The Effect of Heat-Treatment on the Phase Transformation of Hard Clam Shell

2013 ◽  
Vol 770 ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Kulnicha Poch-Chongdach ◽  
Jakrapong Kaewkhao ◽  
Wichian Siriprom ◽  
Kanyakorn Teanchai ◽  
Pichet Limsuwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Hard Clam ◽  
Meretrix Meretrix ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Clam Shell ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Specific Temperature ◽  
Xrd Patterns

The aim of this work is to a systematic study of trace element, crystal structure and structural transformation upon heat treatment. The hard clam (Meretrix meretrix) shells was ground and characterized as powder throughout this work. Trace element of the hard clam shells was determination easiest and fasts by energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) techniques, while the crystal structure was identifications by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The result showed that, the element content are Calcium (Ca), Aluminum (Al), Titanium (Ti), Ferrum (Fe), Copper (Cu) and Strontium (Sr), along with the crystal structure of the hard clam shells from the XRD patterns is shown aragonite phase. Another that, the consequence of heat treatment was annealed the hard clam shell samples at specific temperature over the range 300 1200 °C were studied.

scholarly journals Synchrotron Nano-Diffraction Study of Thermally Treated Asbestos Tremolite from Val d’Ala, Turin (Italy)

Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlotta Giacobbe ◽  
Jonathan Wright ◽  
Dario Di Giuseppe ◽  
Alessandro Zoboli ◽  
Mauro Zapparoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Structure Analysis ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Nano Crystalline ◽  
Original Fibre

Nowadays, due to the adverse health effects associated with exposure to asbestos, its removal and thermal inertization has become one of the most promising ways for reducing waste risk management. Despite all the advances in structure analysis of fibers and characterization, some problems still remain that are very hard to solve. One challenge is the structure analysis of natural micro- and nano-crystalline samples, which do not form crystals large enough for single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD), and their analysis is often hampered by reflection overlap and the coexistence of multiple fibres linked together. In this paper, we have used nano-focused synchrotron X-rays to refine the crystal structure of a micrometric tremolite fibres from Val d’Ala, Turin (Italy) after various heat treatment. The structure of the original fibre and after heating to 800 °C show minor differences, while the fibre that was heated at 1000 °C is recrystallized into pyroxene phases and cristobalite.

Synthesis of Novel Chromium Oxide Using Hydrothermal Method and Analysis of its Magnetism and Structure

2011 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Shintaro Ogawa ◽  
Koji Okuta ◽  
Hirohiko Sato
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Layered Structure ◽  
Rietveld Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spin Glass Behavior ◽  
Glass Behavior

We have discovered a novel compound Na0.12CrO2Ge0.18Ox•yH2O using a hydrothermal method. Its powder X-ray diffraction reveals a monoclinic unit cell with lattice parameters: a = 7.260 Å, b = 2.950 Å, c = 5.117 Å and β = 103.7°. A Rietveld analysis shows that this compound has a layered structure based on CrO2 sheets consisting of edge-shared CrO6 octahedra. Such a layered structure is commonly seen in many hexagonal Cr oxides such as NaCrO2. A heat treatment at 100 °C modifies the crystal structure without destruction of a layered structure based on Cr triangular-lattice, because H2O molecules among the CrO2 sheets are removed at high temperature. Magnetization measurements reveal a spin-glass behavior below Tg = 3 K.

The Effects of Solvents on the Solvothermal Synthesis of BiVO4 Photocatalyst Powders

2015 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 154-158
Author(s):  
N. Thanomsri ◽  
C. Mongkolkachit ◽  
T. Sato ◽  
X. Wu ◽  
Pornapa Sujaridworakun
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Photo Degradation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structure Surface ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Visible Light Photocatalytic

