An Improved Evaluation Method of Routing Strategy

2014 ◽  
Vol 971-973 ◽  
pp. 1543-1546
Author(s):  
Jiu Qiang Xu ◽  
Jin Fa Wang ◽  
Chuan Lin ◽  
Yu Xiang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Simulation Experiment ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Full Load ◽  
Considerable Error ◽  
Routing Strategy ◽  
Network Load ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
Over Time

The main purpose of designing an evaluation method for routing strategy is to accurately evaluate the performance of a series of routing strategies at various network loads, including under-load, full- load and even overload. Most researchers evaluate the effectiveness of a new routing strategy with the method of OrderParameter. However in this evaluating process, we find that its result distributes in a certain range of values instead of a single value, soOrderParameterintroduces a considerable error, it is difficult to evaluate the performance of a routing strategy accurately in different network load with it. To solve this problem, a method--ImprovedOrderParameter (OOP)is proposed. This method can not only get a fixed critical value for a special network load, but also depict the transition of network load over time. According to simulation experiment, theOOPcan be more objective to evaluate the performance of a routing strategy at various network load.

Degradation Reliability Assessment Using Severe Critical Values

1998 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 85-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Yang ◽  
Guangbin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Performance Characteristic ◽  
Reliability Assessment ◽  
Method Comparison ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Critical Values ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

For some products that degrade over time, failure is defined in terms of a specified critical value of performance characteristic. The life of such a product depends on the specified critical value. The more severe the critical value, the shorter the life would be, and vice versa. This paper presents a method of accelerating life by using severe critical values. The method, based on degradation measurements, provides estimates of the relationship between life and critical value and reliability. An example is given to illustrate the application of the proposed method. Comparison between the method and traditional time-to-failure analysis shows that the proposed method is more efficient and cost-effective.

scholarly journals IX. Electrodynamic qualities of metals. Part VII. Effects of stress on the magnetization of iron, nickel, and cobalt.

1878 ◽  
Vol 27 (185-189) ◽  
pp. 439-443 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Force ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
First Results ◽  
Magnetizing Force ◽  
Iron Nickel ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Effects Of Stress ◽  
Range Of Values

This paper commences with a detailed description of a series of experiments on the effects of stress on the magnetism of soft iron, of which some first results were described in a preliminary notice, communicated to the Royal Society on the 10th of June, 1875, and published in the “Proceedings.” A few months later, the author found that he had been anticipated by Villari in the most remarkable of those results—that showing increase or diminution of magnetization by longitudinal pull, according as the magnetizing force is less than, or greater than, a certain critical value. In the first series of experiments described in this paper, the amount of the magnetizing force is varied through a range of values from zero to 900, on a scale on which about 121/2 is the value of the vertical component of the terrestrial magnetic force at Glasgow, and the effects of hanging on and taking off weights of 7 lbs., 14 lbs., and 21 lbs., in changing the induced magnetism, are observed. The experiments were made at ordinary atmospheric temperatures, and at temperature 100° C. The results are shown in curves, of which the abscissas represent the magnetizing forces and other ordinates, the change of magnetism produced by “ons” and “offs” of the weight while the magnetizing force is kept constant. The Villari critical value was found to differ for the two temperatures, and for different weights thus approximately:-

The Prediction of Fixture Comprehensive Influence on the Machining Error of Features Pattern

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaiyun He ◽  
Longzhen Guo ◽  
Wenjie Tian ◽  
Xiangsong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Simulation Experiment ◽  
Machining Accuracy ◽  
Positional Error ◽  
Machining Error ◽  
Rectangular Distribution ◽  
Machining Force ◽  
Orientation Deviation ◽  
Position And Orientation ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The position and orientation deviation of workpiece caused by the fixing errors of the fixture influences the machining accuracy of workpiece. This paper presents a method of predicting the fixture induced error and its influence on the machining accuracy of features pattern. Firstly, the mathematical model for predicting fixing error caused by locators and locating surface geometrical errors and caused by clamping force and machining force is formulated. Then, based on the 3-2-1 positioning fixture, the influence of fixing errors on the machining accuracy of features pattern is analyzed after introducing the definition, inspection and evaluation method for the composite position error of features pattern. Finally, taking 4-holes pattern in rectangular distribution as an example, the process of predicting the composite positional error of features pattern is detailed and a simulation experiment is conducted. The results show the rightness and validity of this method.

