Notch Effects on Impact and Bending Characteristics of Spheroidal Graphite and Compacted Vermicular Graphite Cast Irons with Various Matrices

2010 ◽  
Vol 457 ◽  
pp. 392-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tohru Nobuki ◽  
Minoru Hatate ◽  
Toshio Shiota
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Brittle Fracture ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite ◽  
Buffer Effect ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
The Impact

The object of this study is to find out and evaluate systematically how the basic factors such as graphite-shape, external notch and matrix-characteristic affect the impact and bending characteristics of cast irons. The Spheroidal Graphite (SG) and Compacted Vermicular graphite (CV) cast iron samples were prepared, and their matrixes were modified into ferritic, pearlitic and bainitic in order to make the various kinds of samples whose graphite-shape and matrix vary widely. From each sample we produced five kinds of Charpy-type specimens by adding five kinds of notches whose stress concentration factor (α) varied from 1.0 (un-notched) to 4.8. The Charpy impact value decreases greatly in the range of α from 1 to 2.3 but decreases slightly in the range of α larger than 2.3. No influence to the fracture energy in the range of α larger than 2.3. Increasing of α results in moderate elevation of transition temperature of Charpy impact value and the transition temperature of CV cast ion is lower than that of SG one. The impact value in brittle fracture region of the cast iron samples were recognized to be a little bit larger than that of cast steel sample, and it was considered to be caused by graphite which act as a kind of buffer effect against crack growth in brittle fracture.

ISO 185/JL/350

Alloy Digest ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Test Pieces

Abstract ISO 185/JL/350 is a higher-tensile-strength gray cast iron that has a pearlitic matrix, and a tensile strength of 350–450 MPa (51–65 ksi), when determined on test pieces machined from separately cast, 30 mm (1.2 in.) diameter test bars. It provides a combination of high strength while still maintaining good thermal conductivity compared with other types of cast iron. This grade approaches the maximum tensile strength attainable in gray cast iron. Applications therefore tend to be confined to those where thermal conductivity requirements in service preclude the use of one of the other higher-strength materials such as spheroidal graphite cast irons, which have inferior thermal properties. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and tensile properties. It also includes information on wear resistance as well as casting and heat treating. Filing Code: CI-85. Producer or source: International Organization for Standardization.

Semisolid Forging of Cast Iron Using Rapid Resistance Heating

2007 ◽  
Vol 561-565 ◽  
pp. 925-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seijiro Maki ◽  
Kazuhito Suzuki ◽  
Kenichiro Mori
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Control Function ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite ◽  
Pig Iron ◽  
Resistance Heating ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Ac Power ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron ◽  
Graphite Cast Iron

Feasibility of semisolid forging of cast iron using rapid resistance heating was experimentally investigated. Gray pig iron FC250 and spheroidal graphite cast iron FCD600, whose carbon equivalents are both 4.3% in mass, were used for the experiments. Since these cast irons have a narrow semisolid temperature range, an AC power supply with an input electric energy control function was used. In this study, the resistance heating characteristics of the cast irons were firstly examined, and then their semisolid forging experiments were conducted. In the forging experiments, the conditions of the forgings such as microstructures and hardness properties were examined, and the feasibility of the semisolid forging of cast iron using resistance heating was discussed. As a result, it was found that the method presented here is highly feasible.

scholarly journals Ausferritic (bainitic) cast iron: Harmonization of international standard ISO 17804 in application to the conditions of Belarus

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-72
Author(s):  
A. I. Pokrovskii ◽  
B. B. Khina ◽  
O. A. Tolkacheva
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
High Strength ◽  
State Committee ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
State Organizations

