Evaluation of the Impact of Temperature and Type of Catalyst on the Bio-Oil Quality Obtained by Biomass Catalytic Pyrolysis Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 334-335 ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.L. Mendes ◽  
A.R. Pinho ◽  
M.A.G. Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Inert Material ◽  
Fcc Catalyst ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
The Impact

The pyrolysis of biomass is a thermal process that converts, at high yield, solid biomass into a liquid product known as bio-oil. One alternative for the production of a bio-oil of better quality and with lower oxygen content is the use of catalysts in the pyrolysis reactor, rather than an inert, a process called catalytic pyrolysis. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects on product yields and the qualities of products of two different catalysts, one acidic, a commercial fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst, and a basic one containing hydrotalcite. Inert material, a type of silica, was used as reference. The tests were conducted in a pilot plant with a circulating fluidized bed reactor, specially adapted to perform the catalytic pyrolysis tests, at temperatures of 450°C and 550°C. The results showed that the increase in the residence time of the pyrolysis vapors had a significant impact on products yields, when compared with the profile found in the literature for fast pyrolysis. The FCC catalyst presented higher deoxygenation rates by dehydration, while the hydrotalcite showed greater capacity for decarboxylation. Thus, the use of either the FCC catalyst or hydrotalcite are not suitable for intermediate pyrolysis reactors, generating a product with high water content and low content of organic compounds in bio-oil and produce more coke. None of the materials tested produced bio-oils with considerable hydrocarbons yields and presented high amounts of phenolic compounds. In general, silica had the best results in terms of yield and quality of bio-oil.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effects of Catalyst Mixtures on Biomass Catalytic Pyrolysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Badr A. Mohamed ◽  
Naoko Ellis ◽  
Chang Soo Kim ◽  
Xiaotao Bi
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Mass Loss Rate ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Bio Oil

This paper studied the synergistic effects of catalyst mixtures on biomass catalytic pyrolysis in comparison with the single catalyst in a microwave reactor and a TGA. In general, positive synergistic effects were identified based on increased mass loss rate, reduced activation energy, and improved bio-oil quality compared to the case with a single catalyst at higher catalyst loads. 10KP/10Bento (a mixture of 10% K3PO4 and 10% bentonite) increased the mass loss rate by 85 and 45% at heating rates of 100 and 25°C/min, respectively, compared to switchgrass without catalyst. The activation energy for 10KP/10Bento and 10KP/10Clino (a mixture of 10% K3PO4 and 10% clinoptilolite) was slightly lower or similar to other catalysts at 30 wt.% load. The reduction in the activation energy by the catalyst mixture was higher at 100°C/min than 25°C/min due to the improved catalytic activity at higher heating rates. Synergistic effects are also reflected in the improved properties of bio-oil, as acids, aldehydes, and anhydrosugars were significantly decreased, whereas phenol and aromatic compounds were substantially increased. 30KP (30% K3PO4) and 10KP/10Bento increased the content of alkylated phenols by 341 and 207%, respectively, in comparison with switchgrass without catalyst. Finally, the use of catalyst mixtures improved the catalytic performance markedly, which shows the potential to reduce the production cost of bio-oil and biochar from microwave catalytic pyrolysis.

scholarly journals Synthesis of diesel-like hydrocarbon from Jatropha oil through catalytic pyrolysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Bambang Heru Susanto ◽  
Muhammad Nasikin ◽  
Ayuko Cheeryo Sinaga ◽  
F Fransisca
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Heating Method ◽  
Solid Catalysts ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Alternative Solutions

Due to economical, social and ecological reason, several studies have been done in order to obtain alternative fuel sources. In this respect, fermentation, trans-esterification and pyrolysis if biomass have been proposed as alternative solutions. Among these different approaches, pyrolysis seems to be a simple and efficient method fuel production. Pyrolysis, assisted by solid catalysts, has also been reported and it was recognized that the product selectivity is strongly affected by the presence and the nature of heterogeneous catalysts. The catalytic pyrolysis of straight Jathropha curcas oil (SJO) over nanocrystalline NiO/Al2O33 at 475 OC was studied. NiO/Al2O3 catalyst was used in pyrolysis for purpose of selectively cracking of triglyceride. Nanocrystalline NiO/Al2O3 was prepared by simple heating method with polymer solution as growth inhibitor. The liquid product (bio-oil) were analyzed by GC-FID and FTIR, showing the formation of carboxylic acids, paraffin, olefins, and ketones. Measured physical properties of bio-oil is comparable to those specified for diesel oil. Keywords: SJO, nanocrystalline, simple heating method, catalytic pyrolysis, bio-oilAbstrakAdanya pertimbangan keekonomian, sosial, dan ekologi, menyebabkan dilakukannya penelitian guna mendapatkan sumber bahan bakar alternatif. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut, maka reaksi-reaksi seperti permentasi, transesterifikasi dan pirolisis dari biomasa telah digunakan sebagai alternatif solusi. Diantara pendekatan-pendekatan yang berbeda tersebut, pirolisis merupakan metode yang sederhana dan efesien untuk menghasilkan bahan bakar. Pirolisis, yang dibantu dengan katalis padat, telah juga dilaporkan dan diketahui bahwa selektifitas produknya sangat dipengaruhi oleh kehadiran dan sifat dari katalis-katalis heterogen yang digunakan. Pirolisis berkatalis dari minyak jarak pagar (straight Jathropha curcas oil, SJO) melalui nanokristal NiO/Al2O3 pada suhu 475 OC telah dilakukan percobaanya. Katalis NiO/Al2O3 digunakan dalam pirolisis dengan tujuan untuk perengkahan selektif dari trigliserida. Nanokristal NiO/Al2O3 dibuat dengan menggunakan metode simple heating dengan pelarut polimer sebagai penghambat pertumbuhan. Produk cair yang dihasilkan (bio-oil) telah dianalisa dengan menggunakan GC-FID dan FTIR, memperlihatkan adanyanya gugus asam-asam karboksilat, parafin, olefin dan keton. Sifat fisik yang diukur dari biooil dapat diperbandingkan kesetaraanya dengan spesifikasi dari minyak solar.Kata kunci: SJO, nanokristal, metode simple heating, pirolisis berkatalis, bio-oil

