Experimental Analysis of Bending and Axial Crush Behaviour of Single Hat Longitudinal Rail

2013 ◽  
Vol 569-570 ◽  
pp. 398-405
Author(s):  
Nurulakmar Abu Husain ◽  
Chi Loog Pang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Bottom Surface ◽  
Tensile Behaviour ◽  
Deformation Pattern ◽  
Displacement Curve ◽  
Displacement Response ◽  
Bending Load ◽  
Load Displacement

This paper deals with experimental investigations of single hat longitudinal rail under quasi-static crush loading. A set of identical specimen which was simplified from actual automotive longitudinal rail was fabricated, and quasi-static testing (i.e., compression and bending test) were conducted. The main objective of this research was to study the failure mode, bending and tensile behaviour of the structure under bending and axial compression. In order to get the compressive load-displacement response and its corresponding deformation pattern, the compression test was carried out using a Universal Testing Machine. Stress-strain curve and energy absorption of the specimen were derived from the compressive load-displacement response. It was found that the quasi-static response of the specimen in compression case was affected by the number and position of spot welds. For the bending test, the bending load was found to be fluctuated with the displacement in a way analogous to the folding behaviour and deformation of the cross-section of the specimen. Bending moment-rotation characteristic was derived from bending load-displacement curve to investigate the energy absorption of the specimen in bending case. Lastly, the von Mises stress at the top and bottom surface of the specimen is increased with increment of the punch head travel distance.

Numerical Analysis and Experimental Study of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite Joints under Bending Load

2021 ◽  
Vol 1163 ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Xi Lin Luo ◽  
Jian Hui Wei ◽  
Xue Kang Zhu ◽  
Hong Yin
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mode ◽  
Progressive Failure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Displacement Curve ◽  
Composite Joints ◽  
Static Load Test ◽  
Bending Load ◽  
Load Displacement

Three dimensional finite element models of composite joints were established to investigate the load-displacement behavior, failure mode of multi-axial tubular joints under bending load, and stress-strain relationship in some key positions. The joints were prepared by plain weave fabric. The effective elastic constants of fabric composite were calculated using meso-mechanics theory. A progressive failure analysis was performed using ABAQUS software to obtain the ultimate strength and failure mode of the sample. In addition, the damage process, failure mode and damage position was further studied. The bending properties of the joints were also presented by quasi-static load test using a three-point bending test device. Results of the ultimate load and damage analyses are compared to experimental data. The accuracy of the method was proved by the consistency of the relation between the load displacement curve trend and the correlation of the damage position and failure pattern.

Fracture Toughness Characterization of Carbon Bonded Alumina Using Chevron Notched Specimens

2017 ◽  
Vol 754 ◽  
pp. 71-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Zielke ◽  
Martin Abendroth ◽  
Meinhard Kuna
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Ceramic Material ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Parameter Study ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Displacement Curve ◽  
Notched Specimens ◽  
Load Displacement ◽  
Set Up

A new generation of multifunctional filters is made of carbon bonded alumina and is investigated within the collaborative research center 920 (CRC920). These filters are used during a casting process with the aim of reducing non-metallic inclusions in the cast product. The high thermal and mechanical loading of the filter requires a fracture mechanical characterization of the investigated ceramic material. In order to determine the fracture toughness of the ceramic material, a chevron-notched beam method (CNB) is applied. A 4-point-bending test set-up was constructed and brought into service, at which the load-displacement curve of small chevron-notched specimens (5 x 6 x 25 mm3) can be measured. The set-up offers the possibility of testing specimens at temperatures up to 1000oC. Preceding numerically work using the finite element method was performed to identify a suitable notch geometry. For this purpose a cohesive zone model was used. A parameter study is presented, which shows the influence of the notch parameter on the load-displacement curve.

scholarly journals Local Thickening and Friction Reducing to Constant Resistance in a Prefolded Energy Absorption Device

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Hailiang Xu ◽  
Jiaqi Song ◽  
Dong An ◽  
Yimin Song ◽  
Xiangfeng Lv
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Plastic Strain ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Concave Side ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
Displacement Curve ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Constant Resistance ◽  
Load Displacement

The energy absorption support for impact resistance used in mining engineering is a prefolded energy absorption device. In this paper, through the quasistatic compression test and numerical simulation, the relationship between the deformation process, load-displacement curve, and plastic strain of the original prefolded energy absorbing device is studied. It is found that the concave side stiffness has an obvious effect on the first and second descending sections of the load-displacement curve, and the friction coefficient has an obvious effect on the second ascending section of that. In order to make the prefolded energy absorption device reach the state of constant resistance where the reaction load does not fluctuate or the fluctuation is small in the crushing process, the plastic strain is restrained by thickening the local area of the concave side, which effectively reduces the descending amplitude of the load-displacement curve. Whether continuoues deformation occurs is affected by the friction coefficient. Finally, a constant resistance energy absorption device is designed by thickening the concave side and reducing the friction coefficient. Compared with the original structure, the maximum bearing capacity of the constant resistance energy absorption device is basically unchanged, the average bearing capacity is increased by 29%, the total energy absorption is increased by 111%, the specific energy absorption is increased by 119%, and the load-displacement curve variance is reduced to 3% of the original structure.

