Metals Distribution (Cu, Zn, Pb, Mn and Ni) in Campus Wastewater: K-S Test and Friedman ANOVA

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 1755-1758
Author(s):  
Rita Sundari ◽  
Rosdanelli Hasibuan ◽  
Fakhri Abdul Malik
Keyword(s):  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Nonparametric Tests ◽  
Critical Values ◽  
Nickel Concentration ◽  
Water Parameters ◽  
Chemical Background ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
One Way Anova

Metals distribution (Cu, Zn, Pb, Mn and Ni) in campus wastewater was examined by nonparametric tests (Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K S) and Friedman One-Way ANOVA). Based on the K-S test, all metals except zinc followed normal distribution. Based on the Friedman One-Way ANOVA test, nickel concentration posed substantial difference between three sampling stations under study (p < 0.05). All metals posed under the critical values on the basis of Environmental Quality (Sewage and Industrial Effluents) Regulations (1979). The water parameters (BOD, COD, TSS, pH and temperature) were also implicated to inform the chemical background of wastewater under study in relation to metals distribution.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals Distribution in the Artisanal Gold Mining Area in Wonogiri

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad - Nurcholis ◽  
Dwi Fitri Yudiantoro ◽  
Darban - Haryanto ◽  
Abdurrachman - Mirzam
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Area Survey ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov

Artisanal and small gold mining activity in Wonogiri Regency has long been done with problems on environmental quality. This study was aimed to analyze the levels and spatial distribution of heavy metals in the mining area. Survey of  mining and amalgamation sites, sampling the soil and tailings had been conducted. There were 66 samples of soil and tailing were collected, analysis of heavy Fe, Mn, Pb, Hg, As and Co, using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Normal distribution test of data was conducted using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro Wilk.  The spatial distribution of heavy metals was described using Krigging method. Contents of most heavy metals in the area studied were high, except for Co. According to the distribution pattern of heavy metals indicated that the contamination caused by the mining.

scholarly journals Özel Sektörde Çalışan Bireylerin Marka Sadakati Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (23) ◽  
pp. 354-365
Author(s):  
Çağrı İlk
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Brand Loyalty ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Smirnov Test

Examination of Brand Loyalty Levels of Individuals Working in the Private Sector Abstract The aim of this study is to examine the brand loyalty levels of individuals working in the private sector. For this purpose, the sample group of the study consists of a total of 291 participants, 223 women and 68 men, selected using the convenient sampling method. In the study, the "Brand Loyalty Scale", developed by Tekin (2020) and validated and reliable, was used as a data collection tool. In order to determine the distribution of personal information of the participants in the analysis of the data, Kolmogorov Smirnov test was applied to determine whether the data showed a normal distribution, as well as the percentage and frequency descriptive statistical methods. It was determined that the data showed a normal distribution, and Parametric tests Independent sample t-test and One-way Anova tests were applied. According to the research findings, a significant difference was found between the sub-dimensions of the brand loyalty scale according to the variables of gender, marital status, fan club and following the matches. As a result, the level of brand loyalty varies according to the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants. Keywords: Brand, brand loyalty, private sector.

scholarly journals Αξιολόγηση της πρώιμης νευροεξελικτικής παρέμβασης στη νευροαναπτυξιακή πορεία πρόωρων νεογνών υψηλού κινδύνου

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Μαρία Κυριακίδου
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
T Test ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
One Way Anova

