Use of Waste Wood for Particleboard Production

In parallel with the growing demand for lumber, there has been an increase in the amount of waste generated by this industry, such as chips, shavings, and sawdust as the main waste. Such wastes are disposed in unsuitable locations or burned for energy generation. The present study aimed to evaluate the use of sawdust for particleboard manufacturing. The particleboard were produced with Pinus oocarpa wood and 11% urea-formaldehyde adhesive, with a nominal density of 0.70 g/cm3 and a pressing cycle of 160°C temperature, specific pressure of 3.92 MPa, and a operation time of 8 min. The panels were evaluated for the properties such as apparent density, thickness swelling after 24-h immersion in water, Janka hardness, screw pullout (top and face), compression ratio, internal bond, according ASTM D1037 (2006) standard and modulus of elasticity (MOE), and modulus of rupture (MOR) to static bending acordingo DIN 52362 (1982) standard. The panels produced with sawdust of P. oocarpa wood met all the requirements stipulated by the marketing standard, demonstrating great potential for use in particleboard manufacturing.

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PRODUCTION OF PARTICLEBOARD FROM DISCARDED FURNITURE1

Revista Árvore ◽

10.1590/1806-90882017000400007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Esoline Helena Cavalli Zamarian ◽

Setsuo Iwakiri ◽

Rosilani Trianoski ◽

Carlos Eduardo Camargo de Albuquerque

Keyword(s):

Internal Bond ◽

Urea Formaldehyde ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Formaldehyde Resin ◽

Specific Pressure ◽

Waste Wood ◽

Pressing Time ◽

Nominal Density ◽

A Company

ABSTRACT This research aims to evaluate the quality of particleboard produced with particles generated from discarded furniture, both in its pure form or mixed with industrial particles of Pinus. The material was collected in the region of Curitiba City (Paraná) in the form of chips processed in an industrial chipper of a company specialized in waste wood recycling. The experimental plan consisted in producing panels with 10%, 25%, 50% and 75% of particles obtained from discarded furniture mixed with particles of Pinus, and panels with 100% of such materials. Panels were produced with nominal density of 0,70 g/cm3, using the urea-formaldehyde resin in a proportion of 10% solids - dry basis weight of the particles and 1% paraffin emulsion. The panels were pressed with a specific pressure of 4,0 MPa, temperature of 140ºC and pressing time of 10 minutes. The results of internal bond met the requirements of the standard EN 312, which indicates that there was an adequate bonding of these particles obtained from discarded furniture. The results of physical and mechanical properties of the panels demonstrated the feasibility of using particles from discarded furniture when producing particleboard, with the possibility of full use of these particles from waste without mixing it with industrial particles of Pinus free from contamination.

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Eucalyptus wood and coffee parchment for particleboard production: Physical and mechanical properties

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/1413-70542017412038616 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 139-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Mário Vanoli Scatolino ◽

Andrey de Oliveira Costa ◽

José Benedito Guimarães Júnior ◽

Thiago de Paula Protásio ◽

Rafael Farinassi Mendes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Urea Formaldehyde ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

Renewable Materials ◽

Wood Panel ◽

Eucalyptus Wood ◽

Pressing Cycle

ABSTRACT The wood panel industry is constantly growing, being necessary the innovation in technologies and raw materials to improve the quality of the final product. Considering the shortage and pressure to decrease the dependence of wood, there is an interest in other renewable materials such as agricultural wastes. Among these wastes, coffee parchment is one which deserves notoriety. An alternative use for coffee parchment could be for production of particleboard in association with wood particles. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using coffee parchment for production of particleboard. The following percentages of wastes were used: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% in association to eucalyptus wood. The panels were produced with 8% of urea formaldehyde (based on dry weight of particles). The pressing cycle consisted by: pre-pressing of 0.5 MPa for 10 minutes followed by pressing of 4.0 MPa, and temperature of 160° C for 15 minutes. The compaction ratio of particleboards produced using higher quantities of parchment improved the physical properties. The properties of Water Absorption (2 and 24 h) and Thickness Swelling (2 h) decreased with increasing percentage of coffee parchment. The Thickness Swelling (24 h) showed not significant effect with an increase of coffee waste. The Modulus of Elasticity for coffee parchment particleboards was in the range 646.49 ± 112.65 to 402.03 ± 66.24 MPa, while the Modulus of Rupture ranged from 8.18 ± 1.39 to 4.45 ± 0.75 MPa. The results showed that 10% of coffee parchment could be added for production of particleboards.

