scholarly journals Increasing lipid content from biomass of microalgae to produce biofuels with optimization of nitrogen source

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 13011
Author(s):  
Istikhomah Putri Ayuwaningsih ◽  
Melati Ferianita Fachrul ◽  
Astri Rinanti
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Scenedesmus Obliquus ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Green Microalgae ◽  
Urea Fertilizer ◽  
Operational Conditions

The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of urea fertilizer as a nitrogen source to lipid productivity of mixed culture of green microalgae consisting of Monoraphidium sp., Chlorella sorokiniana, and Scenedesmus obliquus as lipid sources. In research, cultures were cultivated in a 1.5 L glass photobioreactor with batch culture system. The operational conditions of this research were carried out at pH 6.0, 27 °C, aeration with air flow 150 mL/sec, and 2400 lux with vary amount of urea as a source of nitrogen as much (grams) 0.0; 0.5; 1.0. The Bligh and Dyer extraction is performed to produce biofuels after harvesting process and to analyze lipid content. Analysis of fatty acids using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) Method, analysis of dry weight using Gravimetric Method, and analysis of cell density using Spectrofotometry Method. This research concludes that with 0.5 grams of urea fertilizer can produce dry weight and total lipid content optimally that were 0.26% (w/w) and 36,35% (w/w). This research concludes that increasing amount of nitrogen source could be increasing green microalgae biomass but is not for increased lipid content. The high lipid content can be produced by decreasing 50% nitrogen source.

scholarly journals Increasing content of lipid in tropical microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana and Closterium sp. with variation of nitrogen content and extraction temperature

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 13019
Author(s):  
Amani Karima ◽  
Mawar DS Silalahi ◽  
Astri Rinanti
Keyword(s):  
Total Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Chlorella Sorokiniana ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Extraction Temperature

This research was aimed to obtain algae biofuels as an alternative energy which comes from tropical microalgae biomass Chlorella sorokiniana and Closterium sp. The cultivation was performed at a controlled room in batch culture photobioreactor, temperature 27°C, pH 6, aeration with air flow rate of 150 mL/sec, and light intensity at 2400 lux. These nutrient sources used artificial PHM with KNO3 variation as a nitrogen source of 0 grams; 0.25 grams; 0.5 grams; 1 gram. The research involved microalgae lipid extraction with Blight & Dyer method and also carried out support of alcohol, chloroform and distilled water (1:1:1) with optimum temperature 30oC. Oil yields that obtained were analyzed with Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) method, dry weight with a gravimetric method and cell density with spectrophotometry. The result showed that the reduction of KNO3 materials (0,25 gr) can produce biomass and highest total lipid content at 0,41 g/L and 20,31 %/(w/w). The results showed that KNO3 decreased the amount of biomass which was not significant but the total lipid content of microalgae was increased. Lipid content and fatty acids extracted from Blight & Dyer showed oil content that could potentially be the raw material of biodiesel.

Comparison of biomass production and total lipid content of freshwater green microalgae cultivated under various culture conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geun Ho Gim ◽  
Jung Kon Kim ◽  
Hyeon Seok Kim ◽  
Mathur Nadarajan Kathiravan ◽  
Hetong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Green Microalgae

scholarly journals Adipophilin and Perilipin 3 Correlate with Total Lipid Content in Human Breast Milk

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tereza Pavlova ◽  
Zdenek Spacil ◽  
Veronika Vidova ◽  
Filip Zlamal ◽  
Eliska Cechova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Milk Lipid ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast

Objective: Lipids are secreted into milk as bilayer-coated structures: milk lipid globules (MLGs). Adipophilin (ADRP) and perilipin 3 (TIP47) are associated with MLGs in human breast milk; however, the role of these proteins in milk lipid secretion is not fully understood. The aim of the study was to investigate levels of ADRP, TIP47 and total lipid content in human breast milk, their mutual correlations and dynamics during lactation. Research Methods & Procedures: Milk samples from 22 healthy lactating women (Caucasian, Central European) were collected at five time points during lactation (1–3, 12–14, 29–30, 88–90 and 178–180 days postpartum). Mass spectrometry-based method was used for quantification of ADRP and TIP47 in the samples. The gravimetric method was used to determine milk total lipid content. Results: We observed distinctive trends in ADRP, TIP47 levels and lipid content in human breast milk during the first 6 months of lactation. We also found a significant association between lipid content and ADRP, lipid content and TIP47, and ADRP and TIP47 concentrations in breast milk at all sampling points. Moreover, we derived an equation for estimating the mean lipid content of milk based on ADRP concentration in human breast milk. Conclusions: A mass spectrometry-based method was developed for quantifying ADRP and TIP47 in human breast milk. Strong mutual correlations were found between ADRP, TIP47 and total lipid content in human breast milk.