In this study, the effects of different solvents such as ethanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol on the preparation of BiVO4 via solvothermal process, and the influent of calcination heat treatment were studied. The crystal structure, surface area, morphology and optical properties of the obtained BiVO4 particles were investigated by means of X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer Emmett Teller method (BET), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and UV-Vis reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), respectively. XRD patterns reveal that all of the obtained BiVO4 samples prepared by solvothermal at 130°C for 4 h have monoclinic structure. The UV-Vis DRS demonstrates that the band gaps of prepared BiVO4 are about 2.38-2.40 eV. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by photo-degradation of rhodamine B (Rh B) solution under visible light irradiation (λ>420 nm). As the results, the BiVO4 prepared by using ethanol having high crystallinity and surface area showed the highest visible light photocatalytic activity compared to using glycerol and ethylene glycerol, respectively. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activity of BiVO4 prepared by using ethylene glycerol and glycerol could be enhanced by calcination heat treatment at 500°C for 2 h.

Magnetic Properties of Tb(Ni0.95Fe0.05)3 Crystalline Compound and Powder

2013 ◽  
Vol 203-204 ◽  
pp. 292-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Ociepka ◽  
Ania Bajorek ◽  
Artur Chrobak ◽  
Grażyna Chełkowska
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Magnetocaloric Effect ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Crystalline Compound ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Arc Melting ◽  
Melting Technique ◽  
Xrd Patterns

The magnetic properties and the crystal structure of the ball-milled Tb(Ni0.95Fe0.05)3compound have been studied by using magnetization measurements and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results were compared with those obtained for the bulk compound prepared by arc-melting technique. The investigated sample is polycrystalline and crystallizes in the rhombohedral PuNi3type of crystal structure (space group R-3m). With the increase of the time milling (i.e. 1 h, 24 h and 48 h) a for-mation of grains less than 1μm and a reduction of magnetocaloric effect have been observed. The analysis of XRD patterns for ball-milled powders shows that after 48h milling time there is still visible a crystalline structure.

scholarly journals The structure and optical properties of organic semiconductor bulk hetrojunction blend (NiPcTs/Alq3) thin films

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (33) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
Atyaf H. Kadhum
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Spin Coating ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Bulk Heterojunction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Xrd Patterns

The effect of heat treatment on the optical properties of the bulk heterojunction blend nickel (II) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt and Tris (8-hydroxyquinolinato) Aluminum (NiPcTs/Alq3) thin films which prepared by spin coating was described in this study. The films coated on a glass substrate with speed of 1500 rpm for 1.5 min and treated with different annealing temperature (373, 423 and 473) K. The samples characterized using UV-Vis, X ray diffraction and Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra, XRD patterns indicated the presence of amorphous and polycrystalline blend (NiPcTs/Alq3). The results of UV visible shows that the band gap increase with increasing the annealing temperature up to 373 K and decreases with increase the annealing temperature to (423, 473)K respectively.

Crystal Structure and Hydrogen Storage Properties of novel Mg-Zr-(Li, Na, K) Hydrides Prepared by Gigapascal Hydrogen Pressure Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuhiko Takeichi ◽  
Kenji Shida ◽  
Xiao Yang ◽  
Tetsuo Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Hydrogen Pressure ◽  
Hydrogen Desorption ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrogen Storage Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pressure Method ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Storage Properties ◽  
Fcc Structure

ABSTRACTNovel Mg-Zr-A (A=Na, Li and K) hydrides have been synthesized by the gigapascal hydrogen pressure method. Their crystal structures were analyzed based on synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. In the Mg-Zr-H system, the Mg-Zr hydride with FCC structure was formed under 8 GPa and 873 K. In the case of Mg-Zr-Li and Mg-Zr-K systems, the quaternary hydrides were formed and these retained the same crystal structure, FCC structure, up to x = 1.0 While in the Mg-Zr-Na system, the quaternary hydrides were formed and these retained the FCC structure, up to x = 0.3. With the addition of 0.5 NaH, a hydride with the Ca7Ge type structure was formed instead of the FCC structure. The Mg-Zr-(Li, Na, K) hydrides can reversibly absorb and desorb hydrogen. The hydrogen desorption temperatures of those hydrides decrease with the increasing ionic radius of the alkali metal.

