Preparation of Self Curable Unsaturated Polyester with Pendant Hydroxyl Groups and Investigation of its Curing Properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Huan Meng ◽  
Hai Yan Li ◽  
Yi Yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Main Chain ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
Addition Reaction ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Ft Ir

Self curable unsaturated polyesters with pendant hydroxyl groups on main chain were synthesized through the polycondensation of maleic anhydride and glycidol at different raw material ratios. The preparation process and self-curing properties were studied. Investigation demonstrated that the unsaturated polyester resin could be self cured through the addition reaction of pendant hydroxyl groups with the double bonds on main chain when it was heated above 150°C without additional cross-linking monomer. This research may contribute to improve air pollution caused by volatile of cross-linking monomers. H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to characterize.

Unsaturated Polyesters with Pendant Double Bonds and Investigation of their Self Curable Activity

2014 ◽  
Vol 1052 ◽  
pp. 262-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Yan Li ◽  
Yi Yu Chen ◽  
Fang Fang Zhu ◽  
Chong Wen Li
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Double Bonds ◽  
Unsaturated Polyesters ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Nucleophilic Addition Reaction ◽  
Ft Ir

In this paper, the self-curable unsaturated polyester was put forward as a new solution to air pollution problems caused by the cross-linking monomer’s volatilization in unsaturated polyesters (UP) industry. Two kinds of unsaturated polyesters with the vinyl double bonds at the side chain were synthesized with Itaconic acid (IA) or Itaconic anhydride (ITA) as raw materials. The first one was prepared with IA, isophthalic acid and propylene glycol (IPP-UP), and the second one was synthesized with glycidol (GL) and ITA (IG-UP). Investigation demonstrates that the latter UP resin could be self-cured through the nucleophilic addition reaction of hydroxyl groups with double bonds or the free-radical homopolymerization of double bonds when they were heated without cross-linking monomers. However, the former couldn’t. Factors on self-crosslinking activity and crosslinking mechamism of pendant vinyl bonds from IA or ITA were explored.1H-NMR and FT-IR were used to characterize.

Fabrication and Characterization of Banana Fiber Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Resin Based Composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
Md. Sahadat Hossain ◽  
Mashrafi Bin Mobarak ◽  
Farzana Khan Rony ◽  
Sazia Sultana ◽  
Monika Mahmud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyester Resin ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester Resin ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Banana Fiber ◽  
Bending Modulus ◽  
Ft Ir

Concerning the importance of composite material for multi-purpose applications, an attempt has been taken to synthesize composites using natural fiber with unsaturated polyester resin. Since the use of synthetic polymer plays a key role in polluting the environment, we have used natural fiber (banana fiber) as an alternative source. Our approach dealt with the preparation of reinforced composites by hand lay-up technique using 20 % banana fiber (by weight) as reinforcing materials. Several techniques were applied to characterize synthesized composites e.g. universal testing machine (UTM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). UTM facilitated the measurement of the tensile strength (TS), tensile modulus (TM), elongation at break (EB), bending strength (BS), and bending modulus (BM) while functional groups were confirmed by FT-IR and the morphology of the composites was investigated by SEM. Observed results revealed that the TS, TM, BS, and BM followed an increasing fashion of 100%, 53%, 75%, and 55% respectively with respect to the matrix materials. On the other hand, the EB of the composite reduced drastically by 50%. Hence, higher mechanical properties were obtained for the banana fiber reinforced composites (BFRC) than the unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) matrix.

Study on Synthesis and Characterization of Unsaturated Polyester by Enzyme-Catalyzed

2013 ◽  
Vol 575-576 ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
Fen Juan Shao ◽  
Qun Yang ◽  
Lan Ying Li ◽  
Da Nian Lu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Cross Link ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Ft Ir

Unsaturated polyester was prepared with adipic acid (AA), fumaric acid (FA), itaconic acid (IA) and 1, 6-hexanediol (HD) by enzyme-catalyzed polmerization. The insoluble gel fraction (Qs), as the cross-linking degree of cured unsaturated polyesters which could be self-cross-linked at high temperature through C=C in it, was got by Soxhlet Extraction. The properties were investigated by FT-IR, 1H NMR, DSC, XRD and so on. The results indicated that the C=C in unsaturated diacids reduced the acitvity of N435, which affected the polmerization. With the introduction of C=C of IA or FA, the Mn of polyester reduced. The C=C could self-cross-link under high temperature for lengthy time. The higher the temperature and the longer the time, the Qs increased. As the C=C of IA was in the side chain, it could move easily. Then Qs of poly (AA-co-IA-co-HD) was higher than ploy (AA-co-FA-co-HD). With the increased content of unsaturated diacid, Qs increased. And the biodegradation of cross-linked polyesters became worse.

