids. The neutral lipids consisted mostly of diglycerides, with a small amount of triglycerides. Five to ten per cent of the lipids was obtained as unsaponifiable material, consisting chiefly of long-chain (n-C16and n-C18) alcohols, and having traces of long-chain aldehydes (derived from plasmalogens).Cells grown in the presence of alcohols usually had a higher phosphatide content, a correspondingly lower non-phosphatide content, and a higher non-saponifiable content than control cells. Total lipid content or relative proportions of the phosphatide components in alcohol-grown cells did not differ significantly from those of control cells.

Screening Method for Lipid-Content Microalgae Based on Sulfo-Phospho-Vanillin Reaction

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3532-3535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zong Di Hao ◽  
Ping Huai Liu ◽  
Xun Yang ◽  
Jie Shi ◽  
Sen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Microalgal Oil ◽  
Microalgal Culture ◽  
High Lipid

Studies that address the use of microalgae as biofuels often require the frequent measurement of total lipid content. Traditional methods for the quantification of lipid are time-consuming or involve the use of expensive analytical equipment that is not available in many labs. Here we investigated microalgal culture as the starting material and simple, colorimetric method for quantitative measurement of neutral lipids in microalgae with a relatively high correlation coefficient (R2=0.9038) between gravimetric and spectrophotometric quantification. Linear responses for triolein, vegetable oil and microalgal oil in a concentration range between 0.1 and 1 mg/l were observed. Using this method, Monoraphidium pusillum were screened out of several microalgal strains with the highest lipid content (25.52% dry weight). The color reaction for quantitation of microalgal lipids has significant advantages over traditional methods for screening of high lipid-content strains. Our data implied that the sensitivity and versatility enable this method a useful tool in screening of lipid-content microalgae.

BIOSYNTHESIS OF RIBOFLAVIN BY EREMOTHECIUM ASHBYII: IX. GROWTH AND RIBOFLAVIN FORMATION AND THEIR RELATION TO THE UTILIZATION AND ASSIMILATION OF THE CONSTITUENTS OF THE LIQUID CULTURE MEDIA

1965 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Osman ◽  
M. S. Chenouda
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Lactic Acids

The major amount of riboflavin is formed when the mycelia reach a mature stage and the major carbon source is almost exhausted. While the riboflavin is being synthesized in larger quantities, the mycelial dry weight, the total nitrogen, and total lipid content decrease. The mobilized cell reserves may be those components which call upon the biosynthesis of the major amount of the vitamin. At the stage of growth where glucose is almost completely utilized an increase in the excretion of pyruvic and lactic acids from the mycelia into the culture medium occurs. This may partly explain the increase in the acidity of the culture medium at that stage.

Polyprenols in hairy roots of Coluria geoides

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 790-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Skorupińska-Tudek ◽  
V. S. Hung ◽  
O. Olszowska ◽  
M. Furmanowa ◽  
T. Chojnacki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agrobacterium Rhizogenes ◽  
Hairy Root ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Root Culture ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hairy Root Culture ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Long Chain

Long-chain polyisoprenoid alcohols built from several up to more than 100 isoprenoid units are common constituents of all living organisms. They were found mostly in plants, bacteria, yeasts and mammalian cells. In vitro hairy root culture of Coluria geoides was obtained from plants transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Growth was optimal at 0.75% (w/v) glucose and at 22 °C. Dry samples of roots were extracted and lipid content was analysed by HPLC. According to our estimation, polyprenols are accumulated in roots of C. geoides cultivated in vitro as a mixture of several prenologues with the dominating prenol composed of 16 isoprenoid units. The content of polyprenols in tissue was approx. 300 μg/g of dry weight.

