Single Grit Scratching and Diamond Grinding on Optical Glasses

2011 ◽  
Vol 487 ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Q.L. Zhao ◽  
L.L. Zhao ◽  
B. Guo
Keyword(s):  
Material Removal ◽  
Grinding Force ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Diamond Grit ◽  
Optical Glasses ◽  
Force Ratio ◽  
Bk7 Glass ◽  
Force Curves ◽  
Integrity Analysis ◽  
Variation Trends

Based on the single diamond grit scratching and normal grinding assisted with ELID (Electrolytic in Process Dressing), the surface/subsurface integrity of machined spectrosil 2000 and BK7 glasses under various material removal modes have been investigated. In Single diamond grit scratching tests, the scratching traces display four kinds of scratch characteristics according to different material removal modes. In the diamond normal grinding, the surface/subsurface integrity analysis shows BK7 glass has a better machinability than that of spectrosil 2000. Moreover, with the increasing ae(depth of cut), these two kinds of glasses had the opposite variation trends about the Ra values and the force ratio, which is attributed to various material removal modes. While contrasting these two kinds of optical glasses ground under the same aeparameters, the smaller grinding force and grinding force ratio (Fn/Ft), as well as the more stable force curves correspond to a better surface quality.

Fundamentals of BK7 Glass Removal in Micro/Nano-Machining

2009 ◽  
Vol 76-78 ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Chen ◽  
Qing Long An ◽  
Wei Min Lin ◽  
Hitoshi Ohmori
Keyword(s):  
Material Removal ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Ductile Mode ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Bk7 Glass ◽  
Ductile Mode Cutting ◽  
Brittle Material Removal ◽  
Brittle Mode

The confine of ductile-mode cutting and brittle-mode cutting seems to be a crucial step for designing a brittle material removal process. However, the existing transition from ductile-mode to brittle-mode for BK7 material makes the confine of different mode very difficult. Through a series of micro/nano-machining tests, measurements of cutting forces and morphological appearance of cutting groove as well as the cross section at the certain depth of cut, the confirmation of ductile-mode cutting, transition-mode cutting and brittle-mode cutting has been clearly described in the paper. This lays a foundation for the fundamental understanding of cutting physics concerning of material characteristics and cutting tools, and thereafter for the development of optimal process technology.

Investigation of Grinding Characteristics of Cemented Carbides YL10.2 and YF06

2014 ◽  
Vol 1017 ◽  
pp. 104-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Xu ◽  
Jian Wu Yu ◽  
Zhong Jian Zhang ◽  
Jian Gang Tu ◽  
Xiang Zhong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Grinding Force ◽  
Cemented Carbides ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Ultrafine Grained ◽  
Machined Surface Roughness

YL10.2 and YF06 are ultrafine-grained cemented carbides, and grinding experiments were carried out with resin-bonded diamond grinding wheel. Based on measured grinding force, surface roughness and SEM topography, experimental results were analyzed; grinding forces and depth of grinding approach linear correlation; and the grinding force of YF06 is greater than that of YL10.2 in rough grinding, but the grinding force increases significantly if depth of cut is greater than a certain value in finish grinding. The trend of machined surface roughness looks like “V” type with the increasing of depth of cut; the material removal behavior of ultrafine-grained cemented carbides in grinding was observed; the ploughing and fragmentation exist simultaneously on the ground surface, and the dominated material removal behavior depends on the grinding parameters or chemical composition of workpiece.

Theoretical Model of Grinding Force in Quick-Point Grinding

2009 ◽  
Vol 626-627 ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Qiu ◽  
Ya Dong Gong ◽  
Yue Ming Liu ◽  
J. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Material Removal ◽  
Tangential Velocity ◽  
Grinding Force ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
Grinding Forces ◽  
Cutting Depth ◽  
Force Ratio ◽  
Grinding Mechanism ◽  
Material Removal Mode

Separating the workpiece velocity on the plane of grinding wheel, it is helpful to analyze Quick-point grinding mechanism. There are some relations among wheel’s deflective angle, workpiece feed velocity and tangential velocity. In this research, the resultant workpiece speed, grinding contact zone and material removal mode is analyzed. And a model is established which is helpful to analyze the tendency of component grinding forces and force ratio. It is found the grinding force is influenced by the factors such as cutting depth, wheel velocity, grinding angle as well as equivalent diameter, respectively. Finally, a theoretical basis for actual processing is provided.

