Heat Treatment Effect on Biological Behavior of Polyetheretherketone Composites

2022 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
Alaa A. Mohammed ◽  
Jawad K. Oleiwi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Simulated Body Fluid ◽  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Apatite Formation ◽  
Crystalline Polymers ◽  
Density Methods

Polyetheretherketone is a semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymer, that so with heat treatments, it is possible to get different properties which are very important for the material performance. Heat treatment is a broadly utilized to develop the semi-crystalline polymers properties. In the present investigation, annealing of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) was carried out at temperatures above its glass transition temperature (Tg) to study its effects upon the biological conduct of the control and PEEK ternary composites. The bioactivity of the specimens was evaluated by investigating the apatite formation after immersion for different periods in a simulated body fluid (SBF). The biocompatibility of specimens was assessed by MTT assay. Additionally, the antibacterial property of the specimens versus S. aureus was observed with the optical density methods. The results manifested that the formation of hydroxyapatite was obviously observed on specimens after immersion for (7 and 14 days) in the simulated body fluid (SBF). Otherwise, the results of MTT assay recorded the PEEK specimens that excited the activity of fibroblasts, and therefore a high cytocompatibility was noticed and the specimens revealed antibacterial properties against S. aureus. So, the results of the bioactivity, biocompatibility and antibacterial tests in vitro demonstrated that the heat treatment enhanced biological behavior.

A Study on the Bioactivity of Nano-Titania/Hydroxyapatite Composite

2006 ◽  
Vol 309-311 ◽  
pp. 411-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bang Cheng Yang ◽  
Qi Feng Yu ◽  
Ji Yong Chen ◽  
Xing Dong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Simulated Body Fluid ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Apatite Formation ◽  
Bioactive Materials ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Composite

The bioactivity of a composite of titania and hydroxyapatite was studied in vitro in this paper. After the titania ceramics was added 10% HA, it could induce apatite formation in simulated body fluid in 2d, while the pure titania ceramics could not induced apatite formation even after 14d. After the composite of titania and HA was subjected to alkali-heat treatment, it has a faster speed for apatite formation in SBF than the composite without treatment. When the osteoblast was cultured on the materials, the amount of osteoblasts attaching on the composite was more than that on the pure titania ceramics. It has the most osteoblasts cells on the composite subjected to alkali-heat treatment. These results showed that the composite of titania and HA is a bioactive materials, while the alkali-heat treatment could improved the bioactivity of this composite.

Effect of Annealing on Microstructure of Hydroxyapatite Coatings and their Behaviours in Simulated Body Fluid

2014 ◽  
Vol 922 ◽  
pp. 657-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharidah Azuar Abdul Azis ◽  
John Kennedy ◽  
Peng Cao
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Simulated Body Fluid ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Apatite Formation ◽  
Ion Beam Sputtering ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Post Deposition

In this study, hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings on Ti6Al4V substrate were deposited using an ion beam sputtering technique. Owing to its medical applications, the crystalline phases present in the HA must be controlled. This study investigated the effect of post-deposition heat treatment at different temperatures and evaluated the microstructure of the HA coatings and their behaviours in simulated body fluid (SBF). The post-deposition treatment of the as-deposited samples was carried out in an air-circulated furnace at a temperature between 3000C and 6000C. The XRD patterns reveal that the minimum temperature to transform the HA coating from amorphous to crystalline phase is 4000C. A higher temperature at 6000C leads to a growth of the crystalline HA phases. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements show the existence of hydroxyl and PO-bonds in all coatings and the amounts varied with temperature. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) study suggests that the nanostructured crystalline HA starts to grow at 4000C and becomes more obvious at a higher temperature of 6000C. The simulated body fluid (SBF) test reveals that better apatite formation with post deposition heat treatment at 6000C would potentially enhance the formation of new bone (osseointegration).

Apatite Formation on Porous TCP In Vitro: A Comparative Study between Static and Dynamic RSBF Systems

2007 ◽  
Vol 280-283 ◽  
pp. 1581-1584
Author(s):  
Chun Lin Deng ◽  
Ji Yong Chen ◽  
Yang Leng ◽  
Xin Long Wang ◽  
Yao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Body Fluid ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Dynamic System ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Apatite Formation ◽  
Static System ◽  
Inner Pore

Porous tricalcium phosphate ceramics were immersed in static and dynamic revised simulated body fluid (RSBF) at 37°C. Morphology, composition and phase of precipitates on TCP were identified by SEM, FTIR and TEM methods. FTIR and TEM results indicated the deposits on the inner pore walls of TCP were OCP, and SEM results implied that the deposited way of precipitates in static system was different from that in dynamic system.

scholarly journals Improved bioactivity of GUMMETAL®, Ti59Nb36Ta2Zr3O0.3, via formation of nanostructured surfaces