Τα ποσοστά θνητότητας των υψηλού κινδύνου πρόωρων νεογνών έχουν σταθεροποιηθεί και συνεπώς η μελέτη των στρατηγικών μείωσης των υψηλών ποσοστών νευροαναπτυξιακών διαταραχών είναι απαραίτητη. Τα υψηλού κινδύνου πρόωρα νεογνά πρέπει να συμμετέχουν σε προγράμματα πρώιμης παρέμβασης από πολύ νωρίς, λόγω της αυξημένης πλαστικότητας του αναπτυσσόμενου εγκεφάλου. Παρόλα αυτά, η αποτελεσματικότητα της παρέμβασης σε όλα τα ΥΚ πρόωρα νεογνά δεν είναι ξεκάθαρη. Έχει αποδειχτεί, ότι οι πρώιμες αναπτυξιακές παρεμβάσεις που ξεκινούν μετά την έξοδο από το νοσοκομείο, βελτιώνουν τη γνωστική ανάπτυξη των νεογνών αλλά το αποτέλεσμα αυτό δε διατηρείται στη σχολική ηλικία. Η απόδειξη των επιδράσεων της πρώιμης παρέμβασης στην κινητική ανάπτυξη είναι ελλιπής. Επομένως, στόχος της παρούσας μελέτης ήταν να αξιολογήσει την επίδραση της πρώιμης παρέμβασης με τη μέθοδο NDT στη γνωστική και κινητική έκβαση ΥΚ πρόωρων νεογνών, μέχρι τη διορθωμένη ηλικία των 18 μηνών αλλά και να συσχετίσει νεογνικούς και περιγεννηρικούς παράγοντες με τη γνωστική και κινητική έκβαση. Στη μελέτη εισήχθησαν νεογνά με ΔΚ≤32 εβδομάδων και ΒΓ≤1500 γραμμαρίων. Αποκλείστηκαν, νεογνά με χρωματοσωμικές ανωμαλίες, μείζονες συγγενείς ανωμαλίες και γενετικά σύνδρομα. Επίσης, αποκλείστηκαν τα νεογνά που στη διορθωμένη ηλικία των 18 μηνών διαγνώστηκαν με εγκεφαλική παράλυση. Συνολικά, 147 νεογνά πληρούσαν τα κριτήρια εισαγωγής και εφαρμόστηκε η δοκιμασία ΤΙΜΡ στη ΔΗ των 38-41 εβδομάδων. Από αυτά, 73 τυχαιοποιήθηκαν στην ομάδα παρέμβασης και 74 στην ομάδα ελέγχου. Η ομάδα παρέμβασης ακολούθησε πρόγραμμα φυσικοθεραπείας με τη μέθοδο NDT με συχνότητα 2 φορές την εβδομάδα, για ένα έτος ενώ η ομάδα ελέγχου εφάρμοσε πρόγραμμα οδηγιών στο σπίτι 2 φορές την εβδομάδα, για ένα έτος. Στη στατιστική ανάλυση χρησιμοποιήθηκε το t-test, η one-way ANOVA, ο έλεγχος χ² κατά Pearson, repeated measures ANOVA και ο έλεγχος κατά Greenhouse-Geisser. Επιπρόσθετα, χρησιμοποιήθηκε ο έλεγχος Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Το ΒΓ και η ΔΚ των νεογνών στις δύο ομάδες ήταν 1325,18 (±368,46) γρ και 30,55 (±1,6) εβδ, αντίστοιχα, στην ομάδα παρέμβασης και 1440,18 (±293,61) και 30,76 (±1,6) στην ομάδα ελέγχου, αντίστοιχα. Η διαφορά δεν ήταν στατιστικά σημαντική. Οι δύο ομάδες ήταν συγκρίσιμες ως προς τους περιγεννητικούς και νεογνικούς παράγοντες . Οι 2 ομάδες αξιολογήθηκαν στη διορθωμένη ηλικία των 3, 6, 12 και 18 μηνών. Οι δύο ομάδες είχαν στατιστικά σημαντική διαφορά στη διορθωμένη ηλικία των 3, 12 και 18 μηνών στη γνωστική και κινητική έκβαση με την ομάδα παρέμβασης να υπερέχει. Στη διορθωμένη ηλικία των 18 μηνών, η ομάδα παρέμβασης σημείωσε μέση βαθμολογία 108,83 (±9,39) στη γνωστική κλίμακα και 109,01 (±10,30) στην κινητική ενώ η ομάδα ελέγχου 99,18 (±7,31) στη γνωστική και 98,81 (±8,91) στην κινητική κλίμακα της δοκιμασίας Bayley III. Η φυσικοθεραπεία (p<0,0001), η IVH (p<0,0001), η πολυδυμία (p=0,008), η ΝΕΚ (p=0,001) και η διάρκεια χορήγησης Ο₂ (p=0,008) επηρέασαν σημαντικά στη βαθμολογία της γνωστικής έκβασης των πρόωρων νεογνών στη διορθωμένη ηλικία των 18 μηνών. Η φυσικοθεραπεία (p<0,0001), ήταν ο μοναδικός παράγοντας που επηρέασε σημαντικά τη βαθμολογία της κινητικής έκβασης των πρόωρων νεογνών στη διορθωμένη ηλικία των 18 μηνών. Τα ΥΚΠΝ επωφελούνται από το πρόγραμμα πρώιμης παρέμβασης με τη μέθοδο NDT, διότι βελτιώνουν την κινητική και γνωστική τους έκβαση μέχρι τη διορθωμένη ηλικία των 18 μηνών. Ως εκ τούτου, συστήνεται η εφαρμογή της μεθόδου κατά τη διάρκεια του 1ου έτους ζωής ως προληπτικό πρόγραμμα θεραπείας στα ΥΚΠΝ. Αδιαμφισβήτητα, μεγαλύτερης διάρκειας μακροχρόνιες παρακολουθήσεις απαιτούνται για να επιβεβαιώσουν ή να απορρίψουν τη διατήρηση των αποτελεσμάτων στην προσχολική ή σχολική ηλικία. Συστήνεται, ο παράγοντας φυσικοθεραπευτική παρέμβαση να συνυπολογίζεται στις πολυπαραγοντικές αναλύσεις διότι οδηγεί σε αξιόπιστη ερμηνεία των αποτελεσμάτων που αφορούν την έκβαση.

