Crushed Bricks: Demolition Waste as a Sustainable Raw Material for Geopolymers

Demolition activity plays an important role in the total energy consumption of the construction industry in the European Union. The indiscriminate use of non-renewable raw materials, energy consumption, and unsustainable design has led to a redefinition of the criteria to ensure environmental protection. This article introduces an experimental plan that determines the viability of a new type of construction material, obtained from crushed brick waste, to be introduced into the construction market. The potential of crushed brick waste as a raw material in the production of building precast products, obtained by curing a geopolymeric blend at 60 °C for 3 days, has been exploited. Geopolymers represent an important alternative in reducing emissions and energy consumption, whilst, at the same time, achieving a considerable mechanical performance. The results obtained from this study show that the geopolymers produced from crushed brick were characterized by good properties in terms of open porosity, water absorption, mechanical strength, and surface resistance values when compared to building materials produced using traditional technologies.

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The Energy Impact of Building Materials in Residential Buildings in Turkey

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14112793 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 2793

Author(s):

Pınar Usta ◽

Başak Zengin

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Building Materials ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Energy Requirement ◽

Construction Material ◽

Insulation Material ◽

Total Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Impact ◽

Consumption Rates ◽

New Buildings

In Turkey, heat loss from existing and new buildings constitutes a large part of energy waste, so usage of suitable construction material is quite important. The building selected in this study was analyzed by applying different building materials considering the annual energy consumption allowed, and according to the different heat zones and different thicknesses of insulation material in relation to demand. The most suitable building material in terms of energy and cost uptake and cost given to the regions was determined; the results were measured in the study in terms of the maximum allowable annual heating energy requirement and the optimum values were determined. Comparison of the optimum values and the total energy consumption rates was conducted for the analyzed cities.

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Study of the possibilities to reuse construction and demolition waste

SIMI 2019, Abstract Book - International Symposium "The Environmental and The Industry" ◽

10.21698/simi.2019.fp32 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 246-252 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Denitsa Hvarchilkova ◽

Margarita Filipova ◽

Ivanka Zheleva

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Building Materials ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Road Construction ◽

Waste Recycling ◽

Construction And Demolition Waste ◽

The European Union ◽

Demolition Waste ◽

Construction Waste ◽

Outdoor Sports

For environment protection in the European Union (EU) it is very important the construction waste to be recycled and reused. The potential for the construction waste recycling and reuse is high, as their components have high cost. There is an opportunity for re-use of such materials in road construction, for drainage systems, for outdoor sports grounds and other construction sites. In 2012 a regulation on the management of construction waste and on the use of recycled building materials was adopted in Bulgaria, aiming to introduce a new model for the management of construction waste. This would guarantee: creation of favorable legislative and economic conditions for implementation of technologies ensuring the achievement of recycling and recovery targets but which are also financially viable in line with the country's incomes; identifying the persons responsible for covering the costs of building waste management and achieving the recycling and recovery targets; creating conditions for the production and marketing of materials from recycling of construction waste at a price that is competitive with the same new raw materials used in construction. The main effect expected from this normative document is to contribute to Bulgaria's development towards European trends, environmental protection through an integrated framework for the management of construction and demolition waste that will reduce the harmful impacts on it caused by construction waste, improving the efficiency of resource use, increasing the responsibilities of pollutants and stimulating investment in waste management.

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Fire-resistant cellulose boards from waste newspaper, boric acid salts and protein binders

10.21203/rs.3.rs-195149/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Paalo Moreno ◽

Nicole Villamizar ◽

Jefferson Perez ◽

Angelica Bayona ◽

Jesús Roman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flexural Strength ◽

Boric Acid ◽

Building Materials ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Construction Material ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Sustainable Construction ◽

Load Bearing ◽

Protein Binders

Abstract Housing construction consumes more materials than any other economic activity, with a total of 40.6 Gt/year. Boards are placed between construction materials to serve as non-load-bearing partitions. Studies have been performed to find alternatives to conventional materials using recycled fibers, agro-industrial waste, and protein binders as raw materials. Here, fire-resistant cellulose boards with low density and adequate flexural strength were produced for use as non-load-bearing partitions using waste newspapers, soy protein, boric acid, and borax. A central composite design (CCD) was employed to study the influence of the board component percentage on flame retardancy (UL 94 horizontal burning test), density (ASTM D1037-12) and flexural strength (ISO 178–2010). The cellulose boards were characterized by thermal analysis (ASTM E1131-14) and scanning electron microscopy. Fire-resistant cellulose boards were successfully made with low densities (120–170 kg/m3) and flexural strength (0.06–0.64 MPa). The mechanical performance and fire resistance of cellulose boards suggest their suitability for use as building materials. A useful and sustainable construction material with great potential is produced with the valorization of waste materials.