Grinding Characteristic Research of High Efficiency Deep Grinding for Viscous Material

2010 ◽  
Vol 126-128 ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
Xiao Min Sheng ◽  
Li Guo ◽  
Kun Tang ◽  
Hai Qing Mi ◽  
Jian Wu Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Chip Thickness ◽  
Grinding Force ◽  
Tc4 Titanium Alloy ◽  
Force Ratio ◽  
Systemic Process ◽  
Material Removal Mode ◽  
Grinding Power

Focusing on the characteristic of hard-to-grinding for viscous materials, such as titanium alloy, systemic process experiments were done about grinding viscous materials, such as TC4 titanium alloy, under the high efficiency deep grinding (HEDG). Based on the analysis to the changing and characteristic of unit area grinding force F' with maximum undeformed chip thickness hmax and equivlent cutting thickness aeq , this paper discussed the changing of its material removal mode and analyzed the changing and characteristic of grinding force ratio N, specific grinding energy es with corresponding parameters further. Then, it was analyzed about the consumption of grinding power on the process of HEDG for TC4 titanium alloy. The experiment results reveal that application of HEDG can improve machining efficiency of grinding viscous materials.

Fundamental Investigation of Ultrasonic Assisted Surface Grinding of Inconel 718

2016 ◽  
Vol 1136 ◽  
pp. 365-370
Author(s):  
Si Si Li ◽  
Yong Bo Wu ◽  
Mitsuyoshi Nomura
Keyword(s):  
Inconel 718 ◽  
Vibration Amplitude ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Grinding Force ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Work Surface ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Actual Material

Inconel 718 has high yield strength, corrosion resistance, heat resistance and fatigue resistance, and possesses a lower thermal conductivity, leading to high grinding force and heavy wheel damage in grinding of this material. Against these problems, ultrasonic assisted grinding (UAG) can be the potential candidate for high efficiency processing of Inconel 718. The current work is, hence, to clarify the fundamental UAG characteristics of Inconel 718 by experimentally investigating the effect of vibration amplitude on grinding force, actual material removal and work-surface roughness under different process parameters such as the wheel rotational speed, wheel depth of cut and vibration amplitude. Summarizing the obtained results revealed that the grinding forces and the actual material removal in UAG are significantly smaller and larger, respectively, than those in conventional grinding. It is also found that ultrasonic vibration can improve the work-surface finish even at deep wheel depth of cut.

Effects of Process Parameters on Surface Roughness and MRR in the hard turning of EN 36 steel

2018 ◽  
pp. 102-110
Author(s):  
Amritpal Singh ◽  
Rakesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Material Removal Rate ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Hard Turning ◽  
Control Parameter ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Cutting Condition ◽  
Dry Cutting

In the present study, Experimental investigation of the effects of various cutting parameters on the response parameters in the hard turning of EN36 steel under the dry cutting condition is done. The input control parameters selected for the present work was the cutting speed, feed and depth of cut. The objective of the present work is to minimize the surface roughness to obtain better surface finish and maximization of material removal rate for better productivity. The design of experiments was done with the help of Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to find out the significance of the input parameters on the response parameters. Percentage contribution for each control parameter was calculated using ANOVA with 95 % confidence value. From results, it was observed that feed is the most significant factor for surface roughness and the depth of cut is the most significant control parameter for Material removal rate.