THE LIPID COMPOSITION OF BACILLUS CEREUS AS INFLUENCED BY THE PRESENCE OF ALCOHOLS IN THE CULTURE MEDIUM

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kates ◽  
D. J. Kushner ◽  
A. T. James
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphatide Content ◽  
Unknown Structure ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Long Chain

Cells of Bacillus cereus grown in an alcohol-free medium (control cells) had a lipid content of 2.6 ± 0.4%, on a dry weight basis. About half of the lipids consisted of phosphatides, including phosphatidyl ethanolamine (40%), phosphatidyl glycerol (28%), lecithin (6%), lyso compounds (10%), and three acidic phosphatides of unknown structure. The fatty acids of the total lipids were predominantly saturated, the major components being branched-chain C13, C15, and C17acids. The neutral lipids consisted mostly of diglycerides, with a small amount of triglycerides. Five to ten per cent of the lipids was obtained as unsaponifiable material, consisting chiefly of long-chain (n-C16and n-C18) alcohols, and having traces of long-chain aldehydes (derived from plasmalogens).Cells grown in the presence of alcohols usually had a higher phosphatide content, a correspondingly lower non-phosphatide content, and a higher non-saponifiable content than control cells. Total lipid content or relative proportions of the phosphatide components in alcohol-grown cells did not differ significantly from those of control cells.

Polyamines in Cell Walls of Chlorococcalean Microalgae

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Burczyk ◽  
Maria Zych ◽  
Nikolaos E. Ioannidis ◽  
Kiriakos Kotzabasis
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Scenedesmus Obliquus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Green Microalgae ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Chlorella Saccharophila ◽  
Isolated Cell

Biotechnology of microalgae represents a very attractive alternative as a source of energy and substances of high value when compared with plant cultivation. Cell walls of green microalgae have an extraordinary chemical and mechanical resistance and may impede some steps in the biotechnological/industrial exploitation of algae. The aim of the present contribution was to check the presence of polyamines in the cell walls of chlorococcalean green microalgae. Polyamines are nitrogenous compounds synthesized normally in cells and may affect the properties of the cell wall. Our work included strains either forming or not forming the polymer algaenan, allowing us to conclude that algaenan is not a prerequisite for the presence of polyamines in the cell walls. Polyamines were detected in isolated cell walls of Scenedesmus obliquus, Chlorella fusca, Chlorella saccharophila, and Chlorella vulgaris. Their concentration in isolated cell walls ranged between 0.4 and 8.4 nmol/mg dry weight.

scholarly journals Lipids monitoring in Scenedesmus obliquus based on Terahertz Technology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongni Shao ◽  
Weimin Gu ◽  
Yating Qiu ◽  
Shengfeng Wang ◽  
Yan Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Terahertz Spectroscopy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Spectroscopic Method ◽  
Scenedesmus Obliquus ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Nitrogen Stress ◽  
Terahertz Technology

Abstract BackgroundMicroalgae are considered as a source of low pollution and renewable fuel due to their ability to synthesize an abundance of lipids. Conventional methods for lipid quantification are time consuming and chemically contaminated, while spectroscopic method combined with mathematical model is much more attractive due to its ability of qualitative and quantitative analysis of material composition, in this sense, terahertz technology provides not only timely and nondestructive testing without chemical pollution, but also provides information on the functional group vibration mode and structure of the measured components. Therefore，terahertz technology is utilized in our investigation and proposed for microalgae metabolism detection.ResultsThe aim of this study was to use Terahertz spectroscopy to observe lipid content in Scenedesmus obliquus (S. obliquus). We collected the THz spectra of S. obliquus which were cultivated under nitrogen stress and terahertz spectroscopy was used to analyze changes in substance components (lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and β-carotene). The PLS algorithm was used to model the terahertz data to distinguish the different lipid content of S. obliquus under nitrogen stress. The correlation coefficient of the prediction results of the lipid characteristic band modeling was above 0.991, and the root mean square error was less than 0.132. It indicated that terahertz technology can be used to discriminate S. obliquus cells under different nitrogen stress effectively. The correlation between the terahertz characteristic peak (9.3 THz) and the total lipid content determined by gravimetry reaches 0.960. The final results were compared with the commonly used spectroscopic methods for lipid observation (Raman spectroscopy). ConclusionsIn this article, we demonstrated the effectiveness of terahertz spectroscopy to monitor changes in microalgae lipid content under nitrogen stress. Terahertz spectroscopy is more suitable for industrial production or ordinary laboratories which require intermediate result with low frequency screening. When quantifying microalgae lipids, the constraint of terahertz spectroscopy is far less than that of Raman spectroscopy, and it is easier for operator to accurately quantify microalgae lipid. In addition, it is still in early stage for the study of microalgae using terahertz spectroscopy technology, there is still much potential for us to explore.

