Environmental Input and Output Analysis on the Solar PV Industry Chain of China

2011 ◽  
Vol 474-476 ◽  
pp. 381-385
Author(s):  
Jian Na Zhao ◽  
Xiang Nan Li
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Environmental Effect ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Environmental Input ◽  
Industry Chain ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
The Impact

Current research on this chain doesn't focus not only on the overall environmental benefits of the chain by monetized quantitative analysis, but also on the environmental impact of the process. Research on the environmental effect of solar energy is just based on a single enterprise individual, rather than the whole industry chain. Paper describes and quantifies the impact of chain's operation on environment, does descriptive study on the developing trend of domestic solar energy and the environmental problems of it's chain, and analyses the environmental effect on the point of view of the environmental input and output of the China's solar PV industry chain.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment and Environmental Valuation of Biochar Production: Two Case Studies in Belgium

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Rajabi Hamedani ◽  
Tom Kuppens ◽  
Robert Malina ◽  
Enrico Bocci ◽  
Andrea Colantoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Life Cycle Perspective ◽  
The Impact

It is unclear whether the production of biochar is economically feasible. As a consequence, firms do not often invest in biochar production plants. However, biochar production and application might be desirable from a societal perspective as it might entail net environmental benefits. Hence, the aim of this work has been to assess and monetize the environmental impacts of biochar production systems so that the environmental aspects can be integrated with the economic and social ones later on to quantify the total return for society. Therefore, a life cycle analysis (LCA) has been performed for two potential biochar production systems in Belgium based on two different feedstocks: (i) willow and (ii) pig manure. First, the environmental impacts of the two biochar production systems are assessed from a life cycle perspective, assuming one ton of biochar as the functional unit. Therefore, LCA using SimaPro software has been performed both on the midpoint and endpoint level. Biochar production from willow achieves better results compared to biochar from pig manure for all environmental impact categories considered. In a second step, monetary valuation has been applied to the LCA results in order to weigh environmental benefits against environmental costs using the Ecotax, Ecovalue, and Stepwise approach. Consequently, sensitivity analysis investigates the impact of variation in NPK savings and byproducts of the biochar production process on monetized life cycle assessment results. As a result, it is suggested that biochar production from willow is preferred to biochar production from pig manure from an environmental point of view. In future research, those monetized environmental impacts will be integrated within existing techno-economic models that calculate the financial viability from an investor’s point of view, so that the total return for society can be quantified and the preferred biochar production system from a societal point of view can be identified.

scholarly journals Harnessing Renewable Energy at Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education – A Role Model Case

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neelakandan T.R. ◽  
Pandiyarajan V ◽  
Shasi Anand Sridharan ◽  
Nagaraj Ramrao
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
The Impact

Global energy demand and environmental concerns are the driving force for the use of alternative sustainable and ecofriendly renewable energy sources. Solar energy is the inexhaustible and CO2 emission free energy source worldwide. It produces significant environmental benefits in comparison to the conventional energy sources, thus contributing to the sustainable development of human activities. It produces clean and renewable power from the sun and benefits the environment without causing air and water pollution. Alternatives to fossil fuels reduce carbon foot print across the globe reducing emission of greenhouse gases and become ecofriendly. Solar power has attracted the largest share of new investments in solar energy across the world. This research article shows light on the solar energy sources developed by Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education (KARE) for the effective utilization of solar energy in the campus and its impact on the reduction in carbon foot print and also the impact of green vegetation as a source of carbon sink for an ecofriendly campus.

