Acid Hydrolysis from Corn Stover for Reducing Sugar

2014 ◽  
Vol 931-932 ◽  
pp. 1608-1613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jintara Satarn ◽  
Wimonporn Lamamorphanth ◽  
Khanita Kamwilaisak

The aim of this study is to extract the reducing sugar by acid hydrolysis of corn stover. The corn stover was hydrolyzed by using H2SO4 at different concentrations (0-6%, v/v),reaction times (15-180 min) at temperature 122 C with ratio of 1 g of corn stover to 20 ml of H2SO4 solution. The samples were analyzed the reducing sugar by HPLC. The optimal conditions of acid hydrolysis was at 1% H2SO4 (v/v), 122 C for 60 min, which produced 24.96 g/L of reducing sugar. The hydrolysed sample composed of 12.4 g/L of xylose, 2.9 g/l of glucose and 3.2 g/L of arabinose. Also, the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was analyzed the morphology of untreated and treated corn stover which showed the breakdown fibril of treated sample.

Holzforschung ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 891-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zengqian Shi ◽  
Zhiyong Cai ◽  
Siqun Wang ◽  
Qixin Zhong ◽  
Joseph J. Bozell

Abstract To improve the conversion of enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass in an energy-efficient manner, two short-time ultrasonication strategies were applied on six types of biomass with different structures and components. The strategies include pre-sonication before the hydrolysis and intermittent sonication during the ongoing hydrolysis. The microstructures of each type of biomass were characterized by scanning electron microscopy to investigate the potential correlation between biomass structure and ultrasonicaton. The concentration of resultant reducing sugar was measured to evaluate the efficiency of the hydrolysis. The results indicate that hydrolysis efficiency greatly depends on the initial structures of biomass and that short-time ultrasonication can yield up to 27.5% improvement in hydrolysis efficiency with only 120 s of sonication.


2014 ◽  
Vol 602-603 ◽  
pp. 947-950
Author(s):  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Hai Yan Chen ◽  
Lin Qiang Gao ◽  
Xin Zou

BiFeO3 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method by a mineralizer (KNO3). Structural characterization was performed by thermal analysis, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (TEM).The results showed that the products were perovskite structure BiFeO3 powders. Optimal conditions for the synthesis of single-phase BiFeO3 ceramics were obtained.


BioResources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1653-1667
Author(s):  
Yawen Zhou ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
Cong Luo ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Changyao Liu ◽  
...  

The effect of metal ions and surfactants on the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated wheat straw lignocellulose was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectrum analysis, dynamic light scattering, and fluorescence spectra analysis were used to characterize the influence of Fe3+/ polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80). The interaction between Fe3+/Tween 80 and enzyme was further investigated by enzyme kinetics and enzyme activity measurements. The best synergistic effect was obtained when the ratio of Fe3+ and Tween 80 was 0.06. The scanning electron microscopy images showed that the Fe3+/Tween 80 combination was associated with high porosity substrates. The infrared spectrum analysis indicated that the components of the substrates depended on additive types. The highest relative enzymatic activity increase rate was obtained with added Fe3+/ Tween 80. The Vmax and Km values of the group with added Fe3+/Tween 80 were much higher than that of the group without additives. With the addition of Fe3+/ Tween 80, the intensity of the fluorescence emission peak decreased and the peak shifted towards a longer wavelength.


2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 1983-1988
Author(s):  
XIANQING HUANG ◽  
LIANJUN SONG ◽  
MINGWU QIAO ◽  
PINGAN ZHANG ◽  
QIUYAN ZHAO