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Assessing the Energy Efficiency Potential of Recycled Materials with Construction and Demolition Waste: A Spanish Case Study

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11177809 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (17) ◽

pp. 7809

Author(s):

César Porras-Amores ◽

Patricia Martin Garcia ◽

Paola Villoria Sáez ◽

Mercedes del Rio Merino ◽

Veronica Vitielo

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Research Work ◽

Construction And Demolition Waste ◽

The European Union ◽

Demolition Waste ◽

Recycled Materials ◽

Energy Efficiency Potential

Buildings are responsible for 40% of the overall final energy consumption in the European Union. On the other hand, the construction, energy, and industry sectors generate around 50% of the waste produced in Europe, out of which a third part is construction and demolition waste (CDW). In recent years, many research works have been carried out to analyze the viability of incorporating waste, especially CDW, as a substitute for traditional raw materials with great environmental impact. However, most of the studies found cover only the mechanical characterization of the compound, and there are very few that analyze these materials in specific building applications. This research work evaluates the energy efficiency potential of recycled materials with CDW. After an exhaustive analysis of the main existing recycled materials, an energetic evaluation of several construction solutions is carried out, as well as a comparison with traditional solutions. The findings show that the incorporation of recycled materials in several building construction elements is a success, since it not only reduces the consumption of raw materials, but also reduces the energy consumption of the building. Energy savings using recycled materials can range from 8% in a warm region (such as Seville) up to 13% in cold regions (such as Soria), which are greater in heating than in cooling.

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Valorization of Building Retrofitting Waste as Alternative Materials in Gypsums

The Open Construction and Building Technology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874836801711010334 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 334-342

Author(s):

Mercedes Del Río Merino ◽

Jaime Santa Cruz Astorqui ◽

Paola Villoria Sáez ◽

Carmen Viñas Arrebola ◽

Antonio Rodríguez Sánchez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Environmental Impact ◽

Building Materials ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

New Materials ◽

Demolition Waste ◽

Alternative Materials ◽

The University

Introduction:The lack of treatment of construction demolition waste (CDW) is a problem that must be solved immediately. It is estimated that the unused CDW generates an increase in the use of new materials close to 20% of the total materials consumed worldwide. Because of that, the use of CDW in building materials is an interesting alternative to guarantee their application. In the last years, many research works are being carried out in order to analyze the viability of using CDW as a substitute for the traditional raw materials that cause high environmental impact.However, much remains to be done, because these works generally characterize materials but not specific applications that allow the agents of construction to provide assurance required by the projects.Aim:The research group TEMA from the School of Building Construction (UPM) is working on this topic with the University of Seville, University of Burgos and the University of Zaragoza, developing a research project called "Waste to resources (W2R)". The main goal of the project is to develop new materials, elements and construction systems, manufactured with CDW generated in building retrofitting works, to be used in improving the energy efficiency of buildings.Results:In this article, some of the results of the W2R project are presented, namely the identification, quantification and characterization of the types of waste generated in renovation works to improve the energy efficiency of buildings and their possible applications as fillers in plasters to improve the performance of the original materials with a significant reduction in raw material, and thus reduce the environmental impact.Conclusions:Concrete and ceramics are the most commonly generated waste categories in building rehabilitation works to improve the energy efficiency of the buildings. These waste categories are generated during the preparation of the surface prior to the execution of the works. Also, mixed waste from insulation materials can be highlighted due to its volume.

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Industrial and natural waste transformed into raw material

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part L Journal of Materials Design and Applications ◽

10.1177/1464420716677087 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 231 (1-2) ◽

pp. 247-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C Costa ◽

M Monteiro ◽

B Rangel ◽

FJL Alves

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Fine Arts ◽

Research Work ◽

Raw Material ◽

Industrialized Countries ◽

The European Union ◽

Human Beings ◽

Master Program ◽

Recycle And Reuse

Currently, we live in a world where the materials are the protagonists. Raw materials are fundamental to make industrial products; however, the increasing demand for these finite natural resources put the more industrialized countries under pressure to find ways to recycle and reuse the products at the end of their lives. Every year, tons of industrial and natural waste are accumulated and destroyed without a new use for them. Today, the energy consumption at the world level to extract raw materials contributes significantly to pollution and environmental degradation. In the European Union, the construction sector is responsible for 40% of global energy consumption, contributing considerably to CO2 emissions. The planet’s future is compromised, unless the human beings learn how to preserve and conserve resources that Earth offers, changing the basic patterns of consumption, manufacturing and recycling. Sofa industries and wood industries generate significant amounts of waste that undergo a thoughtless destruction or recycling with a final order to reuse. This paper presents the research work that has been conducted in the scope of the Master Program in Product and Industrial Design of Faculty of Engineering, Faculty of Fine Arts and Design Studio FEUP, seeking the reuse of leftovers (textile and wood powder), to create innovative products. The main objective is to prepare the waste that is mixed with different amounts and types of binders, and cast in molds. In some cases, the introduction of a shape memory alloy can promote an extra value and functionality to the designed products. This way the aim is to sensitize the community to the possibility of introducing new products in the market addressing concepts such as green design, sustainability and innovation.

