Recycling of Construction and Demolition Waste Material for Energy Savings in India

Buildings are an integral part for development in any sector of economic growth and they consume resources not only during their construction but also for operation throughout their life. The design, construction, operation, maintenance, and ultimately the removal of buildings consume large amounts of energy, water, and building materials, and generate large quantities of waste, and pollute the air and water. The amount of resources consumed, waste generated can be judged from the fact that in any development project, the component of construction is quite large.The Indian construction industry has accounted for approximately 50% of the country's capital outlay in successive Five Year Plans, and projected investment continues to show a growing trend. Out of 48 million tonnes of solid waste generated in India, C&D (construction and demolition) waste makes up 25% annually. Despite this the use of recycled material in construction is not much, which can largely be attributed to various factors like lack of awareness on the part of designers/engineers, lack of awareness campaigns and appreciation of using recycled materials, unorganized market of recycled construction material, absence of a proper solid waste management system in urban areas, lack of tax incentives and poor implementation of legislation on the use of recycled materials. It is high time that the above said issues about the use of recycled material in construction in our country be addressed so as to achieve economy in construction coupled with easing burden on natural resources thereby resulting in cleaner environment.

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Recycling of construction and demolition waste during renovation of territories and pavements of large cities

Russian journal of resources conservation and recycling ◽

10.15862/06nzor418 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Vitali Chulkov ◽

Bakhruz Nazirov

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Building Materials ◽

Housing Stock ◽

Construction And Demolition Waste ◽

Demolition Waste ◽

Large Cities ◽

New Construction ◽

Process Of Urbanization ◽

The City ◽

New Buildings

In the process of urbanization of large cities in different countries, there are similar problems of reorganization, involving the demolition of physically and morally obsolete buildings and structures, as well as the subsequent construction reorganization of the territories vacated or re-cut to the city. In the process of demolition of obsolete buildings and structures, as well as the construction of new buildings, inevitably significant amounts of waste and construction debris arise that should be recycled as much as possible into secondary building materials (to carry out the so-called «recycling» of waste). Types of construction reorganization of urban areas are divided into traditional, widely known and standardized (repair, reconstruction, restoration), and innovative, arising in the processes of reorganization of society. Among the innovative types of construction reorganization, renovation is currently the most relevant, meeting the need to renovate the dilapidated housing stock of cities. The article discusses the main types of construction waste generated during demolition and new construction, as well as the technologies used for recycling these wastes during the renovation of territories and pavements of large cities.

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Crushed Bricks: Demolition Waste as a Sustainable Raw Material for Geopolymers

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13147572 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 7572

Author(s):

Gigliola D’Angelo ◽

Marina Fumo ◽

Mercedes del Rio Merino ◽

Ilaria Capasso ◽

Assunta Campanile ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Building Materials ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Construction Material ◽

Raw Material ◽

The European Union ◽

Total Energy Consumption ◽

Demolition Waste ◽

Crushed Brick

Demolition activity plays an important role in the total energy consumption of the construction industry in the European Union. The indiscriminate use of non-renewable raw materials, energy consumption, and unsustainable design has led to a redefinition of the criteria to ensure environmental protection. This article introduces an experimental plan that determines the viability of a new type of construction material, obtained from crushed brick waste, to be introduced into the construction market. The potential of crushed brick waste as a raw material in the production of building precast products, obtained by curing a geopolymeric blend at 60 °C for 3 days, has been exploited. Geopolymers represent an important alternative in reducing emissions and energy consumption, whilst, at the same time, achieving a considerable mechanical performance. The results obtained from this study show that the geopolymers produced from crushed brick were characterized by good properties in terms of open porosity, water absorption, mechanical strength, and surface resistance values when compared to building materials produced using traditional technologies.