The experience of the Physico-technical Institute (PhTI) of the National Acdemy of Sciences of Belarus in the harmonization of international standard ISO 17804 (Founding – Ausferritic spheroidal graphite cast irons – Classification) and development of the Belorussian analogue STB ISO is described. The reasons for the choice of austempered ductile iron (ADI) as an object for standard harmonization are presented: it is the most promising cast iron in comparison with gray and classical ductile iron. The work procedure on harmonization is described: how to include the task into the State Plan on standardization, specificity of translation of the text, peculiarities of with state organizations responsible for approbation of standards such as Belorussian Institute for Standardization and Certification (BelGISS) and State Committee on Standards (Gosstandart), writing a summary of external reviews, working with critical comments from potential users. It is outlined that any foreign standard does not exists independently but is closely connected with at least 10 to 20 other standards. Thus, harmonization necessitates coordination with other standards and sometimes even with handbooks by adding annexes to the main text. The importance of a proper choice of the standard status is outlined: identical (ID) or modified (MOD). Developing an identical standard is prestigious but difficult because is requires harmonization of all the referenced standards, which is a very labor-consuming procedure. It is argued that the most suitable is ‘intermediate’ variant: adopting the authentic text of the international standard (in high-quality translation) but with annexes reflecting national specificity in this area. As a result, a harmonized standard is developed which, for the first time in Belarus, standardize the tensile strength of 800 MPa in combination with the elongation of 10 % and the tensile strength of 1400 MPa in combination with the elongation of 1 % for cast irons.The annual demand for ADI in Belarus is estimated as about 10,000 ton. It is shown that in Belarus, where about 60 industrial enterprises have a foundry and almost every engineering plant has a heat-treatment shop, austempered ductile cast (ADI), which features a high strength, can successfully compete with rolled steel in certain applications.

Influence of Ca-Ba and Sr Base Inoculants on Metallurgical and Mechanical Properties of Grey and Ductile Cast Irons

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhruv Patel ◽  
Devendra Parmar ◽  
Siddharthsinh Jadeja
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Ductile Cast Iron ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite ◽  
Primary Carbide ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Melt Temperature ◽  
Nodular Graphite

Microstructural adaptation of cast iron alloys by inoculation is a well-known practice to swell their mechanical properties. In foundries, several inoculants have been used to refine grain structure, and to obtain uniform distribution of graphite flakes. Inoculation is one of the most critical steps in cast iron production. The effectiveness of inoculants depends on melt temperature, method of addition, type of inoculants, and holding time. In this paper, the effect of Ca-based, Ba-based, Ca-Ba based and Sr-based inoculants on microstructure and tensile properties of grey cast iron IS-210 and spheroidal graphite iron IS-1862 is reported. Results showed both Ca and Ba based inoculants were effective in obtaining uniform distribution of flaky and nodular graphite in IS-210, and IS-1862 cast irons, respectively. But in a case of Sr-based inoculant were highly effective for increase the nodularity of SG cast iron as well as succeed supreme yield strength for both grey and ductile cast iron. The amounts of ferrite in the as-cast matrix are excess with controlled granulometry for elimination of primary carbide in Sr-based inoculant.

Effects of Nickel substitution by Manganese in Austenitic S.G. Cast Iron for Low-Temperature Uses

1984 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Poyet ◽  
P. Couchinave ◽  
P. I. Dancoisne
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Cast Material ◽  
Mechanical Tensile ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACTFor an economical purpose, an austenitic spheroidal graphite cast iron grade, containinq nickel-manganese, has been developed to replace Ni-Resist cast iron, type D2M, for cryogenic applications.Several tests were carried out to produce semi-industrial. heats of 200 kg so as to cast samples with a thickness ranging between 25 and 75 mm, and a variable nickel and manganese content. The resulting grades were compared each other and with Ni-Resist cast irons, before and after heat treatment, for their metallographic structure, their hardness, their mechanical tensile properties at room temperature and their impact values at temperatures down to - 150° C.The results show that it is possible to produce cast iron grades with 7 to 10 % manganese and 9 to 11 % nickel contents, featuring, at quenched state, better mechanical tensile properties at room temperature than Ni- Resist D2M with a 22–25 % Ni content, for roughly equivalent impact values at low temperatures. For as-cast material, the properties obtained vary with material thickness, and ductility is steeply decreasing for thicknesses under 30 mm.Weldability of Ni/Mn cast iron can be compared to Ni-Resist D2M weldability; machinability however seems more difficult, especially when boring quenched material.Generally speaking, the overall properties of these new grades and their lower cost-price if compared to Ni-Resist cast iron, should lead to promising outlets for low temperature uses and/or applications requiring high-level mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Testing of the physical and mechanical properties of cast iron with the help of IFMH-C device

