Short Review of Ultrafiltration of Polymer Membrane as a Self-Cleaning and Antifouling in the Wastewater System

2013 ◽  
Vol 795 ◽  
pp. 318-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Hawa Mohamad ◽  
M.I. Idris ◽  
Hasan Zuhudi Abdullah ◽  
Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Surface Coating ◽  
Membrane Structure ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Polymer Membrane ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Wastewater Systems ◽  
Self Cleaning ◽  
Almost All

This paper focuses on ultrafiltration polymer membrane for wastewater systems as a self-cleaning and antifouling. Fouling is one of the most important problems in almost all membrane processes. In this review, membrane antifouling and self-cleaning properties can be improved by using titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles and UV radiation on membrane structure and surface. Coating TiO2particles on membrane surface is an advanced method to minimize membrane fouling. Hence, these properties can be improved the membrane performance.

scholarly journals Application of Zwitterions in Forward Osmosis: A Short Review

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 583
Author(s):  
Yu-Hsuan Chiao ◽  
Arijit Sengupta ◽  
Micah Belle Marie Yap Ang ◽  
Shu-Ting Chen ◽  
Teow Yeit Haan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Interfacial Polymerization ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Chemical Cleaning ◽  
Membrane Performance

Forward osmosis (FO) is an important desalination method to produce potable water. It was also used to treat different wastewater streams, including industrial as well as municipal wastewater. Though FO is environmentally benign, energy intensive, and highly efficient; it still suffers from four types of fouling namely: organic fouling, inorganic scaling, biofouling and colloidal fouling or a combination of these types of fouling. Membrane fouling may require simple shear force and physical cleaning for sufficient recovery of membrane performance. Severe fouling may need chemical cleaning, especially when a slimy biofilm or severe microbial colony is formed. Modification of FO membrane through introducing zwitterionic moieties on the membrane surface has been proven to enhance antifouling property. In addition, it could also significantly improve the separation efficiency and longevity of the membrane. Zwitterion moieties can also incorporate in draw solution as electrolytes in FO process. It could be in a form of a monomer or a polymer. Hence, this review comprehensively discussed several methods of inclusion of zwitterionic moieties in FO membrane. These methods include atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP); second interfacial polymerization (SIP); coating and in situ formation. Furthermore, an attempt was made to understand the mechanism of improvement in FO performance by zwitterionic moieties. Finally, the future prospective of the application of zwitterions in FO has been discussed.

scholarly journals Reduction of Biofouling of a Microfiltration Membrane Using Amide Functionalities—Hydrophilization without Changes in Morphology

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1379
Author(s):  
Daniel Breite ◽  
Marco Went ◽  
Andrea Prager ◽  
Mathias Kühnert ◽  
Agnes Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Hydrophobic Membrane ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Microfiltration Membrane ◽  
Membrane Performance

A major goal of membrane science is the improvement of the membrane performance and the reduction of fouling effects, which occur during most aqueous filtration applications. Increasing the surface hydrophilicity can improve the membrane performance (in case of aqueous media) and decelerates membrane fouling. In this study, a PES microfiltration membrane (14,600 L m−2 h−1 bar−1) was hydrophilized using a hydrophilic surface coating based on amide functionalities, converting the hydrophobic membrane surface (water contact angle, WCA: ~90°) into an extremely hydrophilic one (WCA: ~30°). The amide layer was created by first immobilizing piperazine to the membrane surface via electron beam irradiation. Subsequently, a reaction with 1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl trichloride (TMC) was applied to generate an amide structure. The presented approach resulted in a hydrophilic membrane surface, while maintaining permeance of the membrane without pore blocking. All membranes were investigated regarding their permeance, porosity, average pore size, morphology (SEM), chemical composition (XPS), and wettability. Soxhlet extraction was carried out to demonstrate the stability of the applied coating. The improvement of the modified membranes was demonstrated using dead-end filtration of algae solutions. After three fouling cycles, about 60% of the initial permeance remain for the modified membranes, while only ~25% remain for the reference.

Influence of Membrane Structure and Chemical Characteristics on Separation and Fouling of Nanofiltration Membranes

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 394-398
Author(s):  
Li Qing Zhang ◽  
Gang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Structure ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Surface Chemical ◽  
Nanofiltration Membranes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Physical Chemical

Nanofiltration membranes act an important role in the advanced water treatment as well as waste water reclamation and other industrial separations. Therefore, an understanding of the factors affecting NF separation and membrane fouling in high-pressure membrane systems is needed. Recent studies have shown that membrane surface morphology and structure as well as surface chemical characteristics influence permeability, rejection, and fouling behavior of nanofiltration (NF) membranes. A comprehensive literature review is reported, targeting the physical-chemical characteristics of NF membrane affecting separation and fouling, including pore size, porosity, surface morphology (measured as roughness), surface charge, and hydrophobicity/ hydrophilicity.