Cybersecurity Attacks in Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Applications and Their Prevention

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (19) ◽  
pp. 66-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mhafuzul Islam ◽  
Mashrur Chowdhury ◽  
Hongda Li ◽  
Hongxin Hu
Keyword(s):  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Connected Vehicle ◽  
Ddos Attack ◽  
Stop Sign ◽  
Vehicle To Infrastructure ◽  
The Impact

A connected vehicle (CV) environment is comprised of diverse computing infrastructure, data communication and dissemination, and data collection systems that are vulnerable to the same cyberattacks as all traditional computing environments. Cyberattacks can jeopardize the expected safety, mobility, energy, and environmental benefits from CV applications. As cyberattacks can lead to severe consequences such as traffic incidents, it has become one of the primary concerns in CV applications. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of cyberattacks on the vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) network from a V2I application point of view. Then, we develop a novel V2I cybersecurity architecture, named CVGuard, which can detect and prevent cyberattacks on the V2I applications. In designing CVGuard, key challenges, such as scalability, resiliency and future usability were considered. A case study using a distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack on a V2I application, “Stop Sign Gap Assist (SSGA)” application, shows that CVGuard was effective in mitigating the adverse safety effects created by a DDoS attack. In our case study, because of the DDoS attack, conflicts between the minor and major road vehicles occurred at an unsignalized intersection, which could have caused crashes. A reduction of conflicts between vehicles occurred because CVGuard was in operation. The reduction of conflicts was compared based on the number of conflicts before and after the implementation and operation of the CVGuard security platform. Analysis revealed that the strategies adopted by CVGuard were successful in reducing the conflicts by 60% where a DDoS attack compromised the SSGA application at an unsignalized intersection.

scholarly journals Energy storage system design for large-scale solar PV in Malaysia: techno-economic analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Laajimi ◽  
Yun Ii Go
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Output Ratio ◽  
The Difference

AbstractLarge-scale solar is a non-reversible trend in the energy mix of Malaysia. Due to the mismatch between the peak of solar energy generation and the peak demand, energy storage projects are essential and crucial to optimize the use of this renewable resource. Although the technical and environmental benefits of such transition have been examined, the profitability of energy storage systems combined with large-scale solar PV has not been studied in Malaysia. This project aims to determine the most profitable business model of power systems, in terms of PV installed capacity, and energy storage capacity, and power system components. A comparative study has been done to compare the economic outcomes from different types of projects, with different scales and multiple configurations of large-scale solar PV combined with energy storage. The lowest values of LCOE are guaranteed with energy storage output to LSS output ratio, A = 5%. In this case, 30-MW projects have the cheapest electricity, equal to RM 0.2484/kWh. On the other hand, increasing the energy storage output to LSS output ratio, A to 60% results in the increase of LCOE, exceeding RM 0.47/kWh. On the economical side, with a difference of 0.06 kWh/m2/day for the analysis carried out in Pahang and Perak, the difference in net present worth is more than 7.5% of the net present cost. The difference between the two locations is comparatively higher for 50-MW projects. It is equal to RM 11.67 Million for A = 60%, while it is equal to RM 13.5 Million with A = 5%. Due to the energy prices in Malaysia, the projects that include large-scale solar only are more profitable technically and financially than those including large-scale solar and energy storage. It is found that adding storage to a large-scale solar project is more profitable technically and financially with greater large-scale solar capacities and smaller storage capacities. Nevertheless, with the current energy prices in Malaysia, projects that include only energy storage are not financially profitable. This study determined the parameters that affect the profitability of large-scale solar energy projects and energy storage projects, and the configurations that maximize financial profits. The findings of this study are useful for the future regulations that intend to enhance the deployment of large-scale solar PV and energy storage in Malaysia.

Sizing Solar Energy Components for Level-Crossing Facilities

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan de Dios Sanz Bobi ◽  
Pedro Reyes de la Pen˜a ◽  
Jose Carlos Hidalgo Fiestas ◽  
Alberto Garci´a de los A´ngeles ◽  
Roberto Loiero
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Great Difficulty ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Level Crossing ◽  
Level Crossings ◽  
The Impact