Factors affecting the relative ratio of fatty acids in Bacillus cereus

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshi Kaneda
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Normal Series ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Factors affecting relative proportions of long-chain fatty acids produced by the growing cells of Bacillus cereus have been studied. The organism produces nine branched (i-C12, i-C13, i-C14, i-C15, i-C16, i-C17, a-C13, a-C15, and a-C17), two normal (n-C14 and n-C16), and four monounsaturated (i-C161−, i-C17−1, a-C171−, and n-C161−), in addition to some minor fatty acids. On the basis of biosynthetic relationships these are grouped into four series: anteiso odd-numbered, iso odd-numbered, iso even-numbered, and normal even-numbered. The proportion of the normal series of fatty acids is generally not changed by varying growth conditions. The proportions of the three series of branched-chain fatty acids, however, are greatly affected depending upon growth phase and culture medium used. Younger cells tend to produce the four series in a closer ratio (1.5/1.8/0.8/1.0), whereas older cells produce four series in a wider ratio (1/2.2/0.8/1.0).The precursors of the terminal portions of branched-chain fatty acids, L-leucine, L-isoleucine, L-valine, and the related substrates, affected greatly the ratio of the three series of branched-chain fatty acids. Apparently the synthesis of iso odd-numbered acids is more tightly controlled than the synthesis of the two other series of fatty acids. Data suggest that this regulation is very likely to be due to the substrate specificity of the enzyme(s) involved in the fatty acid synthesis, rather than the relative availability of the precursors.

Composition of lipids in extracts of Pullularia pullulans

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1021-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel Merdinger ◽  
Paul Kohn ◽  
Roy C. McClain
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Silicic Acid Column ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Straight Chain ◽  
Neutral And Polar Lipids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Neutral and polar lipids in an extract of Pullularia pullulans were separated by a single silicic acid column. Of the total lipid content, 74% was found to be neutral lipids, on the average, and 26% was polar lipids. Gas chromatography of methyl esters of the fatty acids showed the presence of 15 acids, of which 59.2% were unsaturated. The most abundant unsaturated acid was C18 monounsaturated (41.9%) and the most abundant saturated acid wasC16 (30.8%). Gas chromatography and thin-layer chromatography revealed the presence of ergosterol, stigmasterol, and possibly squalene. Straight chain, branched chain, and saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons were also found by gas chromatography. Trehalose was isolated and evidence suggests that it was esterified with one or more fatty acid residues.

scholarly journals Increasing lipid content from biomass of microalgae to produce biofuels with optimization of nitrogen source

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 13011
Author(s):  
Istikhomah Putri Ayuwaningsih ◽  
Melati Ferianita Fachrul ◽  
Astri Rinanti
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Scenedesmus Obliquus ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Green Microalgae ◽  
Urea Fertilizer ◽  
Operational Conditions

The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of urea fertilizer as a nitrogen source to lipid productivity of mixed culture of green microalgae consisting of Monoraphidium sp., Chlorella sorokiniana, and Scenedesmus obliquus as lipid sources. In research, cultures were cultivated in a 1.5 L glass photobioreactor with batch culture system. The operational conditions of this research were carried out at pH 6.0, 27 °C, aeration with air flow 150 mL/sec, and 2400 lux with vary amount of urea as a source of nitrogen as much (grams) 0.0; 0.5; 1.0. The Bligh and Dyer extraction is performed to produce biofuels after harvesting process and to analyze lipid content. Analysis of fatty acids using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) Method, analysis of dry weight using Gravimetric Method, and analysis of cell density using Spectrofotometry Method. This research concludes that with 0.5 grams of urea fertilizer can produce dry weight and total lipid content optimally that were 0.26% (w/w) and 36,35% (w/w). This research concludes that increasing amount of nitrogen source could be increasing green microalgae biomass but is not for increased lipid content. The high lipid content can be produced by decreasing 50% nitrogen source.

Stress of Nutrients Deficiency on Growth and Lipid Accumulation in Oil-Rich Navicula sp.