2019 ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
A. P. Kren ◽  
V. A. Rudnitsky ◽  
G. A. Lantsman ◽  
M. N. Delendik ◽  
N. V. Zinkevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite ◽  
Applied Physics ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Manufacturing Environments ◽  
Non Destructive

The possibility of the application of impact microindentation method for testing the physic and mechanical properties of cast iron using the IFMH-C instrument developed at the Institute of applied physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus was tested. It was established that the method and the instrument allow to estimate such parameters as Brinell hardness in the range of 100–500 HB, elastic modulus from 40 to 200 MPa, as well as to determine the tensile strength of the flake and spheroidal graphite cast irons. The possibility of using the instrument for non-destructive test directly of parts and products in the manufacturing environments is shown.

scholarly journals MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF HIGH CHROMIUM WHITE CAST IRONS ALLOYED WITH BORON

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Julieta Kaleicheva ◽  
Krasimir Kirov ◽  
Valentin Plamenov Mishev ◽  
Zdravka Karaguiozova
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Boron Content ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
White Cast Iron ◽  
Metallographic Analysis ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
High Chromium ◽  
The Impact

The microstructure and mechanical properties of high chromium white cast iron with composition: 2,6÷3,4% C; 0,9÷1,1% Si; 0,8÷1,1% Mn; 1,0÷1,3% Mo; 12,3÷13,4% Cr, additionally doped with boron in an amount of 0,18% to 1,25% is investigated. The microstructure of six compositions of white cast irons is studied by means of an optical metallographic analysis - one without boron, and the others contain 0,18%; 0,23%; 0,59%; 0,96% and 1,25% boron. A test is performed to determine: hardness by the Rockwell method; microhardness; bending strength and impact toughness. It was found that at a boron content of 0,18%; 0,23% and 0,59%, the structure of white cast irons is subeutectic, with impact toughness in the range of 1,80÷1,52 J/cm2; with a boron content of 0,96%, the structure of white cast iron is close to the eutectic, with impact toughness 0,98 J/cm2 ; at a boron content of 1,25% the structure of white cast iron is supereutectic and the impact toughness decreases to 0,68 J/cm2. With a change in the boron content from 0,8% to 1,25%, the amount of carbide phase in the structure of white cast iron increases, which leads to an increase in hardness from 53 to 59 HRC. The highest bending strength (Rmi=660,85 MPa) was obtained in white cast irons with a boron content of 0,23%. 

Modelling the Thermal Conductivity of Various Cast Irons

2010 ◽  
Vol 457 ◽  
pp. 318-323
Author(s):  
Daniel Holmgren
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Area Fraction ◽  
Inverse Modelling ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite Iron ◽  
Good Agreement

The thermal conductivity of five predominately pearlitic grades of lamellar, compacted and spheroidal graphite iron have been modelled by means of existing models based on average field approximations. The model is based on the area fraction of different constituents and the width to length ratio of the graphite. The thermal conductivity of graphite in cast iron is derived by inverse modelling. These data are used in combination with experimental thermal conductivity values for a pearlitic matrix in order to model the thermal conductivity of various cast iron grades with good agreement. The calculations are executed for cast iron from room temperature up to 500°C.

Experimental Investigation of Twist Fatigue Characteristics on Piston Rings

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Pavithra ◽  
Mahesh Dhakal ◽  
Prithvi Hada ◽  
N. Yuvaraj ◽  
K. Sridhar
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Piston Ring ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite ◽  
Piston Rings ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron ◽  
Graphite Cast Iron ◽  
Grey Cast ◽  
Fatigue Characteristics

Piston ring is one of the most important parts of the internal combustion engines. This paper investigates the mechanical and twist fatigue characteristics on different piston ring materials. The piston ring materials were chosen in this study such as grey cast irons (3740 and 6140), malleable cast iron (3929), spheroidal graphite cast iron (6139) and martensitic carbidic grey cast iron (6454). Twist fatigue test was conducted on different materials of piston rings in order to identify the suitable piston ring for the effective operation. Geometrical features and the mechanical properties were also assessed in different materials for the effectiveness of piston rings.

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