Characterisation of Treated Wastewater of M’Zab Valley for Reuse in Irrigation (Southern Algeria)

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Rachid Zegait ◽  
Boualem Remini
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Precious Resource ◽  
Wastewater Pollution ◽  
Poor Quality Water

The reuse of treated wastewater can reduce the water deficit in Saharan areas, especially in Ghardaia. The M'Zab wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is designed to treat wastewater by the natural lagoon system, and to reuse the treated water for irrigation of agricultural perimeters in order to contribute to sustainable development efforts in the region. Indeed the present work aims to search for the study of the possibility of reusing treated wastewater of M 'Zab in irrigation, to do this, we established and followed the evolution of the various physical-chemical and bacteriological analysis for two years (2013-2015), to study the effectiveness of biological treatment in the reduction of wastewater pollution, and then compare the results of treated water with national and international standards in the field of 'irrigation. The results showed that the treated water is considered as poor quality water is not usable only for some salt-tolerant species and on well-drained soil and leached, require additional treatments for ensured the quality of this precious resource.

scholarly journals A case study of urban wastewater reclamation in Spain: comparison of water quality produced by using alternative processes and related costs

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquín Melgarejo ◽  
Daniel Prats ◽  
Andrés Molina ◽  
Arturo Trapote
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Royal Decree ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Alternative Processes

In Spain, and particularly in the Valencia Region, the scarcity of water resources means that water resource exploitation must be optimized. In this light, reusing the large amounts of treated wastewater is a top priority, especially in agriculture, urban use and the irrigation of golf courses. Rincón de León wastewater treatment plant–water reclamation plant (Alicante, Spain) supplies reclaimed flow to a number of users according to the guidelines stated in the Royal Decree 1620/2007. Reclamation treatment includes: coagulation + flocculation + filtration (sand bed), ultrafiltration, ultraviolet disinfection and desalination (reverse osmosis). By combining these processes, three tertiary treatment alternatives were configured, and for each of them the quality of effluents, treatment costs, energy consumption and the uses of treated water were analysed. The results show that the quality of the water treated using the three alternatives is suitable for different uses. Moreover, the costs resulting from the tertiary treatment processes, their energy consumption and the final price of the treated water paid by farmers have been obtained.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical and microbiological quality of M’Zar wastewater treatment plant effluents and their impact on the green irrigation of the Golf course

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1) ◽  
pp. 439-445
Author(s):  
Abir Chahouri ◽  
Nadia El Ouahmani ◽  
Redouane Choukrallah ◽  
Bouchra Yacoubi
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Reuse Of Treated Wastewater

Abstract Purpose Reuse of treated wastewater (TWW) for irrigation can be an effective strategy in Morocco to overcome the pressure on freshwater resources. The M’zar wastewater plant is based on percolation infiltration treatment, allowing the purification of the wastewater of Agadir, and with its UV disinfection system, it is now possible to reuse this water for irrigation. In this sense, the aim of our study is to evaluate the microbiological and physicochemical quality of the treated wastewater of this station, used for irrigation of a Golf course as well as to determine its impact on grass and soil. Methods A monitoring of TWW quality was carried out monthly on the level of the Ocean’s Golf on water samples, grass and soil. This monitoring is related to the physicochemical (pH, temperature, conductivity, STD, COD, and BOD5) and bacteriological characteristics by counting the indicators of faecal contamination, faecal coliforms (FC), faecal streptococci (FS), Salmonella and Vibrios as well as sulphito-reducers spores (SRS). Results The results of microbiological analysis in the three compartments confirm the presence of various organisms such as FC, FS, and SRS in a very significant number with no load in Salmonella and Vibrios during our study period. For physicochemical analyses, we observed that only the conductivity showed fairly a high value of 6.38 dS/m. Conclusion The obtained physicochemical and bacteriological results revealed that the treated wastewater with the M’zar plant complies with national and international standards.

scholarly journals Epidemic Situation in Ukraine Related to the Quality of Drinking Water

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Rudenko
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The Past ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Enteric Infections ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Poor Quality Water ◽  
Sanitation Systems

70 outbreaks of severe enteric infections were registered among the population in 19 administrative territories in Ukraine over the past 17 years. The source of infection was poor-quality water. A total of 8265 people acquired an infection, 4140 of them were children. Most outbreaks were related to the piped water contaminated by rotaviruses, as a result of emergencies in the water supply and sanitation systems.

