Mg-Al Hydrotalcite/γ-Al2O3 as Fixed-Bed Catalyst in Biodiesel Production

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 1053-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhen Wang ◽  
Jing Tao Yan ◽  
Li Gao ◽  
Chun Min Song ◽  
Hong Ling Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Base Catalysis ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Reaction Conditions

Batch-type base catalysis is currently the main process used for biodiesel production. Methods to reduce costs, improve capacity and decrease the emission of pollutants in the production of biodiesel are of great significance. This paper studied the reaction conditions for fatty acid methyl ester (FAME, referred to as biodiesel) production through the transesterification of soybean oil with methanol in the presence of Mg-Al hydrotalcite/γ-Al2O3as a fixed-bed catalyst. The influences of the methanol-oil ratio, space velocity, reaction temperature and pressure on product conversion were investigated. The results indicated that the optimum reaction conditions were as follows: methanol/oil ratio of 21:1, space velocity of 0.5 h-1, reaction temperature of 340°C, and reaction pressure of 2 MPa. Under these conditions, the one stage conversion rate was 80% and the lifetime of the catalyst was 220 h. The catalyst can process raw materials with high total acid numbers using two stages project.

Influence Factors of Denitration Study on Catalyst Mn-Ce/TiO2

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 526-530
Author(s):  
Chun Xiang Geng ◽  
Qian Qian Chai ◽  
Wei Yao ◽  
Chen Long Wang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Ammonia Gas

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) processes have been one of the most widely used denitration methods at present and the property of low tempreture catalyst becomes a hot research. The Mn-Ce/TiO2 catalyst was prepared by incipient impregnation method. The influence of load capacity, reaction temperature, O2 content, etc. on denitration were studied by a fixed bed catalyst reactor with ammonia gas. Results showed that catalyst with load capacity 18% performed high NO removal rate of 90% at conditions of reaction temperature 160°C, low space velocity, NH3/NO molar ratio 1: 1, O2 concentration 6%.

Preparation and Properties of MgAl2O4-CaAl12O19 High Temperature Composite

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 617-620
Author(s):  
Yong Hong Wang ◽  
Yan Gai Liu ◽  
Tao Yang ◽  
Zhao Hui Huang ◽  
Ming Hao Fang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Industrial Alumina

The utilization of lightweight refractories plays an important role in reducing the energy consumption of industrial furnaces. In this paper, MgAl2O4-CaA112O19 high temperature composite was synthesized via solid state reaction using magnesite, dolomite and industrial alumina as raw materials. The influences of raw materials and reaction temperature on phase compositions and microstructure of the composite were investigated by XRD and SEM，respectively. The parameters to prepare MgAl2O4-CaA112O19 high temperature composite were optimized. The results show that the optimum reaction conditions for synthesizing MgAl2O4-CaA112O19 composite is the CA6/MA weight ratio of 2:3, and the reaction temperature of 1500°C for 4h. The CaA112O19 crystals showed laminated or plate-like structure, and the MgAl2O4 showed spherical morphology. The reaction temperature had little effect on the phase compositions of MA-CA6 composite in this experiment. The content of Al2O3 in the raw material affected the phase composition of MA-CA6 composite.With the increase of the CaA112O19 amount, the bending strength of the composite decreased.

The Synthesis of High Yield Diglycerin Borate

2011 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 312-316
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
Guo Zheng ◽  
Jian Jie Ai ◽  
Xue Jing Wei
Keyword(s):  
Boric Acid ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Reaction Pressure

High yield diglycerin borate(DGB) have been synthesized by the raw materials glycerol and boric acid in this paper. The structure of the products was characterized by FTIR and11B NMR. The yield of the products was discussed by reaction conditions that were material ratio, reaction temperature, reaction pressure etc. and then the optimum process conditions of preparing DGB was decided. In this condition, high yield DGB can be prepared which could reach more than 96%.