Effects of Cross-Linking Agents on Synthesis of Heat-Resistant Resin from Ethylene Tar

2012 ◽  
Vol 217-219 ◽  
pp. 1159-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yang Shi ◽  
Ming Bo Wu ◽  
Yu Wei Wang ◽  
Shi Bin Li
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Structure Parameters ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Graphite Composites

Ethylene tar (ET) was utilized as raw material, 1,4-benzenedimethanol and trioxane as crosslinking agent to prepare condensed poly-nuclear aromatic resin (COPNAR). FT-IR, 1H-NMR, TGA, elemental analysis, and improved Brown-Ladner calculation were systematically conducted for ET, COPNAR, and COPNAR/graphite composites prepared via graphite molding. The ET average molecular structure parameters were calculated using improved Brown-Ladner method, the crosslinking agent was found an important factor for the COPNAR synthesis, and the obtained COPNAR and CONPAR/graphite composites exhibited highly beneficial heat resistance.

Influence of Aluminum Hydroxide Particles on the Properties of Polyurethane Based on Unsaturated Polyester

2013 ◽  
Vol 721 ◽  
pp. 210-214
Author(s):  
Xiong Wu ◽  
Bai Jie Zhou ◽  
Fan Zhuo Meng ◽  
Qian Hu ◽  
Ji Lin Pan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Aluminum Hydroxide ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Fracture Morphology ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Acid And Base ◽  
Different Content

A polyurethane based on unsaturated polyesters (PUP) was prepared, which can be cured and cross-linking reaction under room temperature. The polyurethane-based resin exhibited excellent endurance to acid and base relative to traditional unsaturated polyester resin. Different content and particle size of aluminum hydroxide particles were added into the PUP to improve the properties of final materials. Experiment results showed that proper content and size of aluminum hydroxide particles can improve the mechanic properties, thermal stability and electrical insulation of PUP materials to some extent. Such result was confirmed by the fracture morphology of the samples because of the well dispersion of aluminum hydroxide particles into PUP phase.

Carbon Extraction from Rice Husk and its Application as a Microwave Adsorbent

2020 ◽  
Vol 860 ◽  
pp. 178-184
Author(s):  
Yusmaniar ◽  
Shirley Juwita ◽  
Wisnu Ari Adi ◽  
Mochamad Ridho Fuazi ◽  
Erfan Handoko
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Wave ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Reflection Loss ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Composite Matrix ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Composite Filler

The purpose of this research is to observe the influence of carbon from rice husk charcoal composition at Unsaturated Polyester Resin/Carbon (UPR/C) composite as electromagnetic wave absorber. In this research, carbon has been synthesized from rice husk charcoal. Characterization with SEM-EDX and FT-IR showed that the carbon consists of C, O, and Si atoms. Characterization with XRD showed that carbon from rice husk charcoal is amorf with the maximum value of 2θ is 22,86o, respectively. Carbon from rice husk charcoal then is used as a composite filler with UPR as the composite matrix with ratio filler/matrix such as 5:95; 10:90; 15:85; 20:80 and 25:75 (%w/w). Characterization with VNA is done at the frequency range of 8-12 GHz. It has been found that the composite which contains filler carbon 20% exhibits optimum reflection loss of peaks with-19,5909 dB at 10.60 GHz. The result showed that inside UPR/C composite can be used as an electromagnetic wave absorber.

Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) Process of Tannin from Mangrove Propagules Waste as Natural Dye for Coloring Batik tulis

2019 ◽  
Vol 805 ◽  
pp. 128-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prima A. Handayani ◽  
Achmad Chafidz ◽  
Nur Salsabilah Ramadani ◽  
Dewi Kartika
Keyword(s):  
Natural Dye ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ft Ir

Mangrove propagule waste is one of the biomass wastes that decays fast, hence it can pollute the environment. Mangrove propagule contains 30.43% tannin, and thus it has high potential to be used as a natural dye for coloringBatik Tulis. Unfortunately, this raw material has not been utilized optimally. The objective of this study is to extract tannin substances from mangrove propagules by using Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) method. The effects of solvent types (i.e. ethanol and distilled water), material-solvent ratio, extraction time and temperature on the yield of tannin obtained have also been investigated. The extraction results were analyzed by FT-IR to determine the presence of tannin contained in the dyes. The extraction results showed that the optimum yield of etanol solvent was 27.5%, which occured at material-solvent ratio of 0.04 g/ml, extraction time of 30 minutes, and temperature of 60°C. Whereas, the distilled water produced 22.7% yield of tannin, which also occured at material and solvent ratio 0.04 g/ml, extraction time of 30 minutes, and temperature of 80°C. Additionally, FT-IR analysis of tannin extract from mangrove propagules with etanol and distilled water showed the presence of hydroxyl groups (O-H), groups (C-H), C = C groups, and C-O groups.