scholarly journals An assessment of the Armenian national midwifery curriculum as per international standards

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Aslanyan ◽  
S Sahakyan ◽  
V Petrosyan
Keyword(s):  
Poor Quality ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Global Competency ◽  
Midwifery Education ◽  
Study Team ◽  
Competency Based ◽  
Document Review ◽  
Provision Of Care

Abstract Background Literature suggests increasing evidence that incompetent midwifery education results in poor quality of care. The study compared and evaluated the level of compliance of the Armenian national criterion on midwifery with the global competency standards and developed recommendations for improvement. Methods The study team conducted a document review using a standardized checklist, which was adapted from the International Confederation of Midwives (ICM) core assessment tools. The document review explored if the main knowledge and skills/ability related elements of each ICM competency were separately covered by different modules of the national criterion using a scoring system with categories: not met, partially met, fully met and unspecified. Results Although the national criterion did not have specifically defined competencies, most of the elements required by the ICM were present as specific learning outcomes under different modules of the criterion. Midwifery program curriculum was described as intensive with unnecessarily heavy workload. Additionally, the document review reviled that most of the learning outcome defined in modules of the national criterion focused more on theoretical knowledge rather than practical skills and abilities. Overall, the ICM required competency in provision of care during pregnancy was the most comprehensively covered one in the national criterion, while the competency in facilitation of abortion related care was the lowest covered. National criterion did not highlight the importance of topics such as women's rights and health, principles of epidemiology, statistical methods of research, cultural, local and ethical beliefs. Conclusions The systematic comparison of the national criterion with internationally recognized essential competencies demonstrates significant gaps. The study team recommends revisions to the national criterion to make it competency based. Key messages Midwifery education criteria in Armenia did not reflect internationally accepted midwifery competency’s fundamental philosophy and values. Given the shortcomings of the current national midwifery education criterion, a comprehensive revision of the competencies of midwives in Armenia should be considered.

Inline Inspection: Both Effective Data Collection and Interpretation Needed to Achieve High Quality Reporting Results

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Walker ◽  
Paul Mallaburn ◽  
Derek Balmer
Keyword(s):  
Financial Risk ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Quality Reporting ◽  
Certification Standard ◽  
Consensus Standard ◽  
Inspection Data

Historically, pipeline operators have tended to place more weight on inline inspection tool specifications than on the inherent design and reporting capabilities of the service providers themselves. While internal collection of integrity data is very important, it’s imperative that vendors, also, have high levels of expertise and effective quality control systems in place to successfully analyze exceedingly high volumes of inspection data. The quality of inspection information is vital to assessing if a pipeline is fit for purpose now and/or into the future. Integrity managers attempting to reduce overall operating risk by making decisions based on inaccurate or poor quality reporting are in fact exposing their networks to greater safety and financial risk. Recognizing these risks and that inline inspection (ILI) is an overall system that needs to be formally qualified, operators and ILI service providers have collaborated to develop several international standards. The most recent is the umbrella API-1163 industry consensus standard, which is now being widely adopted, primarily in USA. This standard provides requirements and recommended practices for qualification of the entire ILI process. Two companion standards: ASNT In-line Personnel Qualification and Certification Standard No. ILI-PQ and NACE Recommended Practice In-Line Inspection of Pipelines RP0102 combine to address specific requirements for personnel who operate and analyze the results of ILI systems. In Europe, the Pipeline Operators Forum (POF) has, also, established specific requirements for ILI reporting processes and data formats. However, these standards do not define how operators and vendors must meet these requirements. To follow will be a story about how an ILI service provider embraced a holistic approach to address these standards’ requirements, in particular in the areas of data analysis, reporting, and dig verification due to their significant importance in assuring the final quality of its deliverables. A key outcome desired will be to provide operators with greater insight into what best practices and technologies ILI service providers should have embraced and invested in to insure reliable service delivery.

scholarly journals Rainwater Harvesting as a Drinking Water Option for Mexico City

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireya Gispert ◽  
María Hernández ◽  
Enrique Climent ◽  
María Flores
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Poor Quality Water ◽  
The University