Synthesis of Butanone 1,2 - Propanediol Ketal by Sulfamic Acid as Catalyzed

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 276-279
Author(s):  
Yu Hang Zhao ◽  
Li Cui ◽  
Da Zhi Wang ◽  
Tong Kuan Xu ◽  
Yong Peng Li
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sulfamic Acid ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Optimal Reaction

Butanone 1,2-propanediol ketal was synthesized by butanone and 1,2-propanediol as raw materials and sulfamic acid as catalyst. The effects of the mole ratio of raw materials agent, the dosage of the water-carrying agent and catalyst, reaction time on the product yield were discussed separately. Experimental results showed that sulfamic acid was a suitable catalyst for synthesizing of butanone 1,2-propanediol ketal. And the optimal reaction conditions are as follows: the mole ratio of butanone to 1,2-propanediol is 1:1.5, the amount of the catalyst is 2.2%, the water-carrying agent is 25ml, the reaction temperature is 358-378K and reaction time 3h. In this condition, the yield of production could reach 93.8%.

Analysis on Factors Affecting Biodiesel Production Rate Based on Probability Theory

2013 ◽  
Vol 860-863 ◽  
pp. 1030-1034
Author(s):  
Yi Wei ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Mu Zhang ◽  
Yin Dong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Probability Theory ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments ◽  
Optimum Reaction

Biodiesel orthogonal experiments require large amount of experimental data collected and in order to save experimental time, referring to the correlation coefficients analysis in probability theory, the factors which affect the yield of biodiesel are analyzed. Under the same reaction temperature, the range order is as follows: the molar ration of alcohol to oil, the dosage of catalyst and reaction of time. At the same time, it provides theoretical guidance for obtaining optimum reaction conditions .

scholarly journals Kinetika Reaksi Hidrogenasi Ester Lemak Menjadi Alkohol Lemak Dengan Katalis Tembaga- Mangan

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Melia Laniwati Gunawan ◽  
IGBN Makertihartha ◽  
Subagjo Subagjo
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Equation ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Lauryl Alcohol ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Commercial Catalyst ◽  
Copper Manganese ◽  
High Pressure Reaction ◽  
Copper Based Catalyst

Fatty alcohol (FAOH) can be produced by hydrogenating of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) using the copper-based catalyst. Copper-Chrom (Cu-Cr) is the best catalyst for high-pressure reaction condition, which is copper (Cu) as the main active component and chrom (Cr) as a promoter. Since Cr is feared to be toxic, one of the best replacement candidates is manganese (Mn). The research aims is to find the kinetic equation of hydrogenation FAME to FAOH using a Cu-Mn commercial catalyst.  FAME with methyl laurate and methyl myristate as the main compounds is used as feedstock. The main products are lauryl alcohol and myristyl alcohol. The reaction was carried out in an isothermal continuous fixed bed reactor under conditions of temperature 220 – 240 oC, pressure 50 bar, and liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) 5-12.5 hr-1.  The kinetic equation is determined using the power law model. The FAME hydrogenation on copper - manganese catalyst is the half order reaction. The activation energy value is 86.32 kJ/mol and the Arrhenius constant value is 5.87x106  M0.5/s.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature, Syngas Space Velocity and Catalyst Stability of Co-Mn/CNT Bimetallic Catalyst on Fischer Tropsch Synthesis Performance

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 846
Author(s):  
Omid Akbarzadeh ◽  
Solhe F. Alshahateet ◽  
Noor Asmawati Mohd Zabidi ◽  
Seyedehmaryam Moosavi ◽  
Amir Kordijazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Bimetallic Catalyst ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Catalyst Stability ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Strong Electrostatic Adsorption ◽  
Co Conversion

The effect of reaction temperature, syngas space velocity, and catalyst stability on Fischer-Tropsch reaction was investigated using a fixed-bed microreactor. Cobalt and Manganese bimetallic catalysts on carbon nanotubes (CNT) support (Co-Mn/CNT) were synthesized via the strong electrostatic adsorption (SEA) method. For testing the performance of the catalyst, Co-Mn/CNT catalysts with four different manganese percentages (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%) were synthesized. Synthesized catalysts were then analyzed by TEM, FESEM, atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), and zeta potential sizer. In this study, the temperature was varied from 200 to 280 °C and syngas space velocity was varied from 0.5 to 4.5 L/g.h. Results showed an increasing reaction temperature from 200 °C to 280 °C with reaction pressure of 20 atm, the Space velocity of 2.5 L/h.g and H2/CO ratio of 2, lead to the rise of CO % conversion from 59.5% to 88.2% and an increase for C5+ selectivity from 83.2% to 85.8%. When compared to the other catalyst formulation, the catalyst sample with 95% cobalt and 5% manganese on CNT support (95Co5Mn/CNT) performed more stable for 48 h on stream.

