Synthesis of Novel Cationic Asphalt Emulsifier and its Investigation by Online FTIR Spectrophotometry

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Jie Sun ◽  
Lai Shun Shi ◽  
Zhe Ying Jin ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Xiang Tao
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Ftir Technique ◽  
Online Ftir ◽  
Ftir Spectrophotometry ◽  
Optimum Reaction Condition

A novel cationic asphalt emulsifier of N-(3-polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether (10)-2-hydroxyl) propyl-N,N,N-triethyl ammonium chloride was synthesized by nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (NP-10), epichlorohydrin and triethylamine. The optimum reaction condition was obtained. The yield reaches 48.72% at the optimum conditions of the feedstock mole ratio of NaOH to NP-10 1.0, the mole ratio of epichlorohydrin to NP-10 1.2, the mole ratio of triethylamine to NP-10 1.2, reaction temperature 70°C, and reaction time 8 h. The structure of the emulsifier was identified by FTIR. The synthesis process was monitored by online FTIR technique and the intermediate was detected. Based upon the experimental data, a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed for the reaction. The emulsifier belongs to slow-set asphalt emulsifier.

Synthesis of Lignin Amine Asphalt Emulsifier and its Investigation by Online FTIR Spectrophotometry

2014 ◽  
Vol 909 ◽  
pp. 72-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Tao ◽  
Lai Shun Shi ◽  
Mei Jie Sun ◽  
Na Li
Keyword(s):  
Storage Stability ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Good Surface ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Ftir Technique ◽  
Lignin Amine ◽  
Online Ftir ◽  
Ftir Spectrophotometry ◽  
Modified Lignin ◽  
Optimum Reaction Condition

A novel cationic asphalt emulsifier of tetraethylenepentamine/formaldehyde modified lignin amine was synthesized by alkali lignin, tetraethylenepentamine and formaldehyde. The optimum reaction condition was obtained. The structure of the emulsifier was identified by FTIR. The synthesis process was monitored by online FTIR technique. Based upon the experimental data, a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed for the reaction. The target product has good surface activity and satisfactory emulsification effect. The prepared bituminous emulsion showed higher storage stability. The emulsifier belongs to slow-set asphalt emulsifier.

scholarly journals A novel betaine type asphalt emulsifier synthesized and investigated by online FTIR spectrophotometric method

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-1) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laishun Shi ◽  
Meijie Sun ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Bochen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Ftir Technique ◽  
Online Ftir

A novel betaine type asphalt emulsifier 3-(N,N,N-dimethyl acetoxy ammonium chloride)-2-hydroxypropyl laurate was synthesized after three steps by the reaction of lauric acid, epichlorohydrin, dimethylamine and sodium chloroacetate. The optimum reaction conditions were obtained for the synthesis of the first step of 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl laurate. The esterification yield reaches 97.1% at the optimum conditions of reaction temperature 80?C, reaction time 6 h, feedstock mole ratio of epichlorohydrin to lauric acid 1.5, mass ratio of catalyst to lauric acid 2%. The chemical structure of the product was characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR. The first synthesis step of 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl laurate was monitored by online FTIR technique. The by-product was detected by the online FTIR analysis. Based upon the experimental data, a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed for the reaction. The CMC of the objective product has a lower value of 7.4?10-4 mol/L. The surface tension at CMC is 30.85 mN/m. The emulsifier is a rapid-set asphalt emulsifier.

Studies on Optimum Conditions of Synthesizing Theaflavins by Using Bio-Enzyme Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 138-139 ◽  
pp. 929-932
Author(s):  
Wan Ping Fang ◽  
Li Pu Wang ◽  
Jun Yu ◽  
Peng Xiang Yue ◽  
Xin Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Orthogonal Experimental Design ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Green Tea Powder ◽  
Enzyme Method ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Optimum Reaction Condition

Green tea powder and polyphenol oxidase extracted from eggplant has been used to explore the optimum condition for theaflavins synthesis under single factor and orthogonal experimental design. The results showed that pH value had significant effect on theaflavins synthesis. The optimum reaction condition was, under the temperature of 25°C, the system pH value 4.5, substrates concentration 2.5 g/L, and 35 mL crude enzyme with 196 U, reaction time 40 min, then the total content of theaflavins reached to 7.45 mg.