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 204173141877417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiva Kamini Divakarla ◽  
Seiji Yamaguchi ◽  
Tadashi Kokubo ◽  
Dong-Wook Han ◽  
Jae Ho Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Body Fluid ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Calcium Titanate ◽  
Apatite Formation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nanostructured Surfaces ◽  
Implant Integration

The leading reason for implant revision surgery globally is lack of implant integration with surrounding bone. A new titanium alloy GUMMETAL® (Ti59Nb36Ta2Zr3O0.3) is currently used in biomedical devices and has a Young’s modulus that is better matched to bone. The surface was subject to NaOH, CaCl2, heat and water treatment (BioGum) after which the surfaces were evaluated using atomic force microscope, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer and elemental analysis using energy dispersive X-ray. To demonstrate enhanced bone bonding ability and cytocompatibility, apatite formation in simulated body fluid and in vitro stem cell attachment, proliferation and cytoskeleton organisation were examined. The formation of a ~200 nm nanoscale needle-like calcium titanate network on the surface following treatment was revealed and upon soaking in simulated body fluid, the formation of a ~5 µm layer of apatite. Metabolic activity of rat bone marrow stem cells on BioGum was increased in comparison to control and the cell number appeared greater, with more elongated morphology as early as 2 h post-seeding. This positions the modification as a simple and potentially universal technology for the improvement of implant integration.

A Study of Bone-Like Apatite Formation on β-TCP/PLLA Scaffold in Static and Dynamic Simulated Body Fluid

2007 ◽  
Vol 330-332 ◽  
pp. 483-486
Author(s):  
Yun Qing Kang ◽  
Guang Fu Yin ◽  
Ke Feng Wang ◽  
Lin Luo ◽  
Li Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Body Fluid ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Composite Scaffold ◽  
Pore Wall ◽  
Apatite Formation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
Ft Ir

The ability of apatite to form on the surface of biomaterials in simulated body fluid (SBF) has been widely used to predict the bone-bonding ability of bioceramic and bioceramic/polymer composites in vivo. Porous β-tricalcium phosphate/poly(L-lactic acid) (β-TCP/PLLA) composite scaffold was synthesized by new method. The ability of inducing calcium phosphate (Ca-P) formation was compared in static simulated body fluid(sSBF) and dynamic simulated body fluid (dSBF). The Ca-P morphology and crystal structures were identified using SEM, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The results showed that the typical features of bone-like apatite formation on the surface and the inner pore wall of β-TCP/PLLA. Ca-P formation on scaffold surfaces in dSBF occurred slower than in sSBF and was more difficult with increasing flow rate of dSBF. The ability of apatite to form on β-TCP/PLLA was enhanced by effect of each other that has different degradable mechanism. Porous β-TCP/PLLA composite scaffold indicates good ability of Ca-P formation in vitro.

In Vitro Bioactivity of Composite of Nanophase Titania/Bioactive Glass-Ceramic in Simulated Body Fluid

2005 ◽  
Vol 288-289 ◽  
pp. 171-174
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Bang Cheng Yang ◽  
Qi Feng Yu ◽  
Dayi Wu ◽  
Xing Dong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Body Fluid ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Apatite Formation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Biomechanical Compatibility

Titania ceramics is lack of bone-bonding ability even if it has excellent biocompatibility. Recently, it is even found that the nanophase titania ceramics could enhance the proliferation of osteoblasts. If the bone-bonding ability of this material is improved, it would be a potential bone replacement material. Bioactive glass-ceramic (BGC) is provided with the best bioactivity in biomaterials. In this study, the apatite formation ability and the mechanic properties of titania ceramic were investigated by the accession of BGC. Four samples: TiO2 ceramic, TiO2 +10%BGC, TiO2 +20%BGC and BGC were prepared respectively. These ceramics were exposed to a simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7, 14 and 21d. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray detector (EDX) and thin film X-ray diffraction (TF-XRD) results showed that the apatite formation of the ceramics was improved by adding BGC into nanophase titania ceramic. The mechanical analysis showed the biomechanical compatibility was also improved by adding BGC into nanophase titania ceramic.

scholarly journals Polylactide Composite Pins Reinforced with Bioresorbable Continuous Glass Fibers Demonstrating Bone-like Apatite Formation and Spiral Delamination Degradation

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 812
Author(s):  
Xiao-Yan Cao ◽  
Na Tian ◽  
Xiang Dong ◽  
Cheng-Kung Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Body Fluid ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
Apatite Formation ◽  
Degradation Behavior ◽  
Continuous Glass ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Sodium Magnesium