scholarly journals Development of Polysulfone Membrane via Vapor-Induced Phase Separation for Oil/Water Emulsion Filtration

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2519
Author(s):  
Nafiu Umar Barambu ◽  
Muhammad Roil Bilad ◽  
Mohamad Azmi Bustam ◽  
Nurul Huda ◽  
Juhana Jaafar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Structure ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Hydrophobic Membrane ◽  
Polysulfone Membrane ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Oil Water

The discharge of improperly treated oil/water emulsion by industries imposes detrimental effects on human health and the environment. The membrane process is a promising technology for oil/water emulsion treatment. However, it faces the challenge of being maintaining due to membrane fouling. It occurs as a result of the strong interaction between the hydrophobic oil droplets and the hydrophobic membrane surface. This issue has attracted research interest in developing the membrane material that possesses high hydraulic and fouling resistance performances. This research explores the vapor-induced phase separation (VIPS) method for the fabrication of a hydrophilic polysulfone (PSF) membrane with the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the additive for the treatment of oil/water emulsion. Results show that the slow nonsolvent intake in VIPS greatly influences the resulting membrane structure that allows the higher retention of the additive within the membrane matrix. By extending the exposure time of the cast film under humid air, both surface chemistry and morphology of the resulting membrane can be enhanced. By extending the exposure time from 0 to 60 s, the water contact angle decreases from 70.28 ± 0.61° to 57.72 ± 0.61°, and the clean water permeability increases from 328.70 ± 8.27 to 501.89 ± 8.92 (L·m−2·h−1·bar−1). Moreover, the oil rejection also improves from 85.06 ± 1.6 to 98.48 ± 1.2%. The membrane structure was transformed from a porous top layer with a finger-like macrovoid sub-structure to a relatively thick top layer with a sponge-like macrovoid-free sub-structure. Overall results demonstrate the potential of the VIPS process to enhance both surface chemistry and morphology of the PSF membrane.

scholarly journals Effect of Initial Water Flux on the Performance of Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor: Constant Flux Mode versus Varying Flux Mode

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Xiawen Yi ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Weilong Song ◽  
Xinhua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Constant Flux ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Fouling Mitigation ◽  
Flux Mode

Anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) have aroused growing interest in wastewater treatment and energy recovery. However, serious membrane fouling remains a critical hindrance to AnMBRs. Here, a novel membrane fouling mitigation via optimizing initial water flux is proposed, and its feasibility was evaluated by comparing the membrane performance in AnMBRs between constant flux and varying flux modes. Results indicated that, compared with the constant flux mode, varying flux mode significantly prolonged the membrane operating time by mitigating membrane fouling. Through the analyses of fouled membranes under two operating modes, the mechanism of membrane fouling mitigation was revealed as follows: A low water flux was applied in stage 1 which slowed down the interaction between foulants and membrane surface, especially reduced the deposition of proteins on the membrane surface and formed a thin and loose fouling layer. Correspondingly, the interaction between foulants was weakened in the following stage 2 with a high water flux and, subsequently, the foulants absorbed on the membrane surface was further reduced. In addition, flux operating mode had no impact on the contaminant removal in an AnMBR. This study provides a new way of improving membrane performance in AnMBRs via a varying flux operating mode.

scholarly journals Effect of the Zwitterion, p(MAO-DMPA), on the Internal Structure, Fouling Characteristics, and Dye Rejection Mechanism of PVDF Membranes

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Nelisa Ncumisa Gaxela ◽  
Philiswa Nosizo Nomngongo ◽  
Richard Motlhaletsi Moutloali
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Pvdf Membrane ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Dye Rejection

The zwitterion poly-(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene-3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine) (p(MAO-DMPA)) synthesized using a ring-opening reaction was used as a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane modifier/additive during phase inversion process. The zwitterion was characterized using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Atomic force microscopy (AFM), field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM), FTIR, and contact angle measurements were taken for the membranes. The effect of the zwitterionization content on membrane performance indicators such as pure water flux, membrane fouling, and dye rejection was investigated. The morphology of the membranes showed that the increase in the zwitterion amount led to a general decrease in pore size with a concomitant increase in the number of membrane surface pores. The surface roughness was not particularly affected by the amount of the additive; however, the internal structure was greatly influenced, leading to varying rejection mechanisms for the larger dye molecule. On the other hand, the wettability of the membranes initially decreased with increasing content to a certain point and then increased as the membrane homogeneity changed at higher zwitterion percentages. Flux and fouling properties were enhanced through the addition of zwitterion compared to the pristine PVDF membrane. The high (>90%) rejection of anionic dye, Congo red, indicated that these membranes behaved as ultrafiltration (UF). In comparison, the cationic dye, rhodamine 6G, was only rejected to <70%, with rejection being predominantly electrostatic-based. This work shows that zwitterion addition imparted good membrane performance to PVDF membranes up to an optimum content whereby membrane homogeneity was compromised, leading to poor performance at its higher loading.