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Statistical and Reliability Study on Shear Strength of Recycled Coarse Aggregate Reinforced Concrete Beams

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14123321 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

pp. 3321

Author(s):

Hyunjin Ju ◽

Meirzhan Yerzhanov ◽

Alina Serik ◽

Deuckhang Lee ◽

Jong R. Kim

Keyword(s):

Reinforced Concrete ◽

Concrete Beams ◽

Construction Material ◽

Safety Margin ◽

Shear Capacity ◽

Reinforced Concrete Beams ◽

Construction And Demolition Waste ◽

Demolition Waste ◽

Rc Structures ◽

Coarse Aggregates

The consumption of structural concrete in the construction industry is rapidly growing, and concrete will remain the main construction material for increasing urbanization all over the world in the near future. Meanwhile, construction and demolition waste from concrete structures is also leading to a significant environmental problem. Therefore, a proper sustainable solution is needed to address this environmental concern. One of the solutions can be using recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) in reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Extensive research has been conducted in this area in recent years. However, the usage of RCA concrete in the industry is still limited due to the absence of structural regulations appropriate to the RCA concrete. This study addresses a safety margin of RCA concrete beams in terms of shear capacity which is comparable to natural coarse aggregates (NCA) concrete beams. To this end, a database for reinforced concrete beams made of recycled coarse aggregates with and without shear reinforcement was established, collecting the shear specimens available from various works in the existing literature. The database was used to statistically identify the strength margin between RCA and NCA concrete beams and to calculate its safety margin based on reliability analysis. Moreover, a comparability study of RCA beams was conducted with its control specimens and with a database for conventional RC beams.

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Concrete Production of Hot Asphalt Using Recycled Aggregates CDW

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.881.346 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 881 ◽

pp. 346-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Luzana Leite Brasileiro ◽

Fátima Maria de Souza Pereira ◽

Pablo de Abreu Vieira ◽

José Milton Elias de Matos

Keyword(s):

Solid Waste ◽

National Policy ◽

Mechanical Tests ◽

Construction And Demolition Waste ◽

Recycled Aggregate ◽

Recycled Aggregates ◽

Demolition Waste ◽

Final Destination ◽

Natural Aggregate ◽

Concrete Production

Every year, there is a considerable increase in the exploitation of deposits to supply the market for aggregates. On the other hand, so does the production of solid waste from construction and demolition waste (CDW). In 2010 Brazil approved the PNRS (National Policy on Solid Waste), which sets out how the country should have their waste, encouraging recycling and sustainability. As an alternative to the above problem, this paper aims to investigate the feasibility of partial and total replacement of the asphalt concrete aggregates by recycled aggregates from CDW in order to reduce the environmental impacts caused by the operation of quarries and give an adequate final destination the residue produced by man in construction. Were carried out five (05) projects mixture of: the first (parameter of our research) used only natural aggregates (0% CDW) in the second, third and fourth replaced 25%, 50% and 75% respectively of natural aggregate by the recycled aggregate and the fifth and last, used only recycled aggregates (100% CDW). They carried out the characterization of the aggregates by means of physico-chemical and mechanical, analyzing them with reference based on specific standards paving. For mixtures, they calculated the volumetric parameters and performed mechanical tests of tensile strength and stability. The results indicate that the recycled aggregate, in a defined proportion, can replace the natural aggregate in the flexible pavements

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Survey on Household Solid Waste Sorting at Source in Developing Economies: A Case Study of Nur-Sultan City in Kazakhstan

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11226496 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (22) ◽

pp. 6496 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sarbassov ◽

Sagalova ◽

Tursunov ◽

Venetis ◽

Xenarios ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solid Waste ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Management Practices ◽

Developing Economies ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Solid Waste Disposal ◽

Fast Growing ◽

Awareness Campaigns ◽

Household Solid Waste

The exponential population growth in urban areas makes existing solid waste management policies and strategies challenging. The situation becomes more strenuous in fast-growing cities where increasing waste production can hardly be met by the capacity of existing facilities. Practices like waste prevention, recycling, reuse, and recovery are fundamental elements needed for the reduction of solid waste disposed in landfills, especially in fast-growing cities where more sustainable management practices need to be adopted. This study investigated the behavioral attitudes of citizens of the capital of Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan (former Astana), towards household solid waste disposal and separation at the source. The survey was conducted through stratified random sampling during April and July of 2018 with the participation of 3281 respondents. It is the first attempt, to our knowledge, of assessing recycling trends in Kazakhstan from the household perspective. The results showed that 24% of respondents were already sorting household solid waste despite the absence of a separation system at the source. The study further demonstrated that separation at source could be effective if the local authorities were to introduce sound public awareness campaigns and install recycling bins in close proximity to residential buildings.