Performance Analysis of Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium Chloride Ionic Fluid under MQL Condition in Hard turning

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 7629-7647
Author(s):  
A. Pandey ◽  
R. Kumar ◽  
A. K. Sahoo ◽  
A. Paul ◽  
A. Panda
Keyword(s):  
Material Removal Rate ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Chip Morphology ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Depth Of Cut

The current research presents an overall performance-based analysis of Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium Chloride [[CH3(CH2)5]P(Cl)(CH2)13CH3] ionic fluid mixed with organic coconut oil (OCO) during turning of hardened D2 steel. The application of cutting fluid on the cutting interface was performed through Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) approach keeping an eye on the detrimental consequences of conventional flood cooling. PVD coated (TiN/TiCN/TiN) cermet tool was employed in the current experimental work. Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array and TOPSIS are executed to analysis the influences, significance and optimum parameter settings for predefined process parameters. The prime objective of the current work is to analyze the influence of OCO based Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium Chloride ionic fluid on flank wear, surface roughness, material removal rate, and chip morphology. Better quality of finish (Ra = 0.2 to 1.82 µm) was found with 1% weight fraction but it is not sufficient to control the wear growth. Abrasion, chipping, groove wear, and catastrophic tool tip breakage are recognized as foremost tool failure mechanisms. The significance of responses have been studied with the help of probability plots, main effect plots, contour plots, and surface plots and the correlation between the input and output parameters have been analyzed using regression model. Feed rate and depth of cut are equally influenced (48.98%) the surface finish while cutting speed attributed the strongest influence (90.1%). The material removal rate is strongly prejudiced by cutting speed (69.39 %) followed by feed rate (28.94%) whereas chip reduction coefficient is strongly influenced through the depth of cut (63.4%) succeeded by feed (28.8%). TOPSIS significantly optimized the responses with 67.1 % gain in closeness coefficient.

Optimization of Cutting Parameters in Milling Process Using Genetic Algorithm and ANOVA (March 2020)

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (10A) ◽  
pp. 1489-1503
Author(s):  
Marwa Q. Ibraheem
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Material Removal Rate ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Optimization Of Cutting Parameters

In this present work use a genetic algorithm for the selection of cutting conditions in milling operation such as cutting speed, feed and depth of cut to investigate the optimal value and the effects of it on the material removal rate and tool wear. The material selected for this work was Ti-6Al-4V Alloy using H13A carbide as a cutting tool. Two objective functions have been adopted gives minimum tool wear and maximum material removal rate that is simultaneously optimized. Finally, it does conclude from the results that the optimal value of cutting speed is (1992.601m/min), depth of cut is (1.55mm) and feed is (148.203mm/rev) for the present work.

scholarly journals Study on the Effect of Grinding Pressure on Material Removal Behavior Performed on a Self-Designed Passive Grinding Simulator

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4128
Author(s):  
Peng-Zhan Liu ◽  
Wen-Jun Zou ◽  
Jin Peng ◽  
Xu-Dong Song ◽  
Fu-Ren Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Grinding Force ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Grinding Temperature ◽  
Grinding Efficiency

Passive grinding is a new rail grinding strategy. In this work, the influence of grinding pressure on the removal behaviors of rail material in passive grinding was investigated by using a self-designed passive grinding simulator. Meanwhile, the surface morphology of the rail and grinding wheel were observed, and the grinding force and temperature were measured during the experiment. Results show that the increase of grinding pressure leads to the rise of rail removal rate, i.e., grinding efficiency, surface roughness, residual stress, grinding force and grinding temperature. Inversely, the enhancement of grinding pressure and grinding force will reduce the grinding ratio, which indicates that service life of grinding wheel decreases. The debris presents dissimilar morphology under different grinding pressure, which reflects the distinction in grinding process. Therefore, for rail passive grinding, the appropriate grinding pressure should be selected to balance the grinding quality and the use of grinding wheel.

Study on Effects of Ultrasonic Vibration on Grinding Force

2014 ◽  
Vol 532 ◽  
pp. 568-571
Author(s):  
Hong Li Zhang ◽  
Jin Huan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Ultrasonic Vibration ◽  
Brittle Material ◽  
Grinding Force ◽  
Grinding Force Ratio ◽  
Force Ratio

The mathematical models of the dynamic grinding force and the average grinding force were established by introducing the unit grinding force Fu. And the formula of the average grinding force in the grinding zone was derived. The experiments were conducted in the traditional grinding (TG) mode and tangential ultrasonic vibration grinding (TUAG) mode. The results show that the unit grinding force in TUAG is lower than that in TG in the same machining condition; the grinding force ratio is decreased due to the tangential ultrasonic vibration of the workpiece. It is helpful to improve the machinablity of the hard-brittle material.

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