Photocatalytic self-cleaning properties of m-phenylene isophthalamide membranes enhanced by immobilization of GO-ZnO-Ag for dye wastewater disposal

2021 ◽  
pp. 095400832110288
Author(s):  
Huan-Yin Xie ◽  
Zhen Chen ◽  
Yi-Jing Li ◽  
Gui-E Chen ◽  
Hai-Fang Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Rejection Rate ◽  
Polymer Membrane ◽  
Hybrid Particles ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Modified Polymer ◽  
Self Cleaning ◽  
Cleaning Technology

Drawing self-cleaning technology into polymer membranes offers an extensive solution to overcome the membrane fouling obstacle. Herein, the GO-ZnO-Ag nano-hybrid particles with photocatalytic activity prepared via the microwave hydrothermal method were immobilized in poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA) membranes. Not only was the thorny issue in catalyst recovery avoided, but also the satisfactory photocatalytic self-cleaning performance of the polymer membrane was awarded. GO and noble metal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) acted as a conductive electron transfer carrier and an electron host, respectively, which hindered the recombination rate of excited electrons and holes on ZnO under UV light. The UV-driven PMIA membrane photodegradation rates of MB and Cr(VI) were up to 97.2% and 94.3%, respectively, at 150 min on photodegradation kinetics. Also, MB was completely degraded at 180 min. For MB and Cr(VI) mix solutions, their degradation efficiencies were 78.1% and 71%, respectively. The BSA rejection rate of the modified polymer membrane was 93.8%, and the water flux was 408.8 (L·m−2·h−1). Permeability was maintained at a high level after repeated use. Therefore, the newly designed PMIA/GO-ZnO-Ag series membranes could expand the application of polymers in wastewater disposal industry.

Numerical Simulation of Hollow Fiber Ultrafiltration Membrane

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Zhou ◽  
A. G. Agwu Nnanna
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Hollow Fiber ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Hollow Fiber Membrane ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Membrane Performance

Low pressure driven ultrafiltraion (UF) processes has been applied in various industries due to its economical and easy operated benefits. Hollow fiber membrane is one of the most used membrane configuration in industry, membrane fouling is the major challenge for widely usage. Most of the investigation of UF was carried out by experiments to determine the effect of different operating conditions on permeate flux. However, experiments provide limited insight information on the membrane performance. In addition, the prediction of permeate flux under different operating conditions is necessary for experimental design and optimization. The purpose of the present study is to develop a numerical model to simulate the UF process and investigate the UF mechanism. A numerical model was developed using commercial CFD package (FLUENT). The effects of various operating conditions on permeate flux were determined by experiments and simulations, the comparison of the experimental and CFD results shows good agreements. Controlling membrane fouling will maintain a high productivity. The simulations were carried out to investigate the efficiency of removing accumulated particles on membrane surface by installing spacer filaments in membrane channels. The results suggested that the zigzag type spacer has d/h = 0.5 and l/h = 5 is more economical and efficient in reducing fouling.

scholarly journals Membrane Fouling Monitoring in a Submerged Membrane Bioreactor

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 653
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Azis ◽  
Marianthi Malioka ◽  
Spyridon Ntougias ◽  
Paraschos Melidis
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
Major Disadvantage

Use of Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) technology for municipal wastewater treatment has been increased in recent years, as it successfully overcomes the disadvantages of the conventional activated sludge process. Membrane fouling is the major disadvantage of MBRs and leads to decreased membrane performance and expanded operational expenses. In this study, fouling was monitored in a pilot-scale submerged MBR system fed with municipal wastewater. TMP was directly measured on the membrane module during the operation. To control TMP increase owing to biosolids accumulation on membrane surface, successive backwashes and air-cross flow velocity increase were applied. These measures lowered TMP and improved flux.

Removal of natural organic matter using iron oxide-coated membrane systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-H. Choo ◽  
I.-H. Park ◽  
S.-J. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Oxide Particle ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Iron Oxide Particle ◽  
Membrane Performance

Natural organic matter (NOM) removal and membrane fouling were investigated using iron oxide-coated microfiltration (MF) systems for drinking water treatment. Addition of iron oxide particle (IOP) adsorbents into MF always improved NOM removal and reduced fouling, but IOP dosing methods did affect the membrane performance. The IOP coating layer formed on the membrane surface played a major role in preventing membrane fouling by residual NOM in water. Pre-mixing of IOP with raw water followed by continuous injection into the MF system controlled membrane fouling better than pre- and intermittent loadings of IOP. This could be in close association with the distribution of IOPs across the hollow fiber MF surfaces and the effectiveness of contact of IOP with feedwater. The turbidity of water influenced the MF system with intermittent IOP loads more greatly than that with IOP in suspension. There existed an optimal IOP dose where membrane fouling can be minimized achieving maximal NOM removal.

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