THE LIPID COMPOSITION OF BACILLUS CEREUS AS INFLUENCED BY THE PRESENCE OF ALCOHOLS IN THE CULTURE MEDIUM

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kates ◽  
D. J. Kushner ◽  
A. T. James
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphatide Content ◽  
Unknown Structure ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Long Chain

Cells of Bacillus cereus grown in an alcohol-free medium (control cells) had a lipid content of 2.6 ± 0.4%, on a dry weight basis. About half of the lipids consisted of phosphatides, including phosphatidyl ethanolamine (40%), phosphatidyl glycerol (28%), lecithin (6%), lyso compounds (10%), and three acidic phosphatides of unknown structure. The fatty acids of the total lipids were predominantly saturated, the major components being branched-chain C13, C15, and C17acids. The neutral lipids consisted mostly of diglycerides, with a small amount of triglycerides. Five to ten per cent of the lipids was obtained as unsaponifiable material, consisting chiefly of long-chain (n-C16and n-C18) alcohols, and having traces of long-chain aldehydes (derived from plasmalogens).Cells grown in the presence of alcohols usually had a higher phosphatide content, a correspondingly lower non-phosphatide content, and a higher non-saponifiable content than control cells. Total lipid content or relative proportions of the phosphatide components in alcohol-grown cells did not differ significantly from those of control cells.

scholarly journals Lipids monitoring in Scenedesmus obliquus based on terahertz technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongni Shao ◽  
Weimin Gu ◽  
Y ating Qiu ◽  
Shengfeng Wang ◽  
Yan Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Terahertz Spectroscopy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Spectroscopic Method ◽  
Scenedesmus Obliquus ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Nitrogen Stress ◽  
Terahertz Technology

Abstract Background Microalgae are considered as a source of low pollution and renewable fuel due to their ability to synthesize an abundance of lipids. Conventional methods for lipid quantification are time-consuming and chemically contaminated, while spectroscopic method combined with mathematical model is much more attractive due to its ability of qualitative and quantitative analysis of material composition, in this sense, terahertz technology provides not only timely and non-destructive testing without chemical pollution, but also provides information on the functional group vibration mode and structure of the measured components. Therefore, terahertz technology is utilized in our investigation and proposed for microalgae metabolism detection. Results The aim of this study was to use terahertz spectroscopy to observe lipid content in Scenedesmus obliquus (S. obliquus). We collected the THz spectra of S. obliquus which were cultivated under nitrogen stress and terahertz spectroscopy was used to analyze changes in substance components (lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and β-carotene). The PLS algorithm was used to model the terahertz data to distinguish the different lipid content of S. obliquus under nitrogen stress. The correlation coefficient of the prediction results of the lipid characteristic band modeling was above 0.991, and the root mean square error was less than 0.132. It indicated that terahertz technology can be used to discriminate S. obliquus cells under different nitrogen stress effectively. The correlation between the terahertz characteristic peak (9.3 THz) and the total lipid content determined by gravimetry reaches 0.960. The final results were compared with the commonly used spectroscopic methods for lipid observation (Raman spectroscopy). Conclusions In this article, we demonstrated the effectiveness of terahertz spectroscopy to monitor changes in microalgae lipid content under nitrogen stress. Terahertz spectroscopy is more suitable for industrial production or ordinary laboratories which require intermediate result with low-frequency screening. When quantifying microalgae lipids, the constraint of terahertz spectroscopy is far less than that of Raman spectroscopy, and it is easier for operator to accurately quantify microalgae lipid. In addition, it is still in early stage for the study of microalgae using terahertz spectroscopy technology, there is still much potential for us to explore.

Screening Method for Lipid-Content Microalgae Based on Sulfo-Phospho-Vanillin Reaction

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3532-3535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zong Di Hao ◽  
Ping Huai Liu ◽  
Xun Yang ◽  
Jie Shi ◽  
Sen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Microalgal Oil ◽  
Microalgal Culture ◽  
High Lipid

Studies that address the use of microalgae as biofuels often require the frequent measurement of total lipid content. Traditional methods for the quantification of lipid are time-consuming or involve the use of expensive analytical equipment that is not available in many labs. Here we investigated microalgal culture as the starting material and simple, colorimetric method for quantitative measurement of neutral lipids in microalgae with a relatively high correlation coefficient (R2=0.9038) between gravimetric and spectrophotometric quantification. Linear responses for triolein, vegetable oil and microalgal oil in a concentration range between 0.1 and 1 mg/l were observed. Using this method, Monoraphidium pusillum were screened out of several microalgal strains with the highest lipid content (25.52% dry weight). The color reaction for quantitation of microalgal lipids has significant advantages over traditional methods for screening of high lipid-content strains. Our data implied that the sensitivity and versatility enable this method a useful tool in screening of lipid-content microalgae.

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