Modelling and Tissue Engineering of Three Layers of Calvarial Bone as a Biomimetic Scaffold

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 37-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Hosseinnejad ◽  
Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi ◽  
Forough Hafezi ◽  
Soroush Mohit Mafi ◽  
Afsaneh Amiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Repair ◽  
Parietal Bone ◽  
Calvarial Bone ◽  
Spongy Layer ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Excellent Candidate ◽  
Biomimetic Scaffold ◽  
Biological Tests ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Imagej Software

In this Study, a New Zealand Rabbit Parietal Bone Was Cross-Sectioned, and Parameters such as Entire Thickness and the Thicknesses of the Compact and Spongy Tables Were Morphometrically Measured by Imagej Software. the Pore Size of the Cancellous Table Was Also Analysed, and a Calvarial Bone Model Was Created. Based upon a Natural Model for Bone Repair, a Nano-Structured Scaffold Was Designed Using Bioglass and Gelatin (BG) as its Main Components. the Scaffold Was Prepared Using Layer Solvent Casting Combined with Freeze-Drying, Layering Techniques, and other Commonly Used Techniques. the Fabricated BG Scaffolds Were Made with Different Percentages of Nanoparticles, and the 10% and 30% Constructions Were Found to Be Respectively Similar to Compact and Spongy Bone. we Fabricated Three Lamellar Scaffolds with Two Compact Layers on the outside and One Spongy Layer in the Middle to Mimic the Composition and Structure of Natural Bone. the Chemical, Physical, and Biological Tests (including Cell Seeding on Scaffold and MTT Assay) that Evaluated this Scaffold Examined its Capacity to Promote Bone Repair. Fabricated Scaffolds Implanted in Rabbit Calvaria and Evaluated the Bone Repair by X-Ray. this Mimetic BG Scaffold Could Be an Excellent Candidate for a Synthetic Calvarial Bone Graft.

Regeneration of Bone Defects Using Bioactive Glass Combined with Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. An experimental in vivo study

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1983-1987
Author(s):  
Cristian Trambitas ◽  
Anca Maria Pop ◽  
Alina Dia Trambitas Miron ◽  
Dorin Constantin Dorobantu ◽  
Flaviu Tabaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Calvarial Bone ◽  
Specific Protocol ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Large bone defects are a medical concern as these are often unable to heal spontaneously, based on the host bone repair mechanisms. In their treatment, bone tissue engineering techniques represent a promising approach by providing a guide for osseous regeneration. As bioactive glasses proved to have osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties, the aim of our study was to evaluate by histologic examination, the differences in the healing of critical-sized calvarial bone defects filled with bioactive glass combined with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, compared to negative controls. We used 16 male Wistar rats subjected to a specific protocol based on which 2 calvarial bone defects were created in each animal, one was filled with Bon Alive S53P4 bioactive glass and adipose-derived stem cells and the other one was considered control. At intervals of one week during the following month, the animals were euthanized and the specimens from bone defects were histologically examined and compared. The results showed that this biomaterial was biocompatible and the first signs of osseous healing appeared in the third week. Bone Alive S53P4 bioactive glass could be an excellent bone substitute, reducing the need of bone grafts.

scholarly journals Bone Healing Improvements Using Hyaluronic Acid and Hydroxyapatite/Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate in Combination: An Animal Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Lan Chang ◽  
Yi-June Lo ◽  
Sheng-Wei Feng ◽  
Yu-Chih Huang ◽  
Hsin-Yuan Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Healing ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Parietal Bone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Calvarial Bone ◽  
Handling Characteristics ◽  
Beta Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Aqueous Binder

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the use of HLA as an aqueous binder of hydroxyapatite/beta-tricalcium phosphate (HA-βTCP) particles can reduce the amount of bone graft needed and increase ease of handling in clinical situations. In this study, HA/βTCP was loaded in commercially available crosslinking HLA to form a novel HLA/HA-βTCP composite. Six New Zealand White rabbits (3.0–3.6 kg) were used as test subjects. Four 6 mm defects were prepared in the parietal bone. The defects were filled with the HLA/HA-βTCP composite as well as HA-βTCP particle alone. New bone formation was analyzed by micro-CT and histomorphometry. Our results indicated that even when the HA-βTCP particle numbers were reduced, the regenerative effect on bone remained when the HLA existed. The bone volume density (BV/TV ratio) of HLA/HA-βTCP samples was 1.7 times larger than that of the control sample at week 2. The new bone increasing ratio (NBIR) of HLA/HA-βTCP samples was 1.78 times higher than the control group at week 2. In conclusion, HA-βTCP powder with HLA contributed to bone healing in rabbit calvarial bone defects. The addition of HLA to bone grafts not only promoted osteoconduction but also improved handling characteristics in clinical situations.