Preparation and Properties of Solid Buoyancy Materials for Deep Sea with New Unsaturated Polyesters as Matrix

2016 ◽  
Vol 705 ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Yan Li ◽  
Fang Fang Zhu ◽  
Yi Yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Main Chain ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Glass Microspheres ◽  
Hollow Glass Microspheres ◽  
Hollow Glass ◽  
Base Resin

A solid buoyancy material (SBM) for deep sea was prepared with a new unsaturated polyester as the base resin, the hollow glass microspheres (HGM) as filler and some other additives. The new kind of unsaturated polyester resin (IPP-UP) was prepared with itaconic acid, isophthalic acid and propylene glycol as the raw materials, on the main chain of which the unsaturated double bonds exist as pendant groups. The hollow glass microspheres are purchased from 3M Company, USA, with the density of 0.42g/cm3 and compressive strength 55.2MPa. By adjust the amount of the hollow glass microspheres, samples of SBM for deep sea with different densities, water absorptions and compressive strengths were made. Studies have shown that, when the filling amount of HGM reaches 60% of the base resin system mass, the buoyant material exhibits excellent low density, low water absorption and high compressive strength which are 0.62g/cm3, 0.59% at 20°C for 24 hours and 67.5MPa.

scholarly journals Esterification of solid wood for plastic forming

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 6282-6298
Author(s):  
Mitsuru Abe ◽  
Yukiko Enomoto ◽  
Masako Seki ◽  
Tsunehisa Miki
Keyword(s):  
Water Resistance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Water ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements ◽  
Plastic Forming ◽  
Ft Ir

Plastic formation from wood has recently attracted immense attention as a new method of producing three-dimensional materials by only one press. In this study, hydroxyl groups in (block-shaped) wood were replaced with ester groups to realize plastic formation. FT-IR measurements indicated that most of the hydroxyl groups in the block-shaped wood were replaced by ester groups after 4 h of treatment. The thermal properties of the esterified wood were investigated; the modulus of elasticity decreased remarkably when heated. Particularly, propionylated wood demonstrated a distinct softening point at relatively low temperatures, demonstrating its thermoplasticity. Additionally, the propionylated wood was stretched extensively by pressing with heat, showing its fluidity. Observation of the end grain of the esterified wood samples after pressing revealed that slippage occurred between the cells, resulting in the bulk flow of the wood. Finally, plastic formation using propionylated wood as the raw material was attempted, and a cup-shaped three-dimensional product was successfully formed. Contact angle measurements demonstrated that the cup-shaped molded product exhibited high water resistance. Thereafter, re-forming was attempted, using crushed fragments of the cup-shaped molded product, and a plate-shaped product was successfully re-formed. Thus, esterification is a promising method for increasing fluidity in solid wood, helping to enable its utilization in plastic forming.

Performance Study on Scale Inhibition of Biodegradable Water Treatment Agent

2013 ◽  
Vol 748 ◽  
pp. 320-324
Author(s):  
Wu Chen ◽  
Da Yong Wang ◽  
Ping Mei
Keyword(s):  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Main Chain ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Polyaspartic Acid ◽  
Scale Inhibition ◽  
Treatment Agent ◽  
Ft Ir

The intermediate product polysuccinimide was synthesized by catalytic polymerization with L-aspartic acid as raw material in liquid phase, and then the main chain of poly (aspartic acid) were introduced several new functional groups by the method of open-loop, synthesized polyaspartic acid and its derivatives. The structure of these products were characterized by FT-IR, and the properties of scale inhibition and biodegradability of polyaspartic acid and its derivatives were studied. The results show that the several types of polymers have biodegradable properties. After the new functional groups were grafted in PASP, the performance of scale inhibition of Ca3(PO4)2 could significantly be improved,but reduce the performance of scale inhibition of BaSO4.

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