The emergence of polylactide composites reinforced with bioresorbable silicate glass fibers has allowed for the long-term success of biodegradable polymers in load-bearing orthopedic applications. However, few studies have reported on the degradation behavior and bioactivity of such biocomposites. The aim of this work was to investigate the degradation behavior and in vitro bioactivity of a novel biocomposite pin composed of bioresorbable continuous glass fibers and poly-L-D-lactide in simulated body fluid for 78 weeks. As the materials degraded, periodic spiral delamination formed microtubes and funnel-shaped structures in the biocomposite pins. It was speculated that the direction of degradation, from both ends towards the middle of the fibers and from the surface through to the bulk of the polymer matrix, could facilitate bone healing. Following immersion in simulated body fluid, a bone-like apatite layer formed on the biocomposite pins which had a similar composition and structure to natural bone. The sheet- and needle-like apatite nanostructure was doped with sodium, magnesium, and carbonate ions, which acted to lower the Ca/P atomic ratio to less than the stoichiometric apatite and presented a calcium-deficient apatite with low crystallinity. These findings demonstrated the bioactivity of the new biocomposite pins in vitro and their excellent potential for load-bearing applications.

Preparation of Merwinite with Apatite-Forming Ability by Sol-Gel Process

2007 ◽  
Vol 330-332 ◽  
pp. 67-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Ou ◽  
Guang Fu Yin ◽  
Da Li Zhou ◽  
X. C. Chen ◽  
Ya Dong Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Body Fluid ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Apatite Formation ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Sol Gel Process

Merwinite powders were synthesized by a sol-gel process. The bioactivity in vitro of merwinite was investigated by soaking the powders in simulated body fluid (SBF), the growth of hydroxyapatite(HAp) on the surface of the powder was evaluated in various time. It was found that hydroxyapatite was formed after soaking for 14 days. The results indicate that merwinite possessed apatite-formation ability might be a potential candidate biomaterial for hard tissue repair.

Effects of Heat Treatment on Apatite Formation of CaO-SiO2-PEEK Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 529-530 ◽  
pp. 436-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.B. Cho ◽  
E.M. An ◽  
Sujeong Lee ◽  
H.D. Jang ◽  
Ill Yong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Simulated Body Fluid ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
Apatite Formation ◽  
Ceramic Filler ◽  
Induction Periods ◽  
Sol Gel Process

Osteoconductive bone-repairing materials with mechanical properties analogous to those of human bone can be prepared through the combination of an osteoconductive ceramic filler with an organic polymer. Osteoconduction is archived from apatite formation on substrates. Previously, we reported that novel osteoconductive spherical particles in a binary CaO-SiO2 system were produced through a sol-gel process as ceramic filler for the fabrication of composites. In this study, we fabricated the composites consisting of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and 30CaO·70SiO2 (CS) spherical particles and evaluated the effects of heat treatment in the range of 320-360 °C on apatite formation of the composites in a simulated body fluid. The prepared composites of PEEK and CS particles form hydroxyapatite on their surfaces in the simulated body fluid. The induction periods of hydroxyapatite on the composites decreased with increasing the amount of CS particles and decreasing the temperature for heat treatment. The apatite formation was affected by exposure of ceramic filler on the polymer matrix.

Bioactivity Behavior of YSZ-Al2O3/10HAP Bioceramics Composites in Simulated Body Fluid

2014 ◽  
Vol 980 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
M.R.N. Liyana ◽  
Nur Maizatul Shima Adzali ◽  
M.Z.M. Zamzuri
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Body Fluid ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Immersion Time ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Human Blood Plasma ◽  
Apatite Formation

Yttria-stabilized zirconia and alumina made significant contributions to the development of health care industry, specifically as orthopedic and dental materials. Both bioceramics are nearly inert ceramics, as they do not allow the interfacial bonding with tissue. Thus, it is necessary to provide bioactive surrounding as to elicit a specific biological response at the interface of material. This research reported the microstructure and bioactivity behavior of YSZ-Al2O3/10HAP with 30 wt. % and 60 wt. % of YSZ content. Powders were mixed before being compacted at 225MPa using uni-axial press machine. The composites were sintered at 1200 ̊C with heating rate of 10 ̊C/min. In-vitro bioactivity behavior of the composites were evaluated by immersing the composites into simulated body fluid. Results from x-ray diffraction pattern, confirmed the phase formation of apatite by the presence of Ca2P2O7, and CaO that might be useful on implant cell interaction in a body environment. The apatite formation was observed on the surfaces of the composites by SEM only after 9 days of immersion and subsequently apatite nucleation increased with prolonging immersion time. The dynamic changes in pH, between ion concentration in SBF and bioceramics surfaces correspondedwith an immersion time. Up to 30 days of immersion, the pH value of SBF stabilized approximately around pH 7.4-7.6, similar to the human blood plasma. Formation of apatite on composites surface of prepared YSZ-Al2O3/10HAP bioceramics may contribute to the improved biocompatibility and osteoconductivity.

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