Currently, there are a large number of level crossings on railway lines. These signaling facilities are necessary from the point of view of railway lines and also from the traffic of vehicles and people crossing them. This signaling system is built on a number of elements such as acoustic and lighting signals—barriers that prevent cars & pedestrians from accessing rail tracks. These level crossing facilities operate autonomously and they are not part of the security facilities (interlockings) when planning or building stages. Therefore, a major constraint for level crossings is the lack of a feasible electric supply primarily because of the high cost of cable running due to the great difficulty of transporting this energy to some areas. This high cost will make installation unprofitable where there is light traffic in trains and/or pedestrians and vehicles. This paper proposes that a solar photovoltaic supply system would make installation cost efficient instead of cable running. The research shows that the sizing method for this power supply and the measuring tool detailed below ease calculations. This proposed system provides both economical and environmental benefits. These benefits positively impact those areas where traditional cable supply is difficult to provide. In order to size the electrical feeding system for these level crossings facilities two calculations are necessary: 1) the calculation of the daily incident solar irradiation into a horizontal surface and, 2) the location where the facility is going to be set. The calculation of the theoretical energy consumption is determined by the integral of the instantaneous electrical power consumption of the system. Thus, the proposed solution in the paper provides a cost reduction to deploy level crossing facilities crossing existing railway lines. It allows the installation of level crossings with increased security features necessary for the correct signaling from the basic level crossing to configurations such as acoustic and light signals, or even protective barriers. These elements provide more information and safety to cars and pedestrians concerning train crossing, decreasing the risk of accidents. Additionally, this power supply system can be deployed easily and can be adapted to any topology minimizing costs. Furthermore these systems are environmentally friendly as they clear away the impact of the electrical consumption of the facility from the network and do not need cable running in order to transport this energy to the level crossing facility.

scholarly journals Study Solar Energy Usage and Evaluation Activities around Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADDISU WORKU BEZABIH
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Standard Design ◽  
Mathematical Formulas ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Although solar energy is abundant, accessible, affordable, and ecologically and environmentally friendly, in rural Ethiopia, the majority of Households are still using pollutant kerosene for lighting. The researcher assess factors that influence dissemination activities, like solar PV installation practices, house and institutional system distribution strategies, system failures, and their causes. Additionally, The researcher analyzed the impact of PV orientation, comparing the simulation results currently performed by the PVsyst software with different angles observed during the sphere survey. This made it possible to influence the dissemination activity factors and, therefore, the best orientation. The study also assessed how access to alter, maintenance, lack of public awareness building, institutional problems, tariffs, and lack of a market could affect PV system access and large-scale distribution. To distribute a sufficient amount of solar PV across the country, this study recommends that consideration of distribution impact factors be considered in the most negligible levels to realize maximum results. The PV system could be a tilt at angles of 160 and 00 azimuths; supported by this method, the PV system can collect a mean of 5.36 kW/m2daily, which implies 1929.6 kW/m2/year. This was the vision that the researcher wish to possess a sustainable supply of energy within the country and reduce emissions from biomass.Thus, adapting standard design practices of mathematical formulas, experimental and PVsyst methods through numerical simulation is critical to identifying ways to enhance the efficiency and reliability of stand-alone PV power systems for further practicality within the region.

Harnessing Solar Energy Through Photovoltaic System in Chandigarh: A Step Towards Preparing for Climate Change

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-345
Author(s):  
Purva Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Decisive Action ◽  
The Impact

Climate is rapidly changing with disruptive impacts. Without decisive action, energy-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions would lead to climate degradation. All types of energy efficiency technologies will require widespread deployment, as global warming is likely to reach 1.5°C between 2030 and 2052, if it continues to increase at the current rate. Photovoltaic (PV) energy is one of the most promising emerging technologies in mitigating the impact of climate change. PV is the name of a method of converting solar energy into direct current electricity. Therefore, the objectives of this article are to study the initiatives taken by energy development agencies in India for promoting renewable sources of energy, to study the use of solar power as a renewable source of energy through PV system and to analyse the solar PV rooftop system in Chandigarh as a case study. The article is an empirical study based on primary data. For the purpose of collecting the primary data, a structured questionnaire was prepared for citizens and an interview schedule for officials. The results of the study show that the majority of the citizens were satisfied with the solar photovoltaic (SPV) installations in Chandigarh, while a very few of them were dissatisfied and their dissatisfaction revolved around getting clearances from different departments.