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to establish a three-variable bactericidal model of temperature, time, and concentration to determine the optimal conditions for Bacillus cereus spore inactivation by surfactin. To obtain the binary regression equation of the inactivated spore model, a total of 17 simulations were performed using response surface methodology. The experimental results showed that the three factors each had a discernible but nonequal impact on the inactivation response value. Multiple regression analysis of experimental results using Design-Expert software yielded the following equation: Y = 1.47 + 0.39ξ1(temperature) + 0.38ξ2(time) + 0.39ξ3(concentration) − 0.20ξ1ξ2 + 0.22ξ1ξ2 − 0.12ξ2ξ3 − 0.23ξ12 − 0.11ξ22 − 0.40ξ32. Optimal inactivation of spores was achieved by treatment with surfactin at a concentration of 4 mg/mL for 40 h at 53°C, with the response value reaching 1.8. The spores were treated with surfactin under these conditions; the microstructural changes of spores were observed by use of scanning electron microscopy. We found that the structures of the outer wall of the spores were damaged, whereas the spores in the control sample showed no visible damage. HIGHLIGHTS


2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chemar J. Huntley ◽  
Kristy D. Crews ◽  
Mohamed A. Abdalla ◽  
Albert E. Russell ◽  
Michael L. Curry

Cellulose extractions from wheat straw via hydrochloric, nitric, and sulfuric acid hydrolysis methods were carried out. X-ray diffraction spectral analyses reveal that depending on the acid conditions used the structure of the cellulose exhibited a mixture of polymorphs (i.e., CI and CIII cellulose phases). In addition, the percent crystallinity, diameter, and length of the cellulose fibers varied tremendously as determined by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Thermal gravimetric analysis measurements revealed that the thermal stability of the extracted cellulose varied as a function of the acid strength and conditions used. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the aggregation of cellulose fibers during the drying process is strongly dependent upon the drying process and strength of the acids used.


e-Polymers ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 363-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamim Zargham ◽  
Saeed Bazgir ◽  
Ali Asghar Katbab ◽  
Abosaeed Rashidi

AbstractElectrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers were impregnated with KMnO4 under varying conditions of concentration and time. The morphological structures, chemical and thermal properties were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The original and preoxidized samples were stabilized and carbonized for characterization with SEM and FTIR. The coloration, weight gain and solubility in N,N-dimethylformamide were also evaluated. A clear peak at 2340 cm-1 corresponding to MnO4–C=N conjugation, together with a wide peak at 1650 cm-1, was revealed in the FTIR spectrum of the preoxidized samples. Based on the DSC results, the cyclization reactions in the preoxidized samples were accelerated by initiating the exothermic reaction at lower temperatures. The modified samples had higher reaction times and ΔH values, broad exotherms, lower initial induction time and lower Ti values than the untreated ones.


2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Md Iqbal Hossain ◽  
Humayra Zaman ◽  
Taslima Rahman

<p>Nanocellulose has been in numerous applications and can be obtained from bioresources. This work demonstrates the derivation of nanocellulose from an alternative option i.e. rice husk. The processed rice husk was refined by chemical and mechanical treatments. Nanocellulose was subsequently derived from the refined rice husk through acid hydrolysis followed by centrifugation, dialysis and ultrasonic treatment. Scanning Electron Microscopy ensured the nanoscale diameter while Fourier Transformed InfraRed Spectroscopy confirmed the removal of noncellulosic materials. It is therefore proposed that the native rice husk can also be utilized for manufacturing nanocellulose reducing its adverse environmental impacts.</p><p>Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 20(2018) 19-22</p>


2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Petrova ◽  
M. Georgieva ◽  
V. Chakarova ◽  
E. Dobreva

AbstractThe composite Ni-P coating with diamond particles (D) deposited on the flexible substrates of pressed polyethylene terephthalate material (PET) was obtained, to be used in the development of efficient, flexible grinding and polishing tools. The optimal conditions of the hydrodynamic regime, deposition time and temperature were found. The influence of the concentration and size of the D particles (3/7 ÷ 225/300 μm) on the coating thickness and number of co-deposited particles were studied. By Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images were defined the morphology of dispersion coatings and number of co-deposited particles in them, and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS/INCA) was used to determine the elemental chemical composition of the composite coatings.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Sefrinus Maria Dolfi Kolo ◽  
Jefry Presson ◽  
Pricilia Amfotis