Structural and Textural of Marine Mollusc Shell

2012 ◽  
Vol 506 ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wichian Siriprom ◽  
K. Kirdsiri ◽  
Jakrapong Kaewkhao ◽  
N. Chumnanvej ◽  
A. Choeysuppaket ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Esr Spectroscopy ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mollusc Shell ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Marine Mollusc ◽  
Mixture Phase ◽  
Mussel Shells ◽  
Xrd Patterns

The Anadaragranosa and Pernaviridis shell sample were prepared in powder and plate form has been studied. The crystal structure of the shells was studied by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The identification and quantitative analysis were performed by the XRD patterns and the Rietveld method. It found that the crystal structure of Anadaragranosa shells is a pure aragonite phase, and the Pernaviridis shells is a mixture phase of aragonite and calcite. Also we used the scanning electron microscope (SEM) to study the Morphology of the Anadaragranosa and Pernaviridis shell sample. The results on SEM micrographs agree well with those of XRD. The results from SEM can be described the textural information and used to determine of the mollusc shell. In addition, the metals in the shells were determined by ESR spectroscopy. The metals in all samples reveals that Mn were found in all mussel shells, and then the ESR spectrum agree well with those of XRD and SEM result, then it can be used to indentification of structural of mollusc shell.

Structure Characterisation and Optical Properties of Eu3+-Doped LaAlO3

2013 ◽  
Vol 745-746 ◽  
pp. 136-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Wu ◽  
Hong Mei Deng ◽  
Nuo Fan Ding ◽  
Hu Rui Yan ◽  
Ping Xiong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Reflection Spectra ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Liquid Mixing ◽  
Mixing Method ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Xrd Patterns

In this paper, Eu3+-doped LaAlO3 powders which with the concentration of Eu3+ in the range of 0~5% were prepared by a new liquid mixing method. The structure of the LaAlO3 powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the influence of the increase of temperature on the crystal structure were also studied. We found that the powders crystallized above 800 which means higher temperature can improve the crystallization. The influences of the increasing Eu3+ concentration were also studied through the XRD patterns. The average sizes of the samples were also calculated by the Sherrer equation. The optical properties of different concentration of Eu3+-doped LaAlO3 particles were investigated through the reflection spectra.

X-ray powder reference patterns of the Fe(Sb2+xTe1−x) skutterudites for thermoelectric applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wong-Ng ◽  
J.A. Kaduk ◽  
G. Tan ◽  
Y. Yan ◽  
X. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Bond Distance ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Covalent Radius ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Powder Diffraction File ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Xrd Patterns

The crystal structure and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns for three skutterudite samples, Fe(Sb2+xTe1−x), x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, have been determined. These compounds crystallize in the cubic space group $Im\bar 3$. Te was found to randomly substitute in the Sb site. Because of the fact the covalent radius of Sb is greater than that of Te, a trend of increasing lattice parameter has been observed as the x value in Fe(Sb2+xTe1−x) increases [cell parameters range from 9.10432(4) to 9.11120(3) Å for x = 0.0 to 0.2, respectively]. The Fe–Sb/Te bond distance also increases progressively [from 2.5358(4) to 2.5388(4) Å] as the Te content decreases. While average Sb/Te–Sb/Te distances in the four-membered rings are similar in these three compounds, the average Sb/Te–Sb/Te edge distances in the octahedral framework increase progressively from 3.5845(12) to 3.5900(13) Å. Reference XRD patterns of these three phases have been prepared to be included in the Powder Diffraction File (PDF).

Crystal structure of an inclusion complex between chiral monoaza-15-crown-5 and S(–)-1-phenyl-ethyl ammonium percholorate

2003 ◽  
Vol 218 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Süheyla Özbey ◽  
F. B. Kaynak ◽  
M. Toğrul ◽  
N. Demirel ◽  
H. Hoşgören
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Inclusion Complex ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
New Type

AbstractA new type of inclusion complex, S(–)-1 phenyl ethyl ammonium percholorate complex of R-(–)-2-ethyl - N - benzyl - 4, 7, 10, 13 - tetraoxa -1- azacyclopentadecane, has been prepared and studied by NMR, IR and single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The compound crystallizes in space group

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