scholarly journals Indicadores de desempenho registrados em função do tempo no basquetebol brasileiro

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-181
Author(s):  
Yura Yuka Sato dos Santos ◽  
Lucas Antônio Monezi ◽  
Milton Shoiti Misuta ◽  
Luciano Allegretti Mercadante
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Professional Basketball ◽  
Technical Indicators ◽  
Point Field ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Smirnov Test

Basketball performance analysis using technical indicators dissociated from the moment they occurred in the game seems to no longer respond to emerging issues of the game as it does not identify the periods when a team’s offensive efficiency has increased or decreased. The aim was to characterize and compare the technical indicators in the positive and negative periods and in the whole game of winning and losing teams in men’s professional basketball. Fourteen games of professional men’s teams of the “Novo Basquete Brasil” Championship in the regular 2011/2012 season were filmed and analyzed. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to verify data normality. The independent T test was used for variables with normal distribution and the Mann-Whitney test for variables that did not present normal distribution, in order to compare teams’ performance. Analysis in the whole game showed that winning teams had significantly higher averages in successful 3-point field goals but in the positive periods, they showed higher averages for successful free throws, successful layups, defensive rebounds and defensive fouls, and in negative periods, losing teams made more defensive and offensive fouls. The teams’ performance in the whole game may not elucidate the determinant indicators for building the difference in the scoreboard. It is suggested that coaches should identify the periods of best and worst teams’ performance in the game and the indicators involved, preparing teams to overcome the negative periods and obtain more positive periods in the game. 

Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Russian Federation: Regularities of Spatial Distribution

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 640
Author(s):  
Julia Semenovna PINKOVETSKAYA ◽  
Svetlana Nikolayevna MELIKSETYAN ◽  
Albert Valentinovich PAVLYUK ◽  
Natalya Nikolayevna LIPATOVA ◽  
Ilmir Vilovich NUSRATULLIN
Keyword(s):  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Quality Of Approximation ◽  
Infrastructural Support ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Regions Of Russia