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Effect of Association of Sugarcane Bagasse with Eucalyptus Wood on the Quality of Particleboard

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.668.341 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 668 ◽

pp. 341-347

Author(s):

Camila Láis Farrapo ◽

Rafael Farinassi Mendes ◽

Danillo Wisky Silva ◽

Lourival Marin Mendes ◽

José Roberto Soares Scolforo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

Urea Formaldehyde ◽

Operation Time ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Planted Forests ◽

Eucalyptus Wood ◽

Pressing Cycle ◽

Nominal Density

Particleboard industries, which are progressively increasing in number, consume a significant amount of wood from planted forests, mainly from the Pinus and Eucalyptus genera. However, these panels can be produced from any lignocellulosic material that provides high mechanical strength and good physical characteristics. Accordingly, the waste generated by the Brazilian agribusiness industry is an alternative resource for manufacturing particleboards. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of the combination of sugarcane bagasse and eucalyptus wood on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboards. The panels were produced with sugarcane bagasse in the proportion of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% supplemented with E. urophylla. The panels were produced with 9% urea-formaldehyde adhesive, nominal density of 0.70 g/cm3, and with the pressing cycle of 160°C temperature, specific pressure of 3.92 MPa, and operation time of 8 min. The significance of the proportion of sugarcane bagasse on all physical and mechanical properties was evaluated. The panels with the combination of wood with sugarcane bagasse showed the lowest values in the physical properties and the highest values in the mechanical properties. Only panels prepared with 25% and 50% sugarcane bagasse met all the requirements of the marketing standards.

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Particleboard Produced with Sawmill Waste of Different Wood Species

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.884-885.689 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 884-885 ◽

pp. 689-693 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Luciane Simal Alves ◽

Sérgio Augusto Mello da Silva ◽

Maximiliano dos Anjos Azambuja ◽

Luciano Donizeti Varanda ◽

Andre Luis Christofóro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Wood Species ◽

Castor Oil ◽

Urea Formaldehyde ◽

Specific Pressure ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

Pressing Temperature ◽

Pressing Time ◽

Polyurethane Resin ◽

Nominal Density

This study aimed to investigate physical performance of particleboards produced with waste from sawmills, containing different wood species, and two adhesives: urea-formaldehyde (UF) based resin and castor-oil (PU) based bi-component polyurethane resin. Panels were produced with nominal density 0.8gcm-3; pressing temperature 110°C; pressing time 10 min; specific pressure 5 MPa. Water absorption (2 and 24h); thickness swelling (2 and 24h); density; and moisture content were investigated. Results confirmed that the produced panels presented compatible physical properties in comparison with other researches referred in literature, proving the feasibility of inputs employed. Panels produced PU showed better performance than those produced with UF.

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Potential of Brewer’s Spent Grain as a Potential Replacement of Wood in pMDI, UF or MUF Bonded Particleboard

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13030319 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 319

Author(s):

Marius Cătălin Barbu ◽

Zeno Montecuccoli ◽

Jakob Förg ◽

Ulrike Barbeck ◽

Petr Klímek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Internal Bond ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Urea Formaldehyde ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Brewer’S Spent Grain ◽