scholarly journals An overview of recent development in bio-oil upgrading and separation techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 200382-0
Author(s):  
Narayan Lal Panwar ◽  
Arjun Sanjay Paul
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
Separation Techniques ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Bio Oil

Bio-oil produced from the fast pyrolysis/hydrothermal liquefaction is gaining popularity worldwide as the forerunner to replace fossil fuel. The bio-oil can be produced from agricultural waste, forest residue, and urban organic waste. It is also called pyrolysis oil, renewable fuel, and has the potential to be used as fuel in many applications. The application of bio-oil as transportation fuel helps to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and to keep up the ecological balance. The bio-oil has the heating value of nearly half of the diesel fuel i.e. 16-19 MJ/kg; but, the inferior properties such as high water content, high viscosity, low pH, and poor stability hinder bio-oil application as a fuel. Thus, this paper provides a detailed review of bio-oil properties, its limitations and focuses on the recent development of different upgrading and separation techniques, used to date for the improvement of the bio-oil quality. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of each upgrading method along with the application and environmental impact of bio-oil are also discussed in this article.

scholarly journals Site-specific N-glycosylation analysis of animal cell culture-derived Zika virus proteins

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Pralow ◽  
Alexander Nikolay ◽  
Arnaud Leon ◽  
Yvonne Genzel ◽  
Erdmann Rapp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Animal Cell ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Viral Envelope ◽  
Protein Glycosylation ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
E Protein ◽  
The Impact

AbstractHere, we present for the first time, a site-specific N-glycosylation analysis of proteins from a Brazilian Zika virus (ZIKV) strain. The virus was propagated with high yield in an embryo-derived stem cell line (EB66, Valneva SE), and concentrated by g-force step-gradient centrifugation. Subsequently, the sample was proteolytically digested with different enzymes, measured via a LC–MS/MS-based workflow, and analyzed in a semi-automated way using the in-house developed glyXtoolMS software. The viral non-structural protein 1 (NS1) was glycosylated exclusively with high-mannose structures on both potential N-glycosylation sites. In case of the viral envelope (E) protein, no specific N-glycans could be identified with this method. Nevertheless, N-glycosylation could be proved by enzymatic de-N-glycosylation with PNGase F, resulting in a strong MS-signal of the former glycopeptide with deamidated asparagine at the potential N-glycosylation site N444. This confirmed that this site of the ZIKV E protein is highly N-glycosylated but with very high micro-heterogeneity. Our study clearly demonstrates the progress made towards site-specific N-glycosylation analysis of viral proteins, i.e. for Brazilian ZIKV. It allows to better characterize viral isolates, and to monitor glycosylation of major antigens. The method established can be applied for detailed studies regarding the impact of protein glycosylation on antigenicity and human pathogenicity of many viruses including influenza virus, HIV and corona virus.

scholarly journals Effect of Ni(NO3)2 Pretreatment on the Pyrolysis of Organsolv Lignin Derived from Corncob Residue

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Wenli Wang ◽  
Yichen Liu ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Longfei Liu ◽  
Changwei Hu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Fuels And Chemicals ◽  
Gas Products ◽  
Work Samples ◽  
Nickel Species ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selective Formation

The thermal degradation of lignin for value-added fuels and chemicals is important for environment improvement and sustainable development. The impact of pretreatment and catalysis of Ni(NO3)2 on the pyrolysis behavior of organsolv lignin were studied in the present work. Samples were pyrolyzed at 500 ∘C with an upward fixed bed, and the characteristics of bio-oil were determined. After pretreatment by Ni(NO3)2, the yield of monophenols increased from 23.3 wt.% to 30.2 wt.% in “Ni-washed” and decreased slightly from 23.3 wt.% to 20.3 wt.% in “Ni-unwashed”. Meanwhile, the selective formation of vinyl-monophenols was promoted in “Ni-unwashed”, which indicated that the existence of nickel species promoted the dehydration of C-OH and breakage of C-C in pyrolysis. In comparison with “Water”, HHV of bio-oil derived from “Ni-unwashed” slightly increased from 27.94 mJ/kg to 28.46 mJ/kg, suggesting that the lowering of oxygen content in bio-oil is associated with improved quality. Furthermore, the content of H2 in gas products dramatically increased from 2.0% to 7.6% and 17.1%, respectively.

Products characterization for fast in-situ catalytic pyrolysis of bio-oil over Ni/Al2O3

2021 ◽  
Vol 657 (1) ◽  
pp. 012023
Author(s):  
Zengtong Deng ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Song Hu ◽  
Sheng Su ◽  
Long Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Bio Oil

scholarly journals Catalytic pyrolysis of pine wood over char-supported Fe: Bio-oil upgrading and catalyst regeneration by CO2/H2O

Fuel ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 307 ◽  
pp. 121778
Author(s):  
Shasha Liu ◽  
Gang Wu ◽  
Syed Shatir A. Syed-Hassan ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Xun Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Catalyst Regeneration ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Bio Oil
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document