scholarly journals Serious Gaming Technology in Upper Extremity Rehabilitation: Scoping Review

10.2196/19071 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. e19071
Author(s):  
Elisavet Koutsiana ◽  
Ioannis Ladakis ◽  
Dimitris Fotopoulos ◽  
Achilleas Chytas ◽  
Vassilis Kilintzis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
User Experience ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Research Trend ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Serious Gaming ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Upper Extremity Rehabilitation ◽  
Over Time

Background Serious gaming has increasingly gained attention as a potential new component in clinical practice. Specifically, its use in the rehabilitation of motor dysfunctions has been intensively researched during the past three decades. Objective The aim of this scoping review was to evaluate the current role of serious games in upper extremity rehabilitation, and to identify common methods and practice as well as technology patterns. This objective was approached via the exploration of published research efforts over time. Methods The literature search, using the PubMed and Scopus databases, included articles published from 1999 to 2019. The eligibility criteria were (i) any form of game-based arm rehabilitation; (ii) published in a peer-reviewed journal or conference; (iii) introduce a game in an electronic format; (iv) published in English; and (v) not a review, meta-analysis, or conference abstract. The search strategy identified 169 relevant articles. Results The results indicated an increasing research trend in the domain of serious gaming deployment in upper extremity rehabilitation. Furthermore, differences regarding the number of publications and the game approach were noted between studies that used commercial devices in their rehabilitation systems and those that proposed a custom-made robotic arm, glove, or other devices for the connection and interaction with the game platform. A particularly relevant observation concerns the evaluation of the introduced systems. Although one-third of the studies evaluated their implementations with patients, in most cases, there is the need for a larger number of participants and better testing of the rehabilitation scheme efficiency over time. Most of the studies that included some form of assessment for the introduced rehabilitation game mentioned user experience as one of the factors considered for evaluation of the system. Besides user experience assessment, the most common evaluation method involving patients was the use of standard medical tests. Finally, a few studies attempted to extract game features to introduce quantitative measurements for the evaluation of patient improvement. Conclusions This paper presents an overview of a significant research topic and highlights the current state of the field. Despite extensive attempts for the development of gamified rehabilitation systems, there is no definite answer as to whether a serious game is a favorable means for upper extremity functionality improvement; however, this certainly constitutes a supplementary means for motivation. The development of a unified performance quantification framework and more extensive experiments could generate richer evidence and contribute toward this direction.

Preliminary observations on the effect of removal of black bluebush (Maireana pyramidata) and Pearl Bluebush (M. sedifolia) on shrub regeneration, herbage production and erosion potential.

1985 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
GJ Tupper ◽  
WJ Muller
Keyword(s):  
Wind Erosion ◽  
New South ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Mechanical Removal ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Erosion Index ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

The effects of mechanical removal of shrub tops and grazing on two bluebush communities, one with Maireana pyramidata (black bluebush)and the other with M. pyramidata and M. sedifolia (pearl bluebush) as co-dominants, were examined on the western edge of the Riverine Plain in New South Wales Measurements were made on shrub regeneration, the relationship of shrub units to a critical value for an erosion index, the change in soil surface levels, and the growth of herbaceous plants over time Shrub regeneration was slower under grazed than ungrazed conditions and occurred mainly from basal shoots of established plants rather than from seedling establishment. Herbage yields Increased on the mounds previously occupied by shrubs, whereas production between shrubs was not affected by shrub removal. After four years there was sufficient shrub growth to prevent wind erosion, except on the cleared and grazed plot at the M. sedifolia site.

