Effects of Different Treatments on Properties of Biogas Fermentation with Ginger Skin

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 284-289
Author(s):  
Jing Hui Liu ◽  
Wi Di Zhang ◽  
Fang Yin ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Xing Ling Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Methane Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Natural Decay ◽  
Gas Potential ◽  
Direct Fermentation

In order to obtain gas potential and characteristics of ginger skin in biogas fermentation as raw material, and explore effect of different treatments on properties of biogas fermentation with ginger skin. At the temperature of 30°C, biogas fermentations with ginger skin were treated in two ways (natural decay and mixed with pig manure). Experiments were respectively set five different treatments (direct fermentation, natural decay, adding pig manure after natural decay (TS content of pig manure / TS content of ginger skin were respectively 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1)). The results showed gas potential of ginger skin and total gas production were respectively 118.08ml/gTS and 320ml, after the 11th day, the fermentation was in a serious acidification, as a result of stopping gas production. The fermentations with ginger skin which went through natural decay and adding pig manure after natural decay can both eliminate acidification which caused by use of ginger skin directly, and conduce to the fermentation with ginger skin. The fermentation with ginger skin which went through natural decay had higher degradation rate of TS, total gas production, TS gas potential and methane content than fermentation with ginger skin directly.

scholarly journals Application of Modified Gompertz Model to Study on Biogas production from middle temperature co-digestion of pig manure and dead pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 03022
Author(s):  
Hongguang Zhu ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Cheng Xiaowei
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Gompertz Model ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Middle Temperature ◽  
Modified Gompertz Model

The dead pig is an organic waste rich in oil and protein, and is an ideal anaerobic digestion raw material. This study based on single factor ANOVA and Modified Gompertz model. It investigated the effects of the ratio of dead pigs on biogas production by middle temperature co-digestion of pig manure and dead pigs. And the biogas production potential was determined. The results showed that there was no significant correlation between the ratio of dead pigs and the biogas production. The ratio would significantly affect the average methane content and degradation rate. When the addition ratio was in the range of 3 to 15%, the biogas production was between 191.39 and 202.44 (L/kg VS). The average contents of methane were 50.67%, 50.35%, 41.83%, 45.53% and 44.57%, respectively. The time required to reach 80% of the biogas production was 28, 34, 36, 65 and 63 days, respectively. The degradation rate of the raw materials was generally decreased with the increase of the addition ratio. The results of Modified Gompertz model fitting showed that the mixed raw materials had a fully anaerobic digestion with high utilization rate and short hysteresis in the range of 0 ~ 9%. Therefore, a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 30 days and the addition ratio was in the range of 0 to 6% could be recommended for a continuous digester. It could get a better gas production and higher raw material utilization.

scholarly journals Innovations in anaerobic digestion: a model-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Postawa ◽  
Jerzy Szczygieł ◽  
Marek Kułażyński
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Methane Content ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Increasing the efficiency of the biogas production process is possible by modifying the technological installations of the biogas plant. In this study, specific solutions based on a mathematical model that lead to favorable results were proposed. Three configurations were considered: classical anaerobic digestion (AD) and its two modifications, two-phase AD (TPAD) and autogenerative high-pressure digestion (AHPD). The model has been validated based on measurements from a biogas plant located in Poland. Afterward, the TPAD and AHPD concepts were numerically tested for the same volume and feeding conditions. Results The TPAD system increased the overall biogas production from 9.06 to 9.59%, depending on the feedstock composition, while the content of methane was slightly lower in the whole production chain. On the other hand, the AHPD provided the best purity of the produced fuel, in which a methane content value of 82.13% was reached. At the same time, the overpressure leads to a decrease of around 7.5% in the volumetric production efficiency. The study indicated that the dilution of maize silage with pig manure, instead of water, can have significant benefits in the selected configurations. The content of pig slurry strengthens the impact of the selected process modifications—in the first case, by increasing the production efficiency, and in the second, by improving the methane content in the biogas. Conclusions The proposed mathematical model of the AD process proved to be a valuable tool for the description and design of biogas plant. The analysis shows that the overall impact of the presented process modifications is mutually opposite. The feedstock composition has a moderate and unsteady impact on the production profile, in the tested modifications. The dilution with pig manure, instead of water, leads to a slightly better efficiency in the classical configuration. For the TPAD process, the trend is very similar, but the AHPD biogas plant indicates a reverse tendency. Overall, the recommendation from this article is to use the AHPD concept if the composition of the biogas is the most important. In the case in which the performance is the most important factor, it is favorable to use the TPAD configuration.