scholarly journals The Effect of the Reaction Conditions on the Properties of Products from Co-hydrotreating of Rapeseed Oil and Petroleum Middle Distillates

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 442
Author(s):  
Petr Straka ◽  
Josef Blažek ◽  
Daria Toullis ◽  
Tomáš Ihnát ◽  
Pavel Šimáček
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Total Conversion ◽  
Hydrogen Flow ◽  
Weight Hourly Space Velocity ◽  
Middle Distillates ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst

This study compares the hydrotreating of the mixture of petroleum middle distillates and the same mixture containing 20 wt % of rapeseed oil. We also study the effect of the temperature and the weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) on the co-hydrotreating of gas oil and rapeseed oil mixture. The hydrotreating is performed over a commercial hydrotreating Ni-Mo/Al2O3 catalyst at temperatures of ca. 320, 330, 340, and 350 °C with a WHSV of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 h−1 under a pressure of 4 MPa and at a constant hydrogen flow of 28 dm3·h−1. The total conversion of the rapeseed oil is achieved under all the tested reaction conditions. The content of the aromatic hydrocarbons in the products reached a minimum at the lowest reaction temperature and WHSV. The content of sulphur in the products did not exceed 10 mg∙kg−1 at the reaction temperature of 350 °C and a WHSV of 1.0 h−1 and WHSV of 0.5 h−1 regardless of the reaction temperature. Our results show that in the hydrotreating of the feedstock containing rapeseed oil, a large amount of hydrogen is consumed for the dearomatisation of the fossil part and the saturation of the double bonds in the rapeseed oil and its hydrodeoxygenation.

Effects of Reaction Conditions on Low-Temperature Removal of Carbon Disulfide over Modified Coconut Shell Activated Carbons Catalysts

2014 ◽  
Vol 894 ◽  
pp. 293-299
Author(s):  
Li Hong Tang ◽  
Hui Bin Guo ◽  
Kai Li ◽  
Ping Ning ◽  
Chi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Disulfide ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Catalytic Hydrolysis ◽  
Inlet Concentration ◽  
Reaction Conditions

In this work, a series of modified coconut shell activated carbons (CSAC) catalysts were prepared by sol-gel method and used for catalytic hydrolysis of carbon disulfide (CS2) at low-temperatures. The influences of reaction conditions such as: reaction temperature, O2 concentration, relative humidity (RH), gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) and inlet concentration of CS2 on catalytic hydrolysis activities were studied. When the reaction temperature was 60°C, this catalyst showed the best catalytic performance and no better effect occurs with the increase of temperature. CS2 hydrolysis activities were decreased with increasing amounts of O2. When the RH was 30%, the catalyst manifests the best activity. The catalytic hydrolysis activities were decreased with increased of GHSV from 5000~20000h-1. In addition, when the inlet concentration of CS2 increased from 10ppm to 100ppm, the catalytic hydrolysis activities could be decreased.

Methanol Dehydrogenation to Formaldehyde over Zinc Oxide-Modified Sodium Carbonate

2013 ◽  
Vol 750-752 ◽  
pp. 1826-1830
Author(s):  
Qing Song Wang ◽  
Gong Li ◽  
Min Jian Huang ◽  
Shu Xi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Methanol Dehydrogenation ◽  
Weight Hourly Space Velocity ◽  
Catalyst Composition ◽  
Grinding Method

Methanol dehydrogenation to formaldehyde was conducted in a fixed-bed flow reactor under the atmospheric pressure with sodium carbonate modified by metal oxides. The effects of catalyst composition, reaction temperature, weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) on the reaction were investigated. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, TG and nitrogen adsorption. The results indicated that ZnO/Na2CO3 containing 2wt% ZnO prepared by mechanical grinding method had higher catalytic activity for methanol dehydrogenation to formaldehyde. The conversion of methanol and the selectivity of formaldehyde were respectively 57.62% and 77.84% under the condition of wmethanol/wfeed =0.19, reaction temperature 650°C and WHSV (methanol) 7h-1.

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