Small and medium-sized business enterprises (SMEs) have been operating in the Russian Federation since 1991. The study is devoted to the development of methods and tools for assessing the current structure of production volumes, the number of employees and the number of small and medium enterprises, as well as individual entrepreneurs through: economic and mathematical modeling; analysis of statistics for all SMEs of each of the regions in Russia; modeling of the weights of small, medium-sized enterprises, individual entrepreneurs in the overall indicators of SMEs and their distribution by regions of Russia is based on the functions of the density of normal distribution. Association of regions of the country with similar indicators is based on cluster analysis using the k-means method. The nine functions of the normal distribution density obtained in the course of the computational experiment have a high quality of approximation of the empirical data, which was confirmed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Pierson and Shapiro-Wilk tests. Clusters have been formed that unite the regions of the country with similar indicators, namely, the specific weights of production, the number of employees and the number of business entities. The results can be used to solve the problems of institutional, financial and infrastructural support for the development of entrepreneurship in the regions of Russia, and the proposed methodology is applicable for studying the activities of territorial aggregates of enterprises of any state.  

scholarly journals Normalization of Showjumping Competition’s Results

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-403
Author(s):  
Zuzana Schubertová ◽  
Juraj Candrák
Keyword(s):  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Previous Model ◽  
Normal Score ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Anderson Darling ◽  
Well Data ◽  
Von Mises ◽  
Variable Ranking ◽  
Ks Test

Abstract The aim of this study was to verify the newly proposed transformation of penalty points and ranking of showjumping horses for the purpose of genetic evaluation. Genomic information in the transformation of input data was used as well. Data of showjumping competition Global Champions Tour was used. Profit of penalty points was transformed to normally distributed variable using Blom formula (height of obstacles and height of obstacles with single nucleotide polymorphism - SNP effect taken into account). Non-normal distribution was obtained. The rankings of sport horses in competitions were transformed using the Blom formula (height of obstacles taken into account) to normal distribution (tests of normality Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test Pr>D, D 0.011, P>0.150, Cramer-von Mises (CM) test Pr>W-Sq, W-Sq 0.039, P>0.250, Anderson-Darling test (AD) Pr>A-Sq, A-Sq 0.638, P<0.097). Better distributed variable ranking transformed by Blom formula (height of obstacles and SNP effect taken into account) was obtained (KS test Pr>D, D 0.004, P>0.150, CM test Pr>W-Sq, W-Sq 0.004, P>0.250, AD test Pr>A-Sq, A-Sq 0.062, P>0.250). Model where all used fixed effects to equation were applied without any combination of the effects was tested, R2 0.54. Variable ranking was transformed to normal score by Blom formula (height of obstacles was taken into account). In the following model some effects were taken into account in the form of quadratic regression, R2 0.61. Variable ranking was transformed to normal score, the same as in previous model. In the last model we transformed variable ranking to normal score by Blom formula, taking into account height of obstacles and SNP effect. Same effects as in previous model were used, R2 0.60

scholarly journals An analysis of student's attitudes towards physical educationObez öğrencilerin beden eğitimi dersine karşı tutumlarının incelenmesi

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 2493
Author(s):  
Emre Çavdar ◽  
Ekrem Levent İlhan ◽  
Oguz Kaan Esentürk
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
School Students ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
One Way Anova