Experimental Parameter Study on Synthesis Gas Production by Steam-Oxygen Fluidized Bed Gasification of Sewage Sludge

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 579
Author(s):  
Max Schmid ◽  
Selina Hafner ◽  
Günter Scheffknecht
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Experimental Parameter ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Parameter Study ◽  
Syngas Production ◽  
Fuels And Chemicals

The conversion of biogenic residues to fuels and chemicals via gasification and synthesis processes is a promising pathway to replace fossil carbon. In this study, the focus is set on sewage sludge gasification for syngas production. Experiments were carried out in a 20 kW fuel input bubbling fluidized bed facility with steam and oxygen as gasification agent. In-situ produced sewage sludge ash was used as bed material. The sensitivity of the key operation parameters gasifier temperature, oxygen ratio, steam to carbon ratio, and the space velocity on the syngas composition (H2, CO, CO2, CH4, CxHy, H2S, COS, NH3, and tars) was determined. The results show that the produced syngas has high H2 and CO concentrations of up to 0.37 m3 m−3 and 0.18 m3 m−3, respectively, and is thus suitable for synthesis of fuels and chemicals. By adjusting the steam to carbon ratio, the syngas’ H2 to CO ratio can be purposely tailored by the water gas shift reaction for various synthesis products, e.g., synthetic natural gas (H2/CO = 3) or Fischer–Tropsch products (H2/CO = 2). Also, the composition and yields of fly ash and bed ash are presented. Through the gasification process, the cadmium and mercury contents of the bed ash were drastically reduced. The ash is suitable as secondary raw material for phosphorous or phosphate fertilizer production. Overall, a broad database was generated that can be used for process simulation and process design.

Ceramic Proppants Based on Ultrabasic Rocks of Kazakhstan Chromite Ore Deposits

2019 ◽  
Vol 946 ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
A.A. Biryukova ◽  
T.D. Dzhienalyev ◽  
A.V. Boronina
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Magnesium Silicate ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chrome Spinel ◽  
Overburden Rock ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Silicate Ceramic

The purpose of the work is the obtaining of magnesium silicate ceramic proppants, based on ultrabasic overburden rocks of Kempirsai deposits of chromite ores (Kazakhstan). The chemical and mineralogical composition of ultrabasic overburden rock was studied by chemical, microscopic and X-ray diffraction analyzes. It is established that the main mineral of ultrabasic overburden rocks is serpentine, present in the form of fibrous chrysotile and lamellar antigorite. In the impurities are iron oxides and hydroxides, chrome spinel, carbonates, quartz. Assessment of the use of overburden rocks as a raw material for the production of ceramic proppants was carried out. The sintering interval of overburden rocks was determined at 1280-1300 °C. The sintering firing optimum temperature of ceramics, based on this type of raw material is 1300 °C. It is established that to harden the structure of magnesium silicate ceramic it is necessary to activate the raw material thermally at a temperature of 1000 °C. The influence of binder type on the properties of magnesium silicate proppants, based on the Kempirsai serpentinites was studied. Magnesium silicate proppants, based on ultrabasic overburden rocks, were obtained with the following properties: apparent density – 1.6 g/cm3, strength resistance (52 MPa) – 14%, sphericity and roundness – 0.8; chemical resistance (hydrochloric acid) – 98%, static strength of the fraction 16/20 - 72–118 N/granule. The field of application is oil and gas production, metallurgy and ceramic industries.

scholarly journals Insecticide’s Disappearance after Field Treatment and during Processing into Byproducts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Angioni ◽  
Nicola Arru
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Epicuticular Waxes ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Table Olive ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Processing Techniques

Insecticide\'s disappearance after field treatments could be ascribed to different factors such as sunlight photodegradation, dilution effect due to fruit growth, co-distillation during fruit respiration and evaporation. Moreover, the epicuticular waxes could speed or slow down the degradation rate, and the cultivation in an open field or greenhouses could affect the residues dramatically. After harvest, the processing techniques to produce byproducts deeply influence insecticide residues. For example, fruit drying, winemaking, the industrial processing of tomatoes to produce purée, triple-concentrated paste, fine pulp, diced, olive processing to obtain table olive and olive oil, and other industrial applications on fruits affect residues and their half-life time. The scope of this chapter is to highlight the major factors responsible for the disappearance of insecticides after treatment. Moreover, the chapter intends to review the influence of the industrial processes on insecticide behaviour when the raw material is transformed into its byproducts.

Present Situation and Prospect of EAF Gas Waste Heat Utilization Technology

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-zhi Yang ◽  
Tao Jiang ◽  
Guang-hui Li ◽  
Yu-feng Guo ◽  
Feng Chen
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Steelmaking Process ◽  
Coal Gas ◽  
Heat Utilization ◽  
Waste Heat Utilization