Beer Brewing ◽

Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽

Dry Conditions ◽

Spent Grain

Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) is the richest by-product (85%) of the beer-brewing industry, that can be upcycled in a plentiful of applications, from animal feed, bioethanol production or for removal of heavy metals from wastewater. The aim of this research is to investigate the mechanical, physical and structural properties of particleboard manufactured with a mixture of wood particles and BSG gradually added/replacement in 10%, 30% and 50%, glued with polymeric diisocyanate (pMDI), urea-formaldehyde (UF) and melamine urea-formaldehyde (MUF) adhesives. The density, internal bond, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, screw withdrawal resistance, thickness swelling and water absorption were tested. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy anaylsis was carried out to analyze the structure of the panels after the internal bond test. Overall, it was shown that the adding of BSG decreases the mechanical performance of particleboard, due to reduction of the bonding between wood and BSG particles. This decrease has been associated with the structural differences proven by SEM inspection. Interaction of particles with the adhesive is different for boards containing BSG compared to those made from wood. Nevertheless, decrease in the mechanical properties was not critical for particleboards produced with 10% BSG which could be potentially classified as a P2 type, this means application in non-load-bearing panel for interior use in dry conditions, with high dimensional stability and stiffness.

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Processing parameters optimization of cotton stalk (Gossypium hirsutum L.) particleboards with emulsifiable polymeric isocyanate adhesive

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.16.2.4149-4170 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 4149-4170

Author(s):

Thanh Tung Nguyen ◽

Adam Redman ◽

William Leggate ◽

Luigi-j Vandi ◽

Henri Bailleres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Internal Bond ◽

Fine Particles ◽

Processing Parameters ◽

Parameters Optimization ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Cotton Stalk ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

Surface Particle ◽

Polymeric Isocyanate

The compaction behavior of cotton stalk particle mats, temperature profile inside the particle mats, and influence of surface particle size were studied relative to the properties of three-layered cotton stalk particleboards. Modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bond, and thickness swelling were used as a measure for mechanical and physical performance. Two types of cotton stalk particleboard were manufactured. Results indicated that compression stiffness of the particle mat increased with increasing particle size; however, it decreased with increasing mat moisture content and temperature. At mat moisture contents of 12% and 18%, the plateau temperature at the centerline was not significantly different between boards having coarse and fine particles. However, the plateau time of boards with coarse particles was significantly lower than that of boards with fine particles. Additionally, thickness swelling of boards with a surface particle size of 2 mm was significantly lower than that of boards with surface particle size of 4 mm. Boards with a surface particle size of 2 mm had MOR and MOE values 15% and 10% higher, respectively, than boards with surface particle size of 4 mm. Internal bond decreased 6.5% with decreasing surface particle size from 4 mm to 2 mm.

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Analysis of the influence of larch fibers and particles on selected properties of fiber- and particleboards

Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0014.6651 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 111 ◽

pp. 43-52

Author(s):

Bartłomiej Pazio ◽

Piotr Boruszewski

Keyword(s):

Cross Section ◽

Density Profile ◽

Internal Bond ◽

The Other ◽

Raw Material ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

European Larch ◽

Pine Wood ◽

Larch Wood

Analysis of the influence of larch fibers and particles on selected properties of fiber- and particleboards. The paper presents the results of the research on the effect of the addition of fibers and particles obtained from European larch wood (Larix decidua Mill) from plantations on selected properties of fiber- and particleboards in comparison to the boards of the same structure based on typical industrial raw material (pine wood) uses by European wood based panels industry. The differences were shown in the tests, i.e.: modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity in static bending (MOE), internal bond (IB), thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours soaking in water and density profile. In the MOR and MOE tests, larch boards with a minimum 50% fiber share were characterized by comparable values of the properties determined to pine boards, while in the other variants, boards made of pine wood had better properties. In most cases, the larch boards were characterized by significantly lower values of swelling by thickness (with the exception of boards made of fibers) than boards made of wood from forest cultivation. The density profile of the boards on the cross-section of the plantation raw material did not differ from the boards made of pine raw material.

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Properties of Wood Particleboards Containing Giant Reed (Arundo donax L.) Particles

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su122410469 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (24) ◽

pp. 10469

Author(s):

Manuel Ferrandez-Villena ◽

Antonio Ferrandez-Garcia ◽

Teresa Garcia-Ortuño ◽

Clara Eugenia Ferrandez-Garcia ◽

Maria Teresa Ferrandez Garcia

Keyword(s):

Construction Material ◽

Urea Formaldehyde ◽

Renewable Resource ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Giant Reed ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

