Effect of Temperature on H2S/CO2 Corrosion Behaviors of P110-3Cr Steel

Flowing solution environment containing H2S/CO2was simulated by high temperature and high pressure autoclave. Corrosion behaviors of P110-3Cr pipeline steels were investigated by Weight loss, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Effect of temperature on corrosion rate and corrosion product was discussed. The results showed that corrosion rate of P110-3Cr steel decrease at the beginning and then increased with rising temperature. The corrosion types are general corrosion. P110-3Cr has resistance to local corrosion. Mackinawite (FeS0.9) is formed as corrosion product in low-temperature condition. With temperature increasing the corrosion products are dominated by mackinawite (FeS0.9) and Cubic iron sulfide (Fe3S4). When temperature increased to 150 ¡æ, the corrosion products are made up of Hexagonal iron sulfide (Fe0.96S) and Orthorhombic Marcasite (FeS2). No siderite (FeCO3) is detected, the corrosion is controlled by H2S; Cr is rich in the corrosion scale.

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Effect of Temperature on the Corrosion Behavior of Biodegradable AZ31B Magnesium Alloy in Ringer’s Physiological Solution

Metals ◽

10.3390/met9050591 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 591 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sebastian Feliu ◽

Lucien Veleva ◽

Federico García-Galvan

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Rate ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Physiological Solution ◽

Corrosion Layer ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

X Ray ◽

Ringer’S Solution ◽

Corrosion Behaviors ◽

Az31b Alloy ◽

Increasing Temperature

In this work, the corrosion behaviors of the AZ31B alloy in Ringer’s solution at 20 °C and 37 °C were compared over four days to better understand the influence of temperature and immersion time on corrosion rate. The corrosion products on the surfaces of the AZ31B alloys were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) provided information about the protective properties of the corrosion layers. A significant acceleration in corrosion rate with increasing temperature was measured using mass loss and evolved hydrogen methods. This temperature effect was directly related to the changes in chemical composition and thickness of the Al-rich corrosion layer formed on the surface of the AZ31B alloy. At 20 °C, the presence of a thick (micrometer scale) Al-rich corrosion layer on the surface reduced the corrosion rate in Ringer’s solution over time. At 37 °C, the incorporation of additional Mg and Al compounds containing Cl into the Al-rich corrosion layer was observed in the early stages of exposure to Ringer’s solution. At 37 °C, a significant decrease in the thickness of this corrosion layer was noted after four days.

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Effect of Temperature and H2S Concentration on Corrosion of X52 Pipeline Steel in Acidic Solutions

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.743-744.589 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 743-744 ◽

pp. 589-596 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Meng Liu ◽

Jian Qiu Wang ◽

Wei Ke

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Rate ◽

Pipeline Steel ◽

Corrosion Products ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Corrosion Mechanism ◽

General Corrosion ◽

Ferrous Sulfide ◽

Immersion Corrosion ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Diffraction Patterns

The corrosion behavior of X52 pipeline steel in H2S solutions was investigated through immersion corrosion test which was carried out in a high temperature and high pressure autoclave at different temperatures and H2S concentrations. General corrosion rates were calculated based on the weight loss of samples. The morphology and the chemical composition of the corrosion products were obtained by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The crystal structure of corrosion products was analyzed by X-Ray diffraction patterns (XRD). The corrosion products consisted mainly of the sulfide compounds (mackinawite, cubic ferrous sulfide, troilite and pyrrhotite). The corrosion products included two layers: the inner iron-rich layer and the outer sulfur-rich layer. Under H2S concentrations of 27g/L, the corrosion rate increased with the increase of temperature up to 90°C and then decreased at 120°C, finaly increased again. The corrosion rate first increased with H2S concentrations then decreased at 120°C. The structure and stability of the corrosion products due to different corrosion mechanism had a major impact on the corrosion rate. The corrosion resistance of the corrosion products increased as follows: mackinawite < cubic ferrous sulfide < troilite < pyrrhotite.