scholarly journals Long-Term Solar Photovoltaics Penetration in Single- and Two-Family Houses in Switzerland

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos Panos ◽  
Stavroula Margelou
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Excess Power ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rooftop Solar

The Swiss energy strategy aims at increasing electricity generation from solar power by 2050, to fulfil Switzerland’s commitments in the Paris Agreement. However, the market of single- and two-family houses is characterized by low return rates for excess power injected to the grid, and the installation of rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) is sensitive to financial incentives. We assess the drivers influencing the diffusion of rooftop solar PV systems until 2050, by employing an agent-based model. An agent is a single- or two-family house, and its decision to invest depends on the economic profitability of the investment, the agent’s income, environmental benefits (injunctive social norm), awareness and knowledge about the solar PV technology, and the impact of the social network (descriptive social norm). The model includes a synthetic population of agents, statistically equivalent to the true population. We also investigate the impact of different support policies, technology learning rates, electricity prices, and discount rates on the investment decision. We find that the concept of prosumer emerges, mainly via self-consumption strategies. The diffusion process of rooftop solar PV systems in single- and two-family houses gains momentum in the future. In the near-term, PV deployment is sensitive to the profitability of the investment, while after the year 2030, peer effects play an increasing role in the agents’ investment decisions.

Impact of Wide-Base Tires on Pavements: A National Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (40) ◽  
pp. 186-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imad L. Al-Qadi ◽  
Jaime A. Hernandez ◽  
Angeli Gamez ◽  
Mojtaba Ziyadi ◽  
Osman Erman Gungor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
National Study ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Pavement Structures ◽  
Pavement Damage ◽  
The Impact

This paper summarizes a multi-year effort comparing the new-generation wide-base tires (NG-WBT) and dual-tire assembly from a holistic point of view. The tires were compared considering not only pavement damage but also environmental impact. Numerical modeling, prediction methods, experimental measurements, and life-cycle assessment were combined to provide recommendations about the use of NG-WBT. A finite element (FE) approach considering variables that are usually omitted in the conventional analysis of flexible pavement was used for modeling pavement structures combining layer thickness, material properties, tire load, tire-inflation pressure, and pavement type (interstate and low volume). A prediction tool, ICT-Wide, was developed based on an artificial neural network to obtain critical pavement responses in cases excluded from the FE analysis matrix. Based on the bottom-up fatigue cracking, permanent deformation, and international roughness index, the life-cycle energy consumption, cost, and green-house gas emissions were estimated. To make this research useful for state departments of transportation and practitioners, a modification to AASHTOware is proposed to account for NG-WBT. The revision is based on two adjustment factors, one accounting for the discrepancy between the AASHTOware approach and the FE model of this study, and the other addressing the impact of NG-WBT. Although greater pavement damage may result from NG-WBT, for the analyzed cases, the extra pavement damage may be outweighed by the environmental benefits when NG-WBT market penetration is considered.

scholarly journals An approach to optimize the cycling operation of conventional combined heat and power plants

Energetika ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Polina Ivanova ◽  
Ervin Grebesh ◽  
Anna Mutule ◽  
Olegs Linkevics
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Market ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Numerical Computing ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Impact

The implementation of the market mechanism, which includes electricity price fluctuation, and a wide integration of intermittent generation, namely solar PV and wind energy, in energy production have changed the role and operation manner of conventional generation. It is partly or not at all adapted to new running conditions. Therefore, the efficiency and flexibility of conventional generation has to be improved. The numerical approach is developed in the context of combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) technology to adapt its running conditions to the electricity market mechanism. The developed approach was verified on a case study of the Baltic States (Latvia) examples in a multi-paradigm numerical computing environment MATLab. The obtained results show that the added profit is gained through production of supplementary electricity, and the impact of cycling operation is reduced through the decrease of cycling operation ranges numbers and the substitution of start-up with a less adverse one from a technical and economical point of view. The developed approach can be adapted to various technologies and situations by adding appropriate characteristics and constraints of technology.

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