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High strength glass-ceramics sintered with coal gangue аs а raw material

Science of Sintering ◽

10.2298/sos1903285w ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 285-294

Author(s):

Dang Wei ◽

H.-Y. He

Keyword(s):

Building Materials ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Glass Ceramics ◽

High Strength ◽

Coal Gangue ◽

Raw Material ◽

Sintering Process ◽

Forming Process ◽

Sintered Glass ◽

Utilization Ratio

High strength lightweight glass-ceramics were fabricated with coal gangue and clay as main raw materials. The utilization ratio of coal gangue, the ratio of the coal gangue with clay, mineralization agents, forming process and sintering process on the properties of the fabricated glass-ceramics were optimized. The utilization ratio of coal gangue reached 75, and the ratio of coal gangue to clay was 3/1, as an optimal property was observed. The optimal sintering temperature was found to be 1370?C. At this optimal temperature, the sintered glass-ceramics showed the main phase of mullite and spindle and so showed high strength, low density, and low water absorbance. The appropriate amounts of codoping of the TiO2, ZnO, and MnO2/dolomite as mineralization agents obviously enhanced the properties of the glass-ceramics. Process optimizations further determined reasonable and optimal process parameters. The high strength lightweight glass-ceramics fabricated in this work may be very suitable for various applications including building materials, cooking ceramics, and proppant materials, et al.

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Processes of heat and mass transfer during drying of red beetroot

Energy Engineering and Control Systems ◽

10.23939/jeecs2020.02.081 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 81-87

Author(s):

Zhanna Petrova ◽

◽

Kateryna Samoilenko ◽

Vitaly Vishnevsky

Keyword(s):

Mass Transfer ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Heat And Mass Transfer ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Calculation Model ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Raw Material ◽

Drying Process

Red beetroot is the main raw material which has a high content of betanine with antioxidant properties. An important emphasis in the processing of antioxidant raw materials by drying is to reduce energy consumption for the dehydration process, the maximum preservation of biologically active substances, and to reduce the cost of the final product. Drying is a complex and energy-intensive process. Therefore, to optimize energy consumption during drying and selection of rational modes of dehydration, it is necessary to apply the calculated analysis of heat and mass transfer on the basis of adequate mathematical models. Calculated and experimental results are compared. In general, the comparison of the results of numerical modeling of convection drying processes of the red beetroot sample with the experimental results showed their rather satisfactory qualitative agreement. The calculation model can be used to approximate the characteristics of the drying process of red beetroot, in particular the time required for drying. The obtained results of calorimetric studies allow stating that with correctly selected compositions, not only the components of native raw materials are stabilized, but also the drying process is intensified with the reduction of energy consumption to process.

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Measured and Calculated Energy Saving on Ventilation of a Residential Building equipped with Ground-Air Heat Exchanger

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/201911106074 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 111 ◽

pp. 06074

Author(s):

Silviana Brata ◽

Cristina Tanasa ◽

Valeriu Stoian ◽

Dan Stoian ◽

Daniel Dan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Heat Exchanger ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Residential Building ◽

The European Union ◽

Climate Data ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Total Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Efficient Building

The significant share of energy consumption of the building sector in the total energy consumption makes it responsible for 36% of CO2 emission in the European Union. In the last decade a key objective of the EU is to improve the energy efficiency and increase the use of renewables in buildings. Ground-to-air heat exchangers can be a solution for reducing primary energy consumption from nonrenewable sources in buildings and contribute to the share of energy from renewable sources. The research in this paper deals with investigations on a ground to air heat exchanger of a pilot energy efficient building, constructed in west side of Romania. The study presents the assessment of the heating and cooling energy potential of the ground-to-air heat exchanger serving the energy efficient building. Three full years of measurements of the air temperature entering the ground-air heat exchanger and the outlet air temperature are available and were used in the study. A comparison is made between the energy potential determined based on temperature measurements and the energy potential based on calculated outlet temperatures using a computational model and conventional climate data for the building location.

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Ceramic Composition Material with Mullite Crystals Obtained from the Clayy Raw Material of Yakutia

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.992.253 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 992 ◽

pp. 253-258

Author(s):

M.P. Lebedev ◽

V.N. Tagrov ◽

E.S. Lukin

Keyword(s):

Building Materials ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Practical Interest ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Ceramic Materials ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Raw Material ◽

Composition Material ◽

Material Base ◽

Wide Range

The article deals with the manufacture of modern structural ceramic materials from clay and loam deposits of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The importance and relevance of the development of the production of building materials from local raw materials is emphasized, since this will certainly affect the effectiveness of the construction complex as a whole. The successful development of the construction complex is capable of not only stimulating growth in all sectors of the economy, but also contributes to solving the most pressing social problems. Today, Yakutia has huge reserves of mineral raw materials for the production of a wide range of building materials and products. Of practical interest are wall materials made from clay soils. Given the features of the region’s raw material base, this work focuses on additional processing of traditional material. Controlling the complex physicochemical and structural-mechanical transformations that occur during heat treatment, a methodology has been developed for creating a composite material that will allow competitive innovative materials with enhanced strength properties to be produced with a reinforcing element with a glassy phase matrix of mullite crystals. The fabricated samples have a wide range of physical and mechanical properties and allow using it as a high-quality structural building ceramics, as well as industrial floor technical tile.

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