Mexico City is one of the most water-stressed cities in the world; poor quality water occurs in several parts of the City. The use of rainwater harvesting (RWH) as a source of drinking water is gaining acceptance in several contexts, but the quality of the water obtained through these systems has not been sufficiently studied. This manuscript presents the results of water quality tests from samples taken in each component of an RWH system, installed by Isla Urbana at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), southern Mexico City. The RWH system culminates with a drinking fountain which supplies water for the students, and other members of the university community. Samples were retrieved from August 2014 to November 2015, approximately once per month. Results showed that with an adequate operation of the RWH system the major ions, fluoride, zinc, arsenic, lead, iron, copper, chromium, aluminum, nitrate, and total coliforms comply with national standards and international guidelines for drinking water. Thus, RWH constitutes a viable option for providing good quality water in a megacity that will become increasingly water-stressed due to climate change.

Application of treated wastewater for cultivation of carnations

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 457-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Petousi ◽  
N. Stavroulaki ◽  
M. Fountoulakis ◽  
M. Papadimitriou ◽  
E.I. Stentiford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
The Other ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
Micro Elements ◽  
Positive Effect

The reuse of domestic wastewater for irrigation of floriculture crops is a very promising option in water-scarce areas. On the other hand, there are concerns about the effect of that kind low-quality water on plant growth. The present work examined the effect of irrigation with several type of treated domestic wastewater on production of carnations. Potted plants were irrigated with primary treated, secondary treated and tertiary treated wastewater as well as with water and water with fertilizer. The results shown that carnations can be irrigated with treated wastewater as the growth and quality of plant is equal or better compared with water. Furthermore, it was found that nutrients and micro-elements contained in treated wastewater had as a result positive effect on characteristics of carnations.

scholarly journals Initial growth and tolerance of melon cultivars under salt stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 462
Author(s):  
Erbia Bressia Gonçalves Araujo ◽  
Francisco Vanies da Silva Sá ◽  
Fernanda Andrade de Oliveira ◽  
Lauter Silva Souto ◽  
Emanoela Pereira de Paiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Poor Quality Water

The melon crop is normally developed in semiarid regions, where water resources are limited. This scarcity of water is a strong stressor on the crops, and requires the supplementation of existing water supplies with poor quality water, especially saline water. This can impede the growth and production of plants; however, the use of tolerant genotypes may minimize this problem. Thus, a greenhouse experiment was developed at the Federal University of Campina Grande - UFCG, Pombal Campus, Paraiba State, Brazil, in order to study the emergence, initial growth, and tolerance of melon cultivars irrigated with waters of different salt content. We studied three melon cultivars (Gaúcho Redondo, Gaúcho Casca de Carvalho and Halles Best Jumbo) irrigated with five levels of saline water (0.6; 1.2; 1.8; 2.4; and 3.0 dS m-1), arranged in a 3 x 5 factorial scheme, with the treatments distributed in a randomized block design with four replications. The plants seeds were monitored for 30 days after sowing, and at 30 days the growth and salinity tolerance index was evaluated. Cultivar Halles Best Jumbo was the most tolerant to saline water during initial stage of growth, while the Gaucho Redondo was more sensitive to salinity. It was found that saline waters up to 1.8 dS m-1 were suitable for irrigation of melon plants round Gaucho and waters up to 2.4 dS m-1 could be used for irrigation of Gaucho Casca de Carvalho and Halles Best Jumbo crops during the initial growth phase.

scholarly journals Differences in the ASM model caused by data structure

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 00036
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Kowalewski
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Insufficient Amount ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Plant Monitoring ◽  
Model Family

The process of designing and exploiting municipal sewage treatment plants has become much simpler and more efficient thanks to mathematical modeling. The ASM model family is able to simulate the operation of existing or designed objects in a satisfactory manner. The basic problem in Poland is the insufficient amount of data for simulations coming from plant monitoring. It is provided to create unstable model results with difficulties in calibration and validation. The aim of this article is to confirm how the amount of data and its completeness will affect the quality of the simulation performed in the ASM model. The study object is a sewage treatment plant located in Chicago in the USA. It is a sewage treatment plant operating with activated sludge technology, with regular monitoring of the quality of raw and treated wastewater. For modeling, a variant of the ASM model built into the BioWin 5.2 software was used.

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