OBTENCIÓN DE BIODIESEL POR TRANSESTERIFICACIÓN ALCALINA A PARTOR DE ACEITES VEGETALES RESIDUAL EN LIMA

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Linda N. Zavaleta Palomino
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Maximum Conversion ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Optimum Production ◽  
Do So

RESUMEN El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer el proceso de producción óptimo para generar biodiesel, por transesterificación alcalina, a partir de aceites vegetales residuales de los restaurantes del distrito de San Borja, Lima- Perú. Para ello, se analizó el aceite vegetal residual recolectado, se determinó la concentración de metanol (%v/v), la concentración de hidróxido de potasio (%p/p), el tiempo de reacción óptimo, y por último se determinó la calidad del biodiesel producido.Los resultados mostraron que es posible realizar biodiesel con el aceite recolectado, ya que su grado de acidez (1,56%) fue inferior al 3%. Las condiciones óptimas para lograr la máxima conversión de la reacción se obtuvieron cuando se usó una concentración de metanol del 30%, una concentración de hidróxido de potasio del 0,4% respecto al peso del aceite y un tiempo de reacción de 3 hrs 30 min a una temperatura constante de 60°C. Bajo estas condiciones se obtuvo un rendimiento de biodiesel del 85,97%. Al biodiesel obtenido bajo las mejores condiciones de reacción se le analizaron cuatro propiedades del combustible, encontrándose que la viscosidad cinemática fue 5,5 cSt, el número de acidez fue 0,68 mgKOH/g, la ceniza sulfatada fue 0,0478 % y el carbón conradson fue 0,142%.Palabras claves.- Transesterificación alcalina, grado de acidez, máxima conversión número de acidez, viscosidad cinemática, ceniza sulfatada, carbón conradson y postratamiento del biodiesel. ABSTRACT In this paper, it is presented an experiment carried out with the objective of knowing the optimum production process in order to generate bio diesel by alkaline transesterification, from residual vegetable oils from the Restaurants in San Borja. In order to do so, first of all of the residual vegetal oil collected was analyzed, then it was determined the concentration of methanol (%v/v), the concentration of potassium hydroxide (%p/p) and the optimum reaction time, and lastly, it was determined the bio diesel quality produced.The results showed that it is possible to generate biodiesel from the collected oil, due to its grade of acidity (1,56%) was lower than 3%. The optimum conditions to get the maximum conversion of the reaction were achieved when it was used a methanol concentration of 30%, a concentration of potassium hydroxide of 0,4% regarding the weight of the oil and a reaction time of 3:30 minutes at a constant temperature of 60%. Under these conditions it was obtained a performance of biodiesel of 85,97%. Biodiesel obtained under the best reaction conditions will be analyzed four fuel properties, finding that the kinematic viscosity was 5,5 cSt, the acid number was 0,68 mg KOH / g, the sulfated ash was 0,0478% and Conradson Carbon was 0,142%. Key Words.- Alkaline Transesterification, grade of acidity, maximum conversion, number of acidity, kinematic viscosity,    sulfated ash, conradson carbon and after treatment of biodiesel

Catalytic Activity of SWNTs/Pd Catalyst in Suzuki Reaction

2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 2404-2408 ◽  
Author(s):  
You Ming Cao
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Control Experiment ◽  
Suzuki Reaction ◽  
Pd Catalyst ◽  
Reaction Condition ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Optimum Reaction Condition

Pd catalyst is very active in Suzuki reaction. As a heterogeneous catalyst, SWNTs/Pd shows highly catalytic ability with Suzuki reaction. We will demonstrate the effect of catalyst’s amount, the reaction time and temperature on Suzuki reaction in this work. In comparison, a control experiment used commercial Pd/C as catalyst in Suzuki reaction has been done. An optimum reaction condition of about reacting 60 min at 50°C with 5% (mass%) catalyst is confirmed finally, and a better catalytic ability of SWNTs/Pd than commercial Pd/C is also observed.