Uniaxial crushing of constrained tubes

2001 ◽  
Vol 215 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
A A Singace ◽  
H El-Sobky
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Radial Direction ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Displacement Curve ◽  
Energy Absorption Capacity ◽  
Axial Crushing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Load Displacement

By changing the end constraints, the behaviour of mild steel and aluminium alloy tubes of relatively low D/ t ratio, subjected to an axial crushing load, is studied. Many combinations of end constraints were produced by radially constraining one or both ends of the loaded tube outwards, inwards or in both directions. Partially constrained mild steel and aluminium tubes are found to collapse into either a pure concertina mode or a pure diamond mode, depending on the ratio D/ t and the material characteristics. Mixed concertina-diamond modes would generally result by radially constraining the tube at both ends. Constraining the tube radially outwards at one end does not significantly affect the load-displacement characteristics and the mode of collapse. However, constraining the tube radially inwards produces a different mode than that observed under outward, inward or combined outward/inward constraint. New modes of collapse have been observed under different combinations of outward and inward constraints at both ends. Fully constraining the tubes in the radial direction results in the removal of the initial overshoot in the load-displacement curve, which is responsible for the overestimation of the mean crushing load and the energy absorption capacity of tubular elements. The mode of collapse and the energy absorbed could be controlled with the proper choice of the end constraints.

Determination of the Flow Stress–Strain Curves of Aluminum Alloy and Tantalum Using the Compressive Load–Displacement Curves of a Hat-Type Specimen

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Ha Lee ◽  
Hyunho Shin ◽  
Jong-Bong Kim ◽  
Ju-Young Kim ◽  
Sung-Taek Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Flow Stress ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Displacement Curve ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Optimization Function ◽  
Load Displacement ◽  
Constitutive Parameters

The load–displacement curves of an aluminum alloy and tantalum were determined using a hat-type specimen in the compression test. Based on the results of finite element analysis, the employed geometry of the hat-type specimen was found to yield a load–displacement curve that is nearly independent of the friction between the specimen and the platen. The flow stress–strain curves of the alloy and tantalum were modeled using the Ludwik and Voce constitutive laws, respectively; furthermore, simulation of the compression event of the hat-type specimen was performed by assuming appropriate constitutive parameters. The constitutive parameters were varied via an optimization function built in matlab until the simulated load–displacement curves reasonably fit the experimental curve. The optimized constitutive parameters obtained in this way were then used to construct friction-free flow stress–strain curves of the two materials.

Failure Behavior of Aircraft Sandwich Panels under Bending Load

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 844-848
Author(s):  
Haftirman ◽  
K.S. Basaruddin ◽  
A.R. Syayuthi ◽  
M.S. Fartini
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Sandwich Panels ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Failure Behavior ◽  
Collapse Mechanism ◽  
Span Length ◽  
Bending Load ◽  
Effect Of Support

Failure behavior of aircraft sandwich panels under bending load has been investigated in this study. In this study focused in effect of support span length under bending load. Three-points bending test was performed to the specimens with various span length 125 mm, 80 mm, 70 mm, and 55 mm. Standard test method and dimensions were adhering to the ASTM C393. Deflection and energy absorption of the sandwich panels have been characterized by the variation span lengths.It was found that the deflection and the energy absorption of the sandwich panels were strongly influenced by the length of support span. In the bending test of sandwich panels at 125 mm support span length, the panel possess the lowest deflection at a critical load which is around 3.26 mm compared to the other support span length. The differences of the collapse load for 55 mm support span length is highly significant. The value of experimental was found at 1.54 kN whereas the theoretical value is 2.65 kN The ability to absorb energy of sandwich panels was affected by the collapse mechanism. It was found that the decrease of support span length increases the absorbed energy in the aircraft sandwich panel.