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A Study on the Establishment of Demolition Waste DB System by BIM-Based Building Materials

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.806 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 522-524 ◽

pp. 806-810 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jae Woo Park ◽

Gi Wook Cha ◽

Won Hwa Hong ◽

Hyun Cheol Seo

Keyword(s):

Building Materials ◽

Public Procurement ◽

Construction Material ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Design Tool ◽

Information Modeling ◽

Demolition Waste ◽

Building Information ◽

Item List ◽

Design Construction

Recently, BIM (Building Information Modeling) became mandatory in Korea, and BIM started to be implemented in construction area. It is a design tool for maximizing the efficiency of design, construction, and maintenance throughout the entire lifecycle, but there are not many studies about the demolition wastes (DW) in the demolition stage. This study gathered basic data concerning the development of a database of DW disposed in the demolition stage using BIM-based building material database. For this, a BIM software, ARCHICAD, and construction material categories of the item list system of the PPS (Public Procurement Service) were analyzed to select major building materials. Based on the analysis, the disposal routes were analyzed considering the characteristics of DW. The database of DW was developed by examining the disposal routes of 52 major construction materials selected according to the characteristics of each material during demolition and selecting 7 major DW.

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Environmental and economic advantages of adopting reverse logistics for recycling construction and demolition waste: A case study of Brazilian construction and recycling companies

Waste Management & Research ◽

10.1177/0734242x18816790 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 176-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Geraldo C Oliveira Neto ◽

José MF Correia

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impact ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Reverse Logistics ◽

Waste Treatment ◽

Economic Assessment ◽

Construction And Demolition Waste ◽

Demolition Waste ◽

Construction Companies ◽

Solid Waste Treatment

The aim of this study was to assess the economic and environmental advantages of implementing reverse logistics to recycle solid waste from construction companies. The adopted research method was based on a systematic literature review and two case studies. For the economic assessment, the return on investment, the internal rate of return, and the discounted payback factors were considered, while the material intensity factor was used for the environmental impact assessment. This study shows that there are economic and environmental advantages associated with the use of reverse logistics for solid waste treatment and recycling. In 2016, the purchase of recycled blocks resulted in a profit of over US$45,000 for one company, and another company earned almost US$250,000 in the same year by recycling solid waste from manufacturing blocks and selling iron, wood, paper, and plastics. Furthermore, the environmental impact was reduced. This paper contributes to the dissemination of knowledge regarding the advantages of adopting reverse logistics for recycling construction and demolition waste, and creates new opportunities for companies.

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Using Recycled Aggregates from Construction and Demolition Waste in Unbound Layers of Pavements

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12229386 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (22) ◽

pp. 9386

Author(s):

Sajjad Pourkhorshidi ◽

Cesare Sangiorgi ◽

Daniele Torreggiani ◽

Patrizia Tassinari

Keyword(s):

Construction And Demolition Waste ◽

Recycled Aggregates ◽

Demolition Waste ◽

Rural Roads ◽

Recycled Materials ◽

Natural Resource Conservation ◽

Traffic Loads ◽

Harmful Emissions ◽

Traffic Volumes ◽

Pavement Construction

Pavements are an expensive part of transportation infrastructures, as their construction and maintenance require large amounts of resources and materials every year and all over the world. A sustainable solution for considering environmental concerns about roads and pavements, in general, is utilizing recycled materials for their construction. This has been shown to lower the carbon footprint of the construction sector and to result in natural resource conservation, in reduction of harmful emissions and in minimization of overall costs for pavement construction and maintenance. One of the main groups of recycled materials which has attracted much attention since the end of the last century is construction and demolition waste aggregates (CDW). This paper reviews the completed studies referring to the use of the construction and demolition waste aggregates in unbound layers of pavements and compare the in-hand results from various engineering assessments of these aggregates and mixes. A number of tests and evaluations are applied in order to enhance the required quality and durability of the pavements under given traffic volumes traffic loads and climate actions. Today, unbound recycled aggregates (RA) are mainly used in the lower layers, such as subgrade, capping, sub-base and base, but in rural roads they can be adopted also for bound layers, towards the surface of the structure and may be constituents of bound layers and of novel surfacing applications.