Effect of poly DL-lactide-co-glycolide implants and xenogeneic bone matrix-derived growth factors on calvarial bone repair in the rabbit

Biomaterials ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 513-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
M MEIKLE ◽  
S PAPAIOANNOU ◽  
T RATLEDGE ◽  
P SPEIGHT ◽  
S WATTSMITH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Calvarial Bone

Guided Bone Regeneration in Calvarial Bone Defects Using Polytetrafluoroethylene Membranes

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carles Bosch ◽  
Birte Melsen ◽  
Karin Vargervik
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Dura Mater ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Guided Bone Regeneration ◽  
Parietal Bone ◽  
Bony Defect ◽  
Calvarial Bone ◽  
Double Membrane ◽  
Single Membrane

Guided bone regeneration is defined as controlled stimulation of new bone formation in a bony defect, either by osteogenesis, osteoinduction, or osteoconduction, re-establishing both structural and functional characteristics. Bony defects may be found as a result of congenital anomalies, trauma, neoplasms, or infectious conditions. Such conditions are often associated with severe functional and esthetic problems. Corrective treatment is often complicated by limitations in tissue adaptations. The aim of the investigation was to compare histologically the amount of bone formed in an experimentally created parietal bone defect protected with one or two polytetrafluoroethylene membranes with a contralateral control defect. A bony defect was created bilaterally in the parietal bone lateral to the sagittal suture in 29 6-month-old male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into two groups: (1) In the double membrane group (n=9), the left experimental bone defect was protected by an outer polytetrafluoroethylene membrane under the periosteum and parietal muscles and an inner membrane between the dura mater and the parietal bone. (2) In the single membrane group (n=20), only the outer membrane was placed. The right defect was not covered with any membrane and served as control. The animals were killed after 30 days. None of the control defects demonstrated complete or partial bone regeneration. In the single membrane group, the experimental site did not regenerate in 15 animals, partially in four, and completely in one. In the double membrane group, six of the experimental defects had complete closure with bone, two had partial closure, and one no closure. The use of two membranes protecting the bone edges of the parietal defect from the overlying tissues and underlying brain enhanced bone regeneration in experimental calvarial bone defects. The biologic role of the dura mater may not be of critical importance in new bone regeneration in these calvarial bone defects.

scholarly journals Cell Type Influences Local Delivery of Biomolecules from a Bioinspired Apatite Drug Delivery System

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jumana Alhamdi ◽  
Emily Jacobs ◽  
Gloria Gronowicz ◽  
Nadia Benkirane-Jessel ◽  
Marja Hurley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Barrier Layer ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Osteoprogenitor Cell ◽  
Calvarial Bone ◽  
Cytotoxic Factor

Recently, the benefit of step-wise sequential delivery of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 from a bioinspired apatite drug delivery system on mouse calvarial bone repair was demonstrated. The thicknesses of the nanostructured poly-l-Lysine/poly-l-Glutamic acid polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) and the bone-like apatite barrier layer that make up the delivery system, were varied. The effects of the structural variations of the coating on the kinetics of cell access to a cytotoxic factor delivered by the layered structure were evaluated. FGF-2 was adsorbed into the outer PEM, and cytotoxic antimycin-A (AntiA) was adsorbed to the substrate below the barrier layer to detect the timing of the cell access. While MC3T3-E1 osteoprogenitor cells accessed AntiA after three days, the RAW 264.7 macrophage access occurred within 4 h, unless the PEM layer was removed, in which case the results were reversed. Pits were created in the coating by the RAW 264.7 macrophages and initiated delivery, while the osteoprogenitor cell access to drugs occurred through a solution-mediated coating dissolution, at junctions between the islands of crystals. Macrophage-mediated degradation is therefore a mechanism that controls drug release from coatings containing bioinspired apatite.

Effect of cell therapy with osteoblasts differentiated from bone marrow or adipose tissue stromal cells on bone repair

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1107-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gileade P Freitas ◽  
Helena B Lopes ◽  
Alann T P Souza ◽  
Paula G F P Oliveira ◽  
Adriana L G Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Calvarial Bone ◽  
Adipose Tissue Stromal Cells ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of local injection of osteoblasts differentiated from bone marrow (BM-OB) or adipose tissue (AT-OB) mesenchymal stromal cells on bone tissue formation. Materials & methods: Defects were created in rat calvaria and injected with BM-OB or AT-OB and phosphate-buffered saline without cells were injected as control. Bone formation was evaluated 4 weeks postinjection. Results: Injection of BM-OB or AT-OB resulted in higher bone formation than that obtained with control. The bone tissue induced by cell injections exhibited similar mechanical properties as those of pristine calvarial bone, and its molecular cues suggested the occurrence of a remodeling process. Conclusion: Results of this study demonstrated that cell therapy with osteoblasts induced significant bone formation that exhibited the same quality as that of pre-existent bone.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Bone Repair with Four Different Bone Substitutes in Critical Size Defects

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Gustavo Grossi-Oliveira ◽  
Leonardo P. Faverani ◽  
Bruno Coelho Mendes ◽  
Tárik Ocon Braga Polo ◽  
Gabriel Cury Batista Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Repair ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Calvarial Bone ◽  
Critical Size Defects ◽  
Related Transcription Factor ◽  
Osteoconductive Property ◽  
Bovine Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