Axial Compression and Bending Characteristics of CFRP Hat Shaped Member According to Orientation Angle

2007 ◽  
Vol 544-545 ◽  
pp. 203-206
Author(s):  
Ji Hoon Kim ◽  
Kil Sung Lee ◽  
In Young Yang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Axial Compression ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Orientation Angle ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Section Shape ◽  
Bending Load ◽  
Stacking Condition

The strength members, such as front-end side members, are subjected to axial compressive and bending load during collision. Therefore, it is important to consider energy absorption by the axial compression and the bending for design of effective strength members. And at the same time, it also should consider reducing weight of the members. In this study, CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics) side members with single-hat-section shape were manufactured. The axial compression and the bending tests were performed for the members using universal testing machine, and the axial compression and the bending characteristics were analyzed. Stacking condition related to the energy absorption of composite materials is being considered as an issue for the structural efficiency. So the energy absorption of the member under the axial compressive load and the bending load were experimentally investigated.

scholarly journals Applicability of Concrete–Steel Composite Piles for Offshore Wind Foundations

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4794
Author(s):  
Yunsup Shin ◽  
Thomas Langford ◽  
Kyunghwan Cho ◽  
Jongheon Park ◽  
Junyoung Ko
Keyword(s):  
Steel Structures ◽  
Lateral Load ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Displacement Curve ◽  
Support Structures ◽  
Displacement Response ◽  
Mechanical Joint ◽  
Steel Composite ◽  
Load Displacement

Offshore wind-turbine support structures are largely made of steel since steel monopiles have accounted for the majority of installations in the last decade. As turbines become bigger, steel structures have led to an exponential increase in material and installation costs. From this point of view, the use of concrete for future support structures has been initiated. In this study, concrete–steel composite piles have been investigated. A pre-tensioned high strength concrete pile was placed in the lower part, mainly to support the axial load, and a steel pile in the upper part to resist the lateral load. A mechanical joint was adapted to connect the two different types of piles. Static axial, dynamic axial, and lateral load tests were performed to evaluate the load-displacement response of the composite pile, verify the integrity of the mechanical joint, and investigate its potential application to offshore wind foundations. This paper focused on the load-displacement response and the connection integrity; in particular, it investigated the lateral load-displacement response by comparing it to the results of beam-spring analysis. Based on the results from the field tests, a site-specific lateral load-displacement curve was suggested, and the connection integrity was verified.

Predicting Fracture Toughness of Three-Point Bending Specimen from Tensile Test Based on Micro-Plastic Damage Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 228-229 ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Wang ◽  
Chao Ma ◽  
Peng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Damage Model ◽  
Tension Test ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Displacement Curve ◽  
Resistance Curve ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Plastic Damage ◽  
Load Displacement

In this research X65 steel is chosen as the test material, and tension test and three-point bending test of X65 are made, then we got the load - displacement curve and the resistance curve. Using the finite element method to derive load - displacement curves of tension test based on the micro-plastic damage model, and the parameters controlling ductile crack growth are gotten by compared with the test results. We obtained the resistance curve of numerical calculation by WARP3D based on the parameters, which in good agreement with the experimental results. The results indicate that the three-point bending fracture toughness can be predicted by tension test based on micro-plastic damage mechanism.

Quasi-Steady-State Displacement Response of Whole Human Cadaveric Knees in a MRI Scanner

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Martin ◽  
C. P. Neu ◽  
M. L. Hull
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Quasi Steady State ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Displacement Response ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Load Displacement

It is important to determine the three-dimensional nonuniform deformation of articular cartilage in its native environment. A new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based technique (cartilage deformation by tag registration (CDTR)) has been developed, which can determine such deformations provided that the compressive load-displacement response of the knee reaches a quasi-steady state during cyclic loading. The objectives of this study were (1) to design and construct an apparatus to cyclically compress human cadaveric knees to physiological loads in a MRI scanner, (2) to determine the number of load cycles required to reach a quasi-steady-state load-displacement response for cyclic loading of human cadaveric knees, and (3) to collect sample MR images of undeformed and deformed states of tibiofemoral cartilage free of artifact while using the apparatus within a MRI scanner. An electropneumatic MRI-compatible apparatus was constructed to fit in a clinical MRI scanner, and a slope criterion was defined to indicate the point at which a quasi-steady-state load-displacement response, which would allow the use of CDTR, occurred during cyclic loading of a human knee. The average number of cycles required to reach a quasi-steady-state load-displacement response according to the slope criterion defined herein for three cadaveric knee joints was 356±69. This indicates that human knee joint specimens can be cyclically loaded such that deformation is repeatable according to MRI requirements of CDTR. Sample images of tibiofemoral cartilage were obtained for a single knee joint. These images demonstrate the usefulness of the apparatus in a MRI scanner. Thus the results of this study are a crucial step toward developing a MRI-based method to determine the deformations of articular cartilage in whole human cadaveric knees.

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