AbstractWith the increase of hot metal ratio in electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking process, physical sensible heat and chemical latent heat of gas increased significantly. As EAF raw material condition is similar to basic oxygen furnace (BOF), and the condition of BOF gas waste heat utilization technology is mature, waste heat utilization technology in EAF steelmaking will be getting more and more attention. Scrap preheating and steam production as mature technology is the main way of EAF gas waste heat utilization. Power generation converted high temperature steam to electricity will further improve the EAF gas utilization value. The previous ways are to recycle physical sensible heat of EAF gas. To use chemical latent heat of gas, the secondary combustion technology is usually adopted to make CO fully burn into CO2. Coal gas production can fully recycle the chemical latent heat of gas theoretically, which is higher efficiency than other ways. Coal gas production needs a stable steelmaking process to stabilize high temperature gas. And the way need to develop EAF sealing technology, oxygen removal technology and gas purification technology, to make gas content meet the requirements of coal gas production in EAF steelmaking process.

scholarly journals Upaya Pengolahan Limbah Kotoran Babi Menggunakan Komposter Rumah Tangga

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Widya Sari ◽  
I Wayan Budiarsa Suyasa ◽  
I.G.B Sila Dharma
Keyword(s):  
Organic Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Experiment Method ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Macro Nutrients

ABSTRACT        The production of pig manure waste potentially pollutes the soil, water and air. One of the most effective processing a waste treatments is through composting. The composting process takes a long time if not assisted by the activator as decomposers of organic materials in order to accelerate the composting process. Activators such as local microorganism (MOL) contain macro nutrients, micro and active microorganism that potentially decomposed organic materials, growth stimulants and pest/disease control agents such as to help speed up the composting process. This study aims to determine the C/N ratio of optimal raw materials for composting of pig manure and vegetable waste, determining the effect of adding local microorganism (MOL) to the length of time of composting and determining the effectiveness of business from composting of pig manure and vegetable waste based on the calculation of B/C ratio.        This research uses quantitative approach with experiment method. The first stage is the preparation of the raw material which is divided into three groups : composition 1 with 75% (pig manure) and 25% (vegetable waste), composition 2 with 50% (pig manure) and 50% (vegetable waste) and then composition 3 with 25% (pig manure) and 75% (vegetable waste). Furthermore, the best raw material composition was treated with variations of MOL addition of A (100 ml), B (300 ml), C (500 ml) and D (without MOL).        The results showed that the composition of the best raw material mixture was a mixture composition of 25% (pig manure) and 75% (vegetable waste) with a C/N ratio of 38.95. The effect of MOL addition indicates that the greater MOL volume the faster to composting process. The quality compost with addition of MOL has C/N ratio levels is (16,30), N-total (1,65%), P tersedia (8043,02 ppm), K tersedia (8857,40 ppm), Fe (1,87%), Mn (0,09%) Zn (480 ppm) in which that value meets the SNI 19-7030-2004. Based on analysis of B/C ratio obtained result of 1.04 where the value is approaching criteria B/C ratio more than 1.00 which means compost business feasible to be developed.   Keywords : Pig manure, MOL, time of composting, composter, B/C ratio

Hydrodynamic Cavitation Device that Makes Straw Cuts Suitable for Efficient Biogas Production

2014 ◽  
Vol 564 ◽  
pp. 572-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erzsébet Ancza ◽  
Monika Bakosné Dioszegi ◽  
Miklos Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Methane Concentration ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Methane Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hydrodynamic Cavitation ◽  
Lignocellulosic Waste ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Past

Due to its natural features and agrarian practices of the past centuries, Hungary is rich in biomass. This organic material is worth considering when selecting a method to produce biogas, which so far has not been used significantly in the country. It is known that some pretreatments of biomass can make the digestion of organic compounds easier, and thus accelerating the process of biogas production. This study describes a hydrodynamic device that makes straw cuts suitable for energetic use as lignocellulosic “waste”. Two types of raw material were available for the biogas fermentation after the treatment: the separated concentrate and the filtered liquid. The methane content of the biogas produced from the concentrate, was 58% and was considered to be an average value for the production of biogas from waste. However the methane concentration in the biogas generated from the filtrate was 87% and is considered outstanding for the production of biogas using the process.

The Preparation of C, N, S Tri-Doped TiO2 and Visible-Light Photo-Degradation of Methylene Blue and Dyes

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 1735-1743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Dong Shi ◽  
Qiong Guo ◽  
Yuan Song Xie
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Visible Absorption ◽  
Photo Degradation ◽  
X Ray

The C, N, S tri-doped TiO2 with high visible-light photo-catalysis effect was successfully prepared by mixing thiourea with the self-prepared TiO2 powder through calcining for 2h at 450°C. The TiO2 powder was obtained by homogeneous precipitation method using the metatitanic acid instead of expensive chemical reagents contained Ti as raw material. The effect of doping materials and methods on the photo-degradation rate of methylene blue and dyes was studied. The characterizations of the doped TiO2 were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV-visible absorption spectra (UV-vis). The results showed that this sample was the anatase TiO2 and contained elements C, N, S. The sample exhibited a significant response to ultraviolet and visible light. In the photo-degradation experiment, the C, N, S, tridoped-TiO2 could decolorize methylene blue and textile dyes quickly, and the photo-degradation rate of methylene blue could reach upward 98% after 3 hours under the different light sources.

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