This study evaluated the osteoconductive potential of four biomaterials used to fill bone defects. For this, 24 male Albino rabbits were submitted to the creation of a bilateral 8 mm calvarial bone defect. The animals were divided into four groups—bovine hydroxyapatite, Bio-Oss® (BIO); Lumina-Bone Porous® (LBP); Bonefill® (BFL); and an alloplastic material, Clonos® (CLN)—and were euthanized at 14 and 40 days. The samples were subjected to histological and histometric analysis for newly formed bone area. Immunohistochemical analysis for Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and osteocalcin (OC) was performed. After statistical analysis, the CLN group showed greater new bone formation (NB) in both periods analyzed (p<0.05). At 14 days, the NB showed greater values in BIO in relation to LBP and BFL groups; however, after 40 days, the LBP group surpassed the results of BIO (p<0.001). The immunostaining showed a decrease in Runx2 intensity in BIO after 40 days, while it increased for LBP (p<0.05). The CLN showed increased OC compared to the other groups in both periods analyzed (p<0.05). Therefore, CLN showed the best osteoconductive behavior in critical defects in rabbit calvaria, and BFL showed the lowest osteoconductive property.

Fabrication of Porous n-HA/PA66 Composite for Bone Repair

2007 ◽  
Vol 330-332 ◽  
pp. 321-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Li ◽  
Yu Bao Li ◽  
Yong Gang Yan ◽  
Ji Dong Li ◽  
Ai Ping Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Repair ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Porous Architecture ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Thermal Pressing ◽  
Defect Repair

Using nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide66 composite (n-HA/PA66) and a special foamer as start materials, a porous species for bone defect repair was successfully developed by thermal-pressing method. The resulting material presented: (1) high compressive strength which reached 13~46MPa; (2) excellent porous structure, the average diameter of pores in the matrix was in range of 280μm to 500μm and porosity of 36% to 57%. The porous architecture could be adjusted by the combination of processing parameters such as the weight of start mixture used per mold and the ratio of composite to foamer as well as n-HA content in the composite. No apparent change in composition and structure of n-HA/PA66 composite was found by XRD and IR determination before and after formation of porous species. According to Sherrer equation, the value of D(002) of n-HA crystals in porous material and start powder were about 70nm, indicating no occurrence of change in size of n-HA during the thermal-pressing procedure. Additionally, no foamer residual was detected in porous species.

Evaluation of the Long-Term Results of Rat Cranial Bone Repair Using a Particular Xenograft

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Develioglu ◽  
SerpilÜnver Saraydın ◽  
Ünal Kartal ◽  
Levent Taner
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Parietal Bone ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Cranial Bone ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Defect Sites

Abstract Bone defects that cannot be healed completely are termed critical-sized defects and can be used to test bone grafts for medicine, dentistry, and periodontology. The aim of the present study was to detect the effects of a xenograft (Unilab Surgibone) on bone building in experimentally created parietal bone defects in rats. Standardized parietal bone defects were created in 16 rats, and each defect had a circular morphology 6 mm in diameter. The right defect sites were filled with porous particle material, and the left site was used as control. After the 3rd, 6th, and 12th months, rats were killed and tissue samples obtained from the related site of the cranium. Subsequently, histological sections were taken and stained with different stains for evaluation under light microscope. The rate of bone formation was assessed using a semiquantitative method. These results showed that dense collagenous tissue was observed in the control area during the third month, whereas xenograft particles were surrounded by a fibrous tissue layer at the implantation site. Osteoclast-like cells were also observed. There was also no significant bone repair at other observation periods. It can be concluded that the material used had no evidence of resorption and does not enhance bone formation. However, it seems biocompatible, osteoconductive, and could be used in a limited manner as a material for filling osseous defects in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Calcium and phosphorus co-doped carbon dots enhance osteogenic differentiation for calvarial defect repair in situ

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Wu ◽  
Yunchao Wu ◽  
Jingjin Liu ◽  
Suwan Liu ◽  
Qianzhe Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Repair ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Calvarial Defect ◽  
Calvarial Bone ◽  
Bone Injury ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Doped Carbon Dots

Abstract Calvarial bone defect remains a clinical challenge due to the lack of efficient osteo-inductive agent. Herein, a novel calcium and phosphorus codoped carbon dot (Ca/P-CD) for bone regeneration was synthesized using phosphoethanolamine and calcium gluconate as precursors. The resultant Ca/P-CDs exhibited ultra-small size, stable excitation dependent emission spectra and favorable dispersibility in water. Moreover, Ca/P-CDs with good biocompatibility rapidly entered the cytoplasm through endocytosis and increased the expression of bone differentiation genes. After mixing with temperature-sensitive hydrogel, Ca/P-CDs were injected in situ into calvarial defect and promoted the repair of bone injury. These Ca/P-CDs provide a new treatment method for the bone repair and expend the application in the biomedical fields.

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