In this study, it is aimed to analyze attitudes of obese students in high school towards physical education according to some variables. 74 secondary education student, 45 of them are girls and 29 boys who studied at three different Anatolian High Schools in the city of Niğde in the 2016-2017 academic year, have been participated in this study. As data collection tool, Physical Education attitude scale for secondary education students developed by Güllü and Güçlü (2009) has been used and coefficient of consistence (Cronbach Alpha) is 0,94. SPSS 23.0 packaged software has been used for assesing the result. Kolmogorov – Smirnov Test have been done regarding whether the data showed normal distribution or not and Kurtosis and Skewness values have been studied. Independent Sample T Test has been used to test the mean difference significance belonging to two group independent variables in the study. One Way ANOVA Test has been used to test the mean differences significence when the number of groups is more than two. At the end of the study, all of the attitude scores belonging to variables have been found high and it has been established that obese high school students’ attitudes towards Physical Education show statictically significant difference, according to gender, in favor of boys (p<0,05). Accordingly, it has been determined that students’ cognitive attitudes acording to obesity level for Physical Education show difference in favor of second grade obese students (p<0,05) and no significent difference found in students’ affective and behavioural attitudes (p>0,05). It has been identified that high school students’ attitudes towards Physical Education show no statistically significant difference according to their calass level variable and time variable which they spent with their communication instruments (p>0,05) As a result, when considering obese students’ positive attitudes towards physical education and sports, in view of obtained findings, it is possible to say that physical education and sports may contribute to increase the participation of obese students and thus make them become healthy individuals.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetBu araştırmada, lise düzeyinde öğrenim gören obez öğrencilerin beden eğitimi dersine yönelik tutumlarının bazı değişkenlere göre incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmaya 2016-2017 eğitim-öğretim yılında Niğde ilinde bulunan üç ayrı Anadolu Lisesi'nde öğrenim gören 45 kız ve 29 erkek olmak üzere toplam 74 lise öğrencisi katılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Güllü ve Güçlü (2009) tarafından geliştirilen "Ortaöğretim Öğrencileri İçin Beden Eğitimi Dersi Tutum Ölçeği Kullanılmış olup ölçeğin iç tutarlılık katsayısı 0.94 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde SPSS 23.0 paket programı kullanılmıştır. Verilerin normal dağılım gösterip göstermediğine ilişkin Kolmogorov-Smirnov Testi yapılmış, Kurtosis ve Skewness değerleri incelenmiştir. Araştırmadaki iki gruplu bağımsız değişkenlere ait ortalama farkların anlamlılığını test etmek için parametrik hipotez testlerinden Independent Sample t testi kullanılmıştır. Grup sayısının ikiden fazla olduğu durumlarda gruplar arasındaki ortalama farklarının anlamlılığını test etmek için ise, One Way ANOVA testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonunda, değişkenlere ait tutum puanlarının hepsi yüksek bulunmuş olup, liselerde öğrenim gören obez öğrencilerin beden eğitimi dersine yönelik tutumlarının cinsiyete göre istatistiksel olarak erkekler lehine anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05). Benzer şekilde öğrencilerin beden eğitimi dersine yönelik obezite düzeyine göre bilişsel tutumlarının 2. sınıf obez öğrenciler lehine anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği belirlenmiş olup (p<0.05), duyuşsal ve davranışsal tutumlarında anlamlı farklılık bulunmamıştır (p>0.05). Öğrencilerin beden eğitimi dersine yönelik tutumlarının öğrenim gördükleri sınıf düzeyine  ve iletişim araçları ile geçirdileri süre değişkenine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık göstermediği belirlenmiştir (p>0.05). Sonuç olarak, obez öğrecilerin beden eğitimi ve spor derslerine karşı tutumlarının olumlu olduğu göz önünde bulundurulduğunda elde edilen bulguların beden eğitimi ve spor derslerinin obez öğrencilerin spora katılımının arttırılması ve dolayısıyla onların sağlıklı bireyler olmalarında önemli düzeyde katkısının olabileceğini söylemek mümkündür

scholarly journals Analisis Pengaruh Variabel-variabel Ekonomi Makro terhadap Return Saham

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 541-550
Author(s):  
Sunaryo Sunaryo
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Daily Newspaper ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Smirnov Test

The primary objective of this research is to learn the effecting inflation, interest rate of Indonesian bank certificate, changes of exchange rate, and changes of outstanding money amounts variables with changes of the return Jakarta composite index. Secondary data were collected from Jakarta composite Index, annual Indonesian bank report, Jakarta daily newspaper, and preceding research by using judgment sampling until it got normal distribution data with Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The results of this research described that inflation, Interest Rate of Indonesian Bank Certificate, and changes of outstanding money variables have not significant effect to the changes of return Jakarta composite index; and changes of exchange rate have significant effect to the changes return of Jakarta composite index. Inflation, interest rate of Indonesian bank certificate, changes of exchange rate, and changes of outstanding money amounts variables have simultaneous significant effect to thechanges return of Jakarta composite index. Topic of this research may continue using other countries or added more than 75.20 % of independence variables.

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