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Zinc/Silver Particle (Zn/AgP) Composite Coatings: Evaluation of Corrosion in Physiological Environments and Antibacterial Activity against P. aeruginosa

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings10040337 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 337

Author(s):

Berenice Castro-Rodríguez ◽

Arnulfo Terán-López ◽

Yolanda Reyes-Vidal ◽

Francisco J. Bácame-Valenzuela ◽

José G. Flores ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Rate ◽

Silver Particle ◽

Optical Emission Spectroscopy ◽

Composite Coatings ◽

Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽

Optical Emission ◽

Homogeneous Distribution ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Phosphate Buffered Saline

In this work, zinc/silver particle (Zn/AgP) composite coatings were manufactured by electrodeposition to investigate their antibacterial capacity and corrosion rate in physiological environments. The morphology and composition of the coatings were analysed by glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy coupled to an energy dispersive spectrometer. The results showed the formation of Zn/AgP composite coatings with a homogeneous distribution of Ag throughout the coating surface and depth. Additionally, the Ag content in the coatings increased with increasing concentrations of AgP in the electrolytic solution. The Zn/AgP composite coatings with 0.30 wt.% Ag on the surface (0.30 wt.% Agsurf) showed efficiencies close to 100% growth inhibition of the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa after 10 min of contact. The corrosion rate of the Zn and the Zn/AgP (0.30 wt.% Agsurf) coatings in Hank’s, Ringer’s and Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solutions was evaluated by polarization curves and by immersion tests over different time periods (7, 30, and 40 days). The corrosion rate of the Zn/AgP (0.30 wt.% Agsurf) coatings was on the order of tenths of microns per year and the amount of zinc mass dissolving per day was in the range of 0.15 to 0.7 mg cm−2. Additionally, the surface of the coatings was analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) after 40 days of immersion. These results showed the formation of ZnO, as the main corrosion product, in the samples immersed in Hank’s and Ringer’s solutions. In the samples immersed in PBS, the formation of a passivating film of Zn2(PO4)3·2H2O was detected.

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Electrochemical and Microstructural Analysis of FeS Films from Acidic Chemical Bath at Varying Temperatures, pH, and Immersion Time

International Journal of Corrosion ◽

10.1155/2016/1025261 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ladan Khaksar ◽

Gary Whelan ◽

John Shirokoff

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Rate ◽

Immersion Time ◽

Iron Sulfide ◽

Microstructural Analysis ◽

Corrosion Products ◽

Initial Increase ◽

Protective Film ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

X Ray ◽

Increasing Temperature

The corrosion resistance and corrosion products of 4130 alloy steel have been investigated by depositing thin films of iron sulfide synthesized from an acidic chemical bath. Tests were conducted at varying temperatures (25°C–75°C), pH levels (2–4), and immersion time (24–72 hours). The corrosion behavior was monitored by linear polarization resistance (LPR) method. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) have been applied to characterize the corrosion products. The results show that, along with the formation of an iron sulfide protective film on the alloy surface, increasing temperature, increasing immersion time, and decreasing pH all directly increase the corrosion rate of steel in the tested experimental conditions. It was also concluded that increasing temperature causes an initial increase of the corrosion rate followed by a large decrease due to transformation of the iron sulfide crystalline structure.

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Corrosion analysis of copper T2 exposed to polluted atmospheres and study on prediction model

Corrosion Reviews ◽

10.1515/corrrev-2016-0068 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 35-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhiping Zhu ◽

Xiandi Zuo ◽

Zhaohui Ying

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Rate ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Corrosion Behaviour ◽

Corrosion Products ◽

Good Prediction ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Early Stages ◽

Metal Materials ◽

The Mathematical Model

AbstractThe power supply accident caused by the corrosion of metal materials in the substation has become an important issue that affects the safe operation of the power grid. The corrosion of copper T2 was the most serious. The corrosion behaviour of copper T2 in SO2- and H2S-containing atmospheric environments was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the nonequidistant grey GM(1,1) model was established of which the precision and forecast dependability were evaluated. Results indicated that the corrosion rate of copper in the SO2 environment increased in the early stages of corrosion and then gradually decreased at the later stages. In contrast, the corrosion rate of copper in the H2S environment slowly increased in the early stages of corrosion and then sharply increased at the later stages. The corrosion products in the SO2 environment consisted of cuprite (Cu2O) and brochantite [Cu4(OH)6SO4], whereas the corrosion products in the H2S environment were Cu2O and chalcocite (Cu2S). The mathematical model has good prediction dependability and higher forecast reliability.