Industrial Manufacturing ◽

Environmental Treatment ◽

Arundo Donax L

Agriculture is responsible for generating large amounts of waste that are not adequately managed in terms of their environmental treatment and economic administration. This work uses giant reed, which was traditionally used as a construction material in eastern areas of Spain. Nowadays, it is no longer used, which has led to its rapid, autonomous, uncontrolled proliferation on river banks, making it a serious environmental hazard because this plant causes significant blockages of bridges and other infrastructure when uprooted by the strong currents that occur as rivers flood. The aim of this work is to develop wood and giant reed particleboards, which help to counter the high dependence on wood in industrial manufacturing by using an easily renewable resource. It will thereby be possible to achieve two general objectives: controlling the growth of a weed and obtaining a product (particleboards) from a waste material. Particleboards containing 9% urea formaldehyde composed of different proportions of sawmill wood and giant reed (0, 50, 70 and 100%) have been manufactured by applying two different pressures (2.1 and 2.6 MPa) and a temperature of 120 °C for 4 min in a hot plate press. Density, thickness swelling (TS) and water absorption (WA) after immersion in water, modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bonding strength (IB) and screw holding strength (SH) have been tested according to european norms (EN) for wood boards. With the addition of 70% reed particles, the density, MOR and TS decrease and the MOE, IB and SH increase; therefore, adding giant reed particles to wood boards can improve their properties, bringing about considerable industrial and environmental benefits.

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THERMAL STABILITY OF Pinus oocarpa AND MAIZE COB PARTICLEBOARDS

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/s1413-70542015000400005 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 348-354 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mário Vanoli Scatolino ◽

Thiago de Paula Protásio ◽

Rafael Farinassi Mendes ◽

Lourival Marin Mendes

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Urea Formaldehyde ◽

Curve Analysis ◽

Raw Material ◽

Waste Materials ◽

Pressing Cycle ◽

Pinus Oocarpa ◽

Maize Cob ◽

Thermal Stability Of

Agricultural waste materials are generated in large quantities in Brazil. These can accumulate and cause serious environmental problems. One of the most commonly generated wastes in the brazilian agricultural culture is the maize cob. Being lignocellulosic in nature, the maize cob can find use as the raw material in the production of particleboards mainly concerned with furniture making. Therefore, studies regarding its thermal stability and fire resistance would be interesting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the combustibility and thermal stability of the particleboards produced from maize cob and Pinus oocarpa wood. The percentages in which maize cob was associated with Pinus oocarpa were 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. The panels were produced using 8% urea-formaldehyde and 1% paraffin. The pressing cycle parameters included: temperature 150 °C, pressure of 3.92 MPa during 10 min. The combustibility curve analysis showed that the panels containing 25% content of maize cob had higher resistance to combustion. In general, the thermal stability decreased as the wood substitution by maize cob increased.

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Thermomechanical (TMP) and Chemo-Thermomechanical Pulps (CTMP) for Medium Density Fibreboards (MDF)

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf.2001.035 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 214-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Edmone Roffael ◽

Brigitte Dix ◽

Thomas Schneider

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Internal Bond ◽

Urea Formaldehyde ◽

Medium Density ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Pilot Plant Scale ◽

Drying Conditions ◽

Internal Bonding Strength

Summary Thermomechanical (TMP) and chemo-thermomechanical pulps (CTMP) were prepared from spruce under different pulping conditions. The fibres were dried at 70 °C and medium density fibreboards (MDF) were made therefrom in pilot plant scale using urea-formaldehyde resins as a binder. The results of testing the physical-mechanical properties reveal that the pulping temperature has a significant influence on the thickness swelling and water absorption of the boards. MDF prepared from fibres produced at high pulping temperature (180 °C) generally show lower thickness swelling and water absorption than MDF made from fibres produced at low pulping temperature (140°C and 160 °C). However, high pulping temperature may have a negative effect on the internal bond strength of the boards. In general, CTMP leads to MDF with higher internal bonding strength compared to those derived from TMP. In addition, the influence of different drying conditions (150 °C and 170 °C) of TMP and CTMP on the physical-mechanical properties of MDF was assessed. MDF made from CTMP showed lower thickness swelling when dried under high temperature.

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