2014 ◽  
Vol 521 ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
Xiang Ji ◽  
Jin Rong Wang ◽  
Xiao Li Miao ◽  
Kai Hua Liu ◽  
Lu Cai
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Maximum Biomass

Based on optimized aquatic diatom medium, treatment of nutrient deficiency was carried out to Navicula sp. and the analysis results of comprehensive biomass and total lipid content indicated that the optimal Tmass concentrations of TFeClB3B·3HB2BO,T TCdSOB4 Band Citric acid were 1.2×10P-5P mol/L, 0.8μg/L and 12 mg/L, respectively. Maximum biomass of Navicula sp. on this culture medium at 680 spectrophotometrically could reach 1.201. Final lipid content of this microalgae could be improved from 26.60% to 37.68% after the stress of nutrient deficiency treatment.

scholarly journals FATTY ACID PROFILES OF CYCLOPOID COPEPOD NAUPLII Apocyclops panamensis AND THE EFFECTS OF SALINITY CHANGE

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Gede Suwarthama Sumiarsa ◽  
Ronald P. Phelps
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Polar Lipid ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Cyclopoid Copepod ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles

<p>Lipid and fatty acid profiles were described for copepod nauplii Apocy clops panamensis from fertilized brackish water ponds, and after being acclimated to fullsea water salinity. Mean total lipid content of copepod nauplii collected from ponds fertilized with inorganic fertilizer combined either with alfalfa meal, rice bran, wheat bran, and a combination of these fertilizers ranged from 5.66 ± 0.15 to 7.76% ± 0.27%. Non-polar (neutral) lipid fraction of pond copepod nauplii was a significantly higher percentage of the total lipid content (74.5 ± 1.8 - 93.5% ± 1.0%) compared to those of polar lipid (6.5 ± 1.0 - 21.3% ± 1.8%) (P= 0.000). DHA/EPA ratio in neutral lipids ranged from 1.8 ± 0.2 - 2.0 ± 0.1 with no significant differences in three fertilization regimes. DHA was 27.5% ± 0.56% of the neutral lipids and EPA 14.8% ± 0.8%. Acclimation of copepod nauplii for six hours from brackish to full-sea water salinity reduced their lipid content and individual dry weight significantly. Mean total lipid content was reduced 44.2%, non-polar lipid was reduced 46.9% and polar lipid was reduced 24.4%. Acclimation altered the DHA/EPA ratio, in the neutral fraction the ratio increased 26.3% but in the polar fraction it decreased 25%.</p>

scholarly journals Harvesting of Chlorella sorokiniana BR001 cultivated in a low-nitrogen medium using different techniques

2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael de Araújo Lira ◽  
Lucas de Paula Corrêdo ◽  
Jimmy Soares ◽  
Mariana Machado Rocha ◽  
Antonio Teixeira de Matos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Chlorella Sorokiniana ◽  
Harvesting Process ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
Flocculation Process ◽  
A Current

ABSTRACT: The harvesting process is a current challenge for the commercial production of microalgae because the biomass is diluted in the culture medium. Several methods have been proposed to harvest microalgae cells, but there is not a consensus about the optimum method for such application. Herein, the methods based on sedimentation, flocculation, and centrifugation were evaluated on the recovery of Chlorella sorokiniana BR001 cultivated in a low-nitrogen medium. C. sorokiniana BR001 was cultivated using a low-nitrogen medium to trigger the accumulation of neutral lipids and neutral carbohydrates. The biomass of C. sorokiniana BR001 cultivated in a low-nitrogen medium showed a total lipid content of 1.9 times higher (23.8 ± 4.5%) when compared to the biomass produced in a high-nitrogen medium (12.3 ± 1.2%). In addition, the biomass of the BR001 strain cultivated in a low-nitrogen medium showed a high content of neutral carbohydrates (52.1 ± 1.5%). The natural sedimentation-based process was evaluated using a sedimentation column, and it was concluded that C. sorokiniana BR001 is a non-flocculent strain. Therefore, it was evaluated the effect of different concentrations of ferric sulfate (0.005 to 1 g L-1) or aluminum sulfate (0.025 to 0.83 g L-1) on the flocculation process of C. sorokiniana BR001, but high doses of flocculant agents were required for an efficient harvest of biomass. It was evaluated the centrifugation at low speed (300 to 3,000 g) as well, and it was possible to conclude that this process was the most adequate to harvest the non-flocculent strain C. sorokiniana BR001.

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