Study on Acid Hydrolysis of Cationic Starch

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 2565-2568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Jian Kun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Good Prospect ◽  
Cationic Starch ◽  
Substitution Degree ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Optimum Reaction Condition ◽  
Product Viscosity

Cationic starch is a kind of sizing agent which have good prospect of application, but its high viscosity limits its use. In this work low substitution degree cationic starch (DS=0.03) was hydrolyzed with HCL to reduce the viscosity. The acidolysis factors on cationic starch viscosity such as reaction time, reaction temperature and concentration of HCL has been studied. The results revealed that the optimum reaction condition was 1.83% HCL for dry cationic starch, under 55°C for 5 hours, the product viscosity was 11.5mpa.s. By choosing different process parameters can get products of series viscosities.

scholarly journals The Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Cationic Asphalt Emulsifier

2019 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Xue-Di Gong ◽  
Lai-Shun Shi ◽  
Tian-Yao Wang ◽  
Xiao-Meng Yu
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Reaction Yield ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Single Factor Analysis ◽  
Epoxy Value ◽  
Optimum Reaction Condition

A new cationic asphalt emulsifier of N,N-dimethyl-N-(3-(N',N'-dimethyl amido)-2-hydroxy propyl)- coconut oil amide propyl-1-ammonium chloride was synthesized by two steps reaction of coconut oil acyl propyl dimethyl tertiary amine (PKO), epoxy chloropropane and dimethylamine. The chemical structure of the key intermediate of N,N-dimethyl-N-(ethylene oxide-2-methylene)-coconut oil amide propyl-1-ammonium chloride was confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR and elemental analysis. The optimum reaction condition of first step was obtained by single factor analysis: reaction time 5 h, reaction temperature 50 °C, feedstock mole ratio of epoxy chloropropane to PKO 1.05. The reaction yield is 82.15% and the epoxy value is 40.39% at the optimum conditions. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the asphalt emulsifier is 7.80×10-2 mol/L. The surface tension at CMC is 24.57 mN/m. The emulsifier showed excellent emulsification effect for the asphalt. The prepared bituminous emulsion had higher storage stability. The emulsifier belongs to medium-set asphalt emulsifier.

In Situ Methanolysis of Jatropha curcas Seeds in Soxhlet Extractor

2014 ◽  
Vol 917 ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Nunung Prabaningrum ◽  
L. Ismail ◽  
Duvvuri Subbarao
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Soxhlet Extractor ◽  
Mixture Volume ◽  
Optimum Reaction

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel to replace petro diesel with some advantages. One of the methods to produce biodiesel is in-situ transesterification. In this study, in-situ methanolysis of Jatropha curcas seeds in Soxhlet extractor was investigated. Normal hexane was added to enhance the solubility and extractability of methanol in the presence of NaOH as catalyst to Jatropha curcas oil. Response surface methodology based on Box Behnken design was used to determine the optimum reaction conditions. The ratio of mixture volume to seed weight (7.5; 12.5), catalyst concentration (1.75; 2.25 wt.%) and volume ratio of methanol to mixture (0.3; 0.7) were selected as experimental parameters. The biodiesel yield of (91.37 ± 0.57) %, which was insignificantly different with the predicted value, was obtained with the optimum conditions as follows: the ratio of the mixture volume to seed weight of 12.48 (ml/g), 1.75 wt.% of sodium hydroxide concentration, 0.31of the ratio of methanol volume to the mixture volume at 60 °C for 60 min reaction time. The maximum yield of (98.63 ± 2.9) % was achieved at optimum conditions during 3 hours reaction time at 60 °C.

Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Cationic Type Asphalt Emulsifier

2014 ◽  
Vol 687-691 ◽  
pp. 4265-4268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lai Shun Shi ◽  
Jing Jing Chen ◽  
Mei Jie Sun ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Shu Jie Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Nonyl Phenol ◽  
Reaction Condition ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Optimum Reaction Condition

A novel cationic type asphalt emulsifier of 2-triethylenetetramine methylene-4-nonylphenol was synthesized by the reaction of nonyl phenol, triethylenetetramine and formaldehyde. The optimum reaction condition was obtained. The yield reaches 49.21% at the optimum reaction condition of the feedstock mole ratio of formaldehyde to nonyl phenol 2.8, feedstock mole ratio of triethylenetetramine to nonyl phenol 1.0, reaction temperature 95°C, and reaction time 5 h. The structure of the emulsifier was identified by FTIR. The emulsifier exhibits satisfactory emulsification. The emulsifier belongs to the class of rapid-set asphalt emulsifiers.

OBTENCIÓN DE BIODIESEL POR TRANSESTERIFICACIÓN ALCALINA A PARTOR DE ACEITES VEGETALES RESIDUAL EN LIMA

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Linda N. Zavaleta Palomino ◽  
Jean Pierre A. Suavo Carrión
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Maximum Conversion ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Optimum Production ◽  
Do So

RESUMEN El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer el proceso de producción óptimo para generar biodiesel, por transesterificación alcalina, a partir de aceites vegetales residuales de los restaurantes del distrito de San Borja, Lima- Perú. Para ello, se analizó el aceite vegetal residual recolectado, se determinó la concentración de metanol (%v/v), la concentración de hidróxido de potasio (%p/p), el tiempo de reacción óptimo, y por último se determinó la calidad del biodiesel producido.Los resultados mostraron que es posible realizar biodiesel con el aceite recolectado, ya que su grado de acidez (1,56%) fue inferior al 3%. Las condiciones óptimas para lograr la máxima conversión de la reacción se obtuvieron cuando se usó una concentración de metanol del 30%, una concentración de hidróxido de potasio del 0,4% respecto al peso del aceite y un tiempo de reacción de 3 hrs 30 min a una temperatura constante de 60°C. Bajo estas condiciones se obtuvo un rendimiento de biodiesel del 85,97%. Al biodiesel obtenido bajo las mejores condiciones de reacción se le analizaron cuatro propiedades del combustible, encontrándose que la viscosidad cinemática fue 5,5 cSt, el número de acidez fue 0,68 mgKOH/g, la ceniza sulfatada fue 0,0478 % y el carbón conradson fue 0,142%.Palabras claves.- Transesterificación alcalina, grado de acidez, máxima conversión número de acidez, viscosidad cinemática, ceniza sulfatada, carbón conradson y postratamiento del biodiesel. ABSTRACT In this paper, it is presented an experiment carried out with the objective of knowing the optimum production process in order to generate bio diesel by alkaline transesterification, from residual vegetable oils from the Restaurants in San Borja. In order to do so, first of all of the residual vegetal oil collected was analyzed, then it was determined the concentration of methanol (%v/v), the concentration of potassium hydroxide (%p/p) and the optimum reaction time, and lastly, it was determined the bio diesel quality produced.The results showed that it is possible to generate biodiesel from the collected oil, due to its grade of acidity (1,56%) was lower than 3%. The optimum conditions to get the maximum conversion of the reaction were achieved when it was used a methanol concentration of 30%, a concentration of potassium hydroxide of 0,4% regarding the weight of the oil and a reaction time of 3:30 minutes at a constant temperature of 60%. Under these conditions it was obtained a performance of biodiesel of 85,97%. Biodiesel obtained under the best reaction conditions will be analyzed four fuel properties, finding that the kinematic viscosity was 5,5 cSt, the acid number was 0,68 mg KOH / g, the sulfated ash was 0,0478% and Conradson Carbon was 0,142%. KeyWords.- Alkaline Transesterification, grade of acidity, maximum conversion, number of acidity, kinematic viscosity,sulfated ash, conradson carbon and after treatment of biodiesel.

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