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The titanic 80 years later: initial observations on the microstructure and biogeochemistry of corrosion products

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100131280 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 1330-1331

Author(s):

Patricia Stoffyn ◽

Dale E. Buckley

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽

Corrosion Products ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

The Core ◽

Inner Surface ◽

Manned Submersible ◽

Small Needle ◽

Scanning Electron

The “Titanic 91” Expedition, carried out from the Russian Academy of Science vessel “Akademik Keldysh”, recovered artifacts from the wreck of the Titanic using the manned submersible “MIR-2”. Conspicuous corrosion products are iron rusticles resembling stalactites. These rusticles can reach lengths of several tens of cm and grow from various parts of the ship (Fig. 1). The origin of the rusticles and their relation to other corrosion products was investigated using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an x-ray energy dispersive spectrometer and a separate x-ray diffraction system.Rusticles are formed of a brittle iron oxy-hydroxide shell approximately 100 to 200 μm thick, with a smooth dark red outer surface (toward seawater) and an orange rough inner surface (toward the centre of the rusticle). The core of the rusticle and the inner surface of the shell is made of a reticular framework of spherical aggregates. The small needle-like crystals forming these aggregates (Fig. 2) are goethite (α- FeO(OH)).

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A mossbauer and X-ray study of the corrosion products of mild steel plates buried in four New Zealand soils

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr9780215 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 215 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

JH Johnston ◽

JB Metson ◽

CW Childs ◽

HR Penhale

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Mild Steel ◽

Corrosion Product ◽

Corrosion Products ◽

Steel Plates ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

57Fe Mössbauer ◽

Magnetite Fe3o4

57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction methods have been used to study the nature of the corrosion products of mild steel plates buried in four New Zealand soils of widely differing properties. This shows that superparamagnetic goethite (�-FeOOH) is the major corrosion product, with akagankite (�-FeOOH) and lepidocrocite (y-FeOOH) the next most abundant. Magnetite (Fe3O4) is also present in some samples.

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Effect of Temperature on Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles Prepared by Coprecipitation Method

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.900.172 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 900 ◽

pp. 172-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ji Mei Niu ◽

Zhi Gang Zheng

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽

Coprecipitation Method ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Vibrating Sample Magnetometer ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Magnetic Carriers ◽

Average Grain Size ◽

Or Gene ◽

Block Temperature

The Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles obtained by the aqueous coprecipitation method are characterized systematically using scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and vibrating sample magnetometer. These magnetic nanoparticles are spheric, dispersive, and have average grain size of 50 nm. The size and magnetic properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles can be tuned by the reaction temperature. All samples exhibit high saturation magnetization (Ms=53.4 emu·g-1) and superparamagnetic behavior with a block temperature (TB) of 215K. These properties make such Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles worthy candidates for the magnetic carriers of targeted-drug or gene therapy in future.

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Extraction of Boron from Ludwigite Ore: Mechanism of Soda-Ash Roasting of Lizardite and Szaibelyite

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min9090533 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 533 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Xin Zhang ◽

Guanghui Li ◽

Jinxiang You ◽

Jian Wang ◽

Jun Luo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sodium Carbonate ◽

Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽

Low Grade ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Selective Activation ◽

X Ray ◽

Shed Light ◽

Soda Ash ◽

Scanning Electron

Ludwigite ore is a typical low-grade boron ore accounting for 58.5% boron resource of China, which is mainly composed of magnetite, lizardite and szaibelyite. During soda-ash roasting of ludwigite ore, the presence of lizardite hinders the selective activation of boron. In this work, lizardite and szaibelyite were prepared and their soda-ash roasting behaviors were investigated using thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) analyses, in order to shed light on the soda-ash activation of boron within ludwigite ore. Thermodynamics of Na2CO3-MgSiO3-Mg2SiO4-Mg2B2O5 via FactSage show that the formation of Na2MgSiO4 was preferential for the reaction between Na2CO3 and MgSiO3/Mg2SiO4. While, regarding the reaction between Na2CO3 and Mg2B2O5, the formation of NaBO2 was foremost. Raising temperature was beneficial for the soda-ash roasting of lizardite and szaibelyite. At a temperature lower than the melting of sodium carbonate (851 °C), the soda-ash roasting of szaibelyite was faster than that of lizardite. Moreover, the melting of sodium carbonate accelerated the reaction between lizardite with sodium carbonate.

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