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ESTUDO DE VIABILIDADE ECONÔMICO-FINANCEIRA DA RECICLAGEM DE CONSTITUINTES DE RESÍDUOS DE CONSTRUÇÃO E DEMOLIÇÃO

REEC - Revista Eletrônica de Engenharia Civil ◽

10.5216/reec.v15i2.51991 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 179-191

Author(s):

Felippe Martins Damaceno ◽

Francieli Helena Bernardi ◽

Victor Hugo Stormovski Cesar

Keyword(s):

Net Present Value ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Cash Flows ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Construction And Demolition Waste ◽

Demolition Waste ◽

Cost Benefit Ratio ◽

The Cost ◽

Financial Profitability ◽

Recycled Material

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em avaliar a viabilidade econômico-financeira de empreendimentos de construção e demolição realizarem a reciclagem de fragmentos de concreto e cerâmica. Para tal, foram projetados quatro cenários econômicos considerando construtoras responsáveis pela geração de diferentes quantidades de resíduos de construção e demolição (RCD’s), nos quais foi orçada uma britadeira móvel para a reciclagem do material. Os custos relacionados à aquisição, operação e manutenção da britadeira, foram confrontados em fluxos de caixa, com as receitas provenientes do uso ou venda do material reciclado na forma de brita n° 0, bem como da economia com caçambas de entulhos. Posteriormente, a rentabilidade dos projetos foi avaliada mediante o fator de recuperação do capital, o valor presente líquido e a taxa interna de retorno. Quanto maior a produção de RCD’s, maior também é a relação custo-benefício da aquisição da britadeira e, em função da maior quantidade de brita n° 0 reciclada (passível de ser utilizada na produção de contrapiso ou comercializada) e da maior economia com caçamba de entulhos, maiores são as receitas adquiridas, menor é o período de retorno do capital investido e maior é a rentabilidade financeira dos cenários projetados. A reciclagem de RCD’s além de proporcionar benefícios ambientais, pode ser um investimento financeiramente atrativo. ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to evaluate the economic and financial feasibility of construction and demolition projects to carry out the recycling of concrete and ceramic fragments. For this, four economic scenarios were designed considering constructors responsible for the generation of different amounts of construction and demolition waste (RCD's), in which a mobile squeegee was used to recycle the material. The costs related to the acquisition, operation and maintenance of the crushing machine were compared to cash flows, with revenues from the use or sale of recycled material in the form of gravel No. 0, as well as the economy with litter bins. Subsequently, the profitability of the projects was evaluated by the capital recovery factor, the net present value and the internal rate of return. The higher the production of RCD’s, the greater the cost-benefit ratio of the purchase of the crushing machine and, due to the greater quantity of recycled crushed stone (which can be used in the production of sub-floor or commercialized) and the largest economy with a bucket of debris, the higher are the revenues acquired, the lower the return period of invested capital and the greater the financial profitability of the projected scenarios. Recycling RCD’s in addition to providing environmental benefits can be a financially attractive investment.

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A Comprehensive Summary of Available Legislation and Practices in Demolition and Construction & Demolition Waste Management in the Arctic Region

Nordic Concrete Research ◽

10.2478/ncr-2021-0009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 145-162

Author(s):

Iveta Nováková ◽

Tatiana Drozdyuk ◽

Katja Ohenoja ◽

Arcady Ayzenshtadt ◽

Bård Arntsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impact ◽

Waste Management ◽

Building Materials ◽

Construction And Demolition Waste ◽

The Arctic ◽

The European Union ◽

Demolition Waste ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Good Practices ◽

Management Protocol

Abstract The need for better natural resource use is currently increasingly recognised, and high emphasis is given to the circularity of building materials and the reduction of activities with negative environmental impact. Legislation, guidelines, and other documentation play an important role in improving demolition activities and construction and demolition waste (CDW) management. Good practices in CDW handling is not achievable without knowledge about CDW recovery techniques described in guidelines and other documents. Demolition activities in arctic regions could be more challenging due to harsh climate conditions, and therefore the cooperation between Russia, Norway and Finland was established to boost the uptake of good practices in demolition activities and CDW management. The main subject of this article is an overview of presently used demolition practices, CDW management, and verification of areas where practices with lower environmental impact and increase of material circularity could be utilised. Two fundamental documents, namely “EU Construction & Demolition Waste Management Protocol” and “Guidelines for the waste audits before demolition and renovation works of buildings” [1, 2], were published by the European Union (EU) in 2019 and serve as a foundation for changes in demolition activities and CDW management in EU and adventitiously also in the Russian Federation and Norway.

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