<p>Rumput laut dengan kandungan karbohidrat dan lipid yang tinggi dianggap menjadi sumber energi terbarukan generasi ketiga. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan kadar gula pereduksi optimum, mengetahui tekstur permukaan serbuk sebelum dan sesudah hidrolisis serta menentukan kadar etanol hasil fermentasi. Kandungan karbohidrat rumput laut <em>Ulva reticulata</em> dapat dikonversi menjadi gula heksosa dan pentosa (glukosa, arabinosa, ramnosa, dan xilosa) melalui hidrolisis asam. Campuran gula optimum hasil proses hidrolisis kemudian dikonversi menjadi etanol menggunakan ragi <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>. Fermentasi dilakukan dengan konsentrasi inokulum 10% (v/v) selama 5 hari pada temperatur 30 °C dan pH 4,5. Analisis tekstur permukaan sampel dilakukan dengan <em>Scanning Electron Microscopy</em> (SEM). Analisis gula pereduksi dilakukan dengan metode DNS (Dinitro salisilat). Analisis etanol dilakukan dengan uji kualitatif dan kuantitatif menggunakan metode berat jenis dan kromatografi gas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar gula pereduksi meningkat seiring meningkatnya suhu hidrolisis pada suhu      75 °C ke 150 °C (2,3 – 23,7 g/L) dan mengalami penurunan kadar pada suhu 175 °C menjadi 17,1 g/L. Hasil analisis dengan variasi konsentrasi terhadap waktu 30, 40, 50, dan 60 menit terlihat bahwa kadar gula pereduksi meningkat seiring meningkatnya waktu hidrolisis dari 30 menit sampai 50 menit yakni 23,7 – 33,4 g/L dan mengalami penurunan pada waktu 60 menit yakni 19,2 g/L. Kadar gula pereduksi optimum sebesar 33,4 g/L  pada suhu 150 °C dengan konsentrasi asam 2 % pada waktu hidrolisis 50 menit. Tekstur permukaan serbuk sebelum dan sesudah hidrolisis mengalami perubahan yang signifikan. Hasil uji kualitatif etanol hasil fermentasi dibuktikan dengan adanya perubahan warna dari jingga menjadi biru. Hasil uji kadar etanol dengan metode berat jenis yakni sebesar 1% dan metode kromatografi gas sebesar 5,02%.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Bioethanol Production as Renewable Energy from <em>Ulva Reticulata</em> Seaweed from Timor Island. </strong>Seaweed with carbohydrate and lipid content is considered to be the third generation of renewable energy sources. The carbohydrate content of <em>Ulva reticulata</em> seaweed can be converted into hexose and pentose sugars (glucose, arabinose, ramnose, and xylose) through acid hydrolysis. The optimum sugar mixture resulting from the hydrolysis process is then converted to ethanol using <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> yeast. Fermentation was carried out with an inoculum concentration of 10% (v/v) for five days at a temperature of 30 °C and a pH of 4.5. Analysis of the surface texture of the sample was carried out by <em>Scanning Electron Microscopy</em> (SEM). Reducing sugar analysis was performed using the DNS (Dinitrosalicylate) method. Ethanol analysis was carried out by qualitative and quantitative tests using specific gravity and gas chromatography methods. The results showed that the reducing sugar content increased with increasing hydrolysis temperature at 75 °C to 150 °C (2.3 – 23.7 g/L) and decreased levels at 175 °C to 17.1 g/L. The results of the analysis with various concentrations of 30, 40, 50, and 60 minutes showed that reducing sugar levels increased with increasing hydrolysis time from 30 minutes to 50 minutes, namely 23.7 – 33.4 g/L and decreased at 60 minutes, namely 19.2 g/L. The optimum reducing sugar content was 33.4 g/L at 150 °C with an acid concentration of 2% at 50 minutes of hydrolysis. Powder surface texture before and after hydrolysis experienced significant changes. The qualitative test results of fermented ethanol are evidenced by a change in color from orange to blue. The results of the ethanol content test using the specific gravity method were 1%, and that using the gas chromatography method was 5.02%.</p>


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document