Research on Evaluation Method of Ultrasonic Testing for Inspection of Concrete Jointing Surface Quality

2014 ◽  
Vol 501-504 ◽  
pp. 877-880
Author(s):  
Lin Liu ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Kai Guo
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Weak Link ◽  
Ultrasonic Method ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Joint Surface ◽  
Probability Method ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Core Drilling ◽  
Value Determination

The combining Part Of new-old concrete is a weak link. The cohesive strength of the combining layer is generally lower than the strength of the concrete poured completely. It will greatly affect the reliability of structure, when the combining layer is bad. It is a effective method to Inspect combining surface conditions by ultrasonic method. But related specification for defect judgment method of ultrasonic method, which is not fit to detect the defect area is larger in detect area, the overall quality of members is poor, make the discreteness of data less, those causes low judgment value, and the defects to leakage. In addition, the less data is not easy to found out the outliers. We adopted ultrasonic angle measurement method for concrete jointing surface of 50 pillars testing analysis, Method to determine the critical value of defect of abnormal value, and studied critical value determination method of defects outliers, propose a method of defects determination base on the common probability method. As detection is shown, first, with this method detect the joint surface of the concrete columns, contrasted core drilling results, prove the method is effective and feasible. Second, For new pouring concrete quality is poorer near surface, defect points too much, contrasted core drilling results, prove the method is effective and feasible. In addition, using this method for detecting data less, contrasted core drilling results, prove the method is effective and feasible.

Overstable convection in a horizontally heated rotating fluid

1978 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Daniels ◽  
K. Stewartson
Keyword(s):  
Rayleigh Number ◽  
Rectangular Cross Section ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Finite Amplitude ◽  
Rotating Fluid ◽  
Radial Temperature ◽  
A Value ◽  
Characteristic Group ◽  
Range Of Values

AbstractFluid is contained in a rotating annulus of rectangular cross-section which is subject to a radial temperature gradient along the base and is insulated around its upper surfaces. If E is an Ekman number, which is assumed small, a finite amplitude cellular motion of wavelength ∼ E⅓ develops near the inner sidewall of the annulus by an exchange process if the local Rayleigh number, R, exceeds its critical value Rc and the Prandtl number of the fluid, σ, is greater than a critical value, σc (Daniels and Stewartson(5)). In the present study we consider the remaining range of values 0 < σ < σc for which overstability is preferred, occurring at a value of the Rayleigh number, Rc0, less than Rc. Disturbances to the basic flow near the sidewall now oscillate in time with frequency ∼ E⅓ and are amplified if R exceeds Rc0, the vertical cellular velocity attaining values ∼ E in a region of extent ∼ E near the sidewall. On the time-scale ∼ E disturbances take the form of two wave-like components which travel in opposite directions with the characteristic group velocity of the system. The first is simply convected away from the sidewall into the stably stratified interior and decays, while the second travels towards the sidewall where it is reflected. The reflexion coefficient is determined by the dynamics of an E⅓ boundary layer where an oscillatory motion is generated by the incident wave.

Estimation of transmission dynamics of the Ceratomyxa shasta actinospore to the salmonid host

Parasitology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 140 (7) ◽  
pp. 907-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. RAY ◽  
J. L. BARTHOLOMEW
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
Over Time

SUMMARYTransmission dynamics of the actinospore stage of Ceratomyxa shasta to the salmonid host were investigated under field and laboratory conditions. The number of parasites transmitted and the transmission rate were compared between 2 different exposure durations and also among different water velocities, by means of field exposures. Under laboratory conditions, the number of parasites transmitted and the transmission rates were compared across a broader range of water velocities and also at different water temperatures. Transmission rate was not constant over time as the number of parasites transmitted increased non-linearly between the 2 exposure durations. Transmission was also inversely related to water velocity and there was a threshold to transmission between 0·2–0·3 m s−1. Lastly, transmission rate increased with water temperature up to 18 °C then decreased at 23 °C. These experiments provide a range of values of transmission that will be incorporated into an epidemiological model to simulate the effectiveness of different management strategies. Additionally, these experiments provided novel information on the effects of environmental conditions (i.e. water velocity and water temperature) on the transmission dynamics between the salmonid host and the actinospore stage.

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