Effect of Cross-Linker Concentration on the Synthesis and Swelling Behaviour of Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP) Using Graft Polymerization Techniques

2016 ◽  
Vol 719 ◽  
pp. 62-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norlirabiatuladawiyah Che Ani ◽  
Saidatul Shima Jamari ◽  
Wan Siti Nadiah Wan Yaacob
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Graft Polymerization ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Water Absorbency ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymers ◽  
Cross Linker

The graft polymerization of acrylic acid by varying the amount of cross-linker in ranging of 0.001 g to 0.05 g was investigated. The effect of cross-linker in synthesized superabsorbent polymers (SAP) was identified in terms of water absorbency responses by keeping the values of monomer and initiator. The implementation of SAP in agriculture could develop plant growth, enhancing water retention capacity in soils which can reducing dewatering system and improved the efficiency of soil condition so higher yield of product can be obtained particularly in arid regions. The SAPs were synthesized by graft polymerization using acrylic acid (AA) as monomer, N,N’-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as cross-linker and ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator. The optimum water absorbency of synthesize SAP was defined using tea-bag method in deionize water. The structures of synthesize SAP was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and morphologies of synthesize SAP was examined by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) testing. From the result, it was obvious showed that water absorbency will decreased as the increased of concentration of cross-linker which is MBA in synthesize SAP. The best value content of MBA was 0.01 g which achieved the highest water absorbency response which is 170 g water/g sample. In conclusion, SAP has hydrophilic structure of which renders them capable for holding a large amount of water which can help to retain nutrients and absorb water in soil with various applications for plant growth and soil condition which will be useful especially in agriculture field.

Preparation and Characterization of Kenaf-Based Superabsorbent Polymers

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 1812-1816
Author(s):  
Dan Wang ◽  
Zhan Qian Song ◽  
Shi Bin Shang ◽  
Zhan Jun Wang ◽  
Myoung Ku Lee
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymers ◽  
Saline Solutions

Novel kenaf-based superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) were prepared by grafting acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) onto kenaf cellulose. Graft copolymerization was carried out in aqueous solution using N, N’-methylenebisacrylamide (NMBA) as crosslinking agent and sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3) and ammonium persulfate ((NH4)2S2O8) as initiator. The SAPs so obtained were examined by SEM. The absorbency of SAPs consists of different kenaf cellulose in deionized water, saline solutions and different pH value solutions were investigated.

scholarly journals Study on superabsorbent composites XVII. Preparation and characterization of poly(acrylic acid)/attapulgite/Namontmorillonite superabsorbent composites

e-Polymers ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junping Zhang ◽  
Kun Zhang ◽  
Aiqin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Crystalline Structure ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Water Absorbency ◽  
Superabsorbent Composite ◽  
Superabsorbent Composites

AbstractA novel superabsorbent composite simultaneously incorporated with both attapulgite and Na-montmorillonite was prepared by aqueous polymerization using N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker and ammonium persulfate as an initiator. The effects of the clay content on swelling ability of the superabsorbent composite were investigated. The superabsorbent composite were characterized by IR, XRD and SEM. The results indicate that Na-montmorillonite was exfoliated in the composite, whereas, attapulgite kept its crystalline structure. The content of clay has great influence on surface morphology and water absorbency of the superabsorbent composite, and the collaborative effect of attapulgite and Namontmorillonite on swelling ability is superior to that of single one.

scholarly journals Substrates and irrigation levels for growing desert rose in pots

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronan Carlos Colombo ◽  
Vanessa Favetta ◽  
Marcelo Augusto Aguiar e Silva ◽  
Ricardo Tadeu de Faria
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
Irrigation Levels

ABSTRACT In the past decades, desert rose has become a very popular ornamental plant, especially among collectors, due to its exotic and sculptural forms. However, it has been grown on a commercial scale only recently, and little is known about how to best manage it as a container-grown plant, or even which potting medium (substrate) to recommend. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the interactions between potting media and irrigation levels for growing desert rose as a potted ornamental plant. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using a 6 x 2 factorial arrangement with six replications, six potting media and two irrigation levels. The mixes were characterized by measuring their physical properties, specifically the density and water retention capacity (WRC), as well as chemical properties, such as the pH and electrical conductivity (EC). After 210 days, plant growth and plant water consumption were evaluated and measured. A lower dry density for the vermiculite mixes was observed in comparison to that for the sand mixes. However, WRC ranged from 428 to 528 mL L-1 among the mixes, values considered close to ideal. In general, plant growth exhibited higher increases in mixes consisting of coconut fiber + sand or vermiculite, regardless of the irrigation level. Mixes of vermiculite + coconut fiber and sand + coconut fiber can be used to grow desert rose in pots, as long as irrigation is used to maintain the moisture content of the potting medium (mix) between 60-70% and 80-90% of the WRC.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Biodegradable Aloevera-acrylic Acid Based Hydrogel With Enhanced Water Retention Capacity and Its Impact on Agriculture 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
suruchi sharma ◽  
Vaneet Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Vinyl Monomer ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Soil Burial ◽  
Natural Polysaccharide ◽  
Biodegradable Hydrogel ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract The present work deals with the synthesis of biodegradable hydrogel using a natural polysaccharide Aloevera and vinyl monomer acrylic acid. In this synthesis, ammonium per sulphate was used as an initiator and glutaraldehyde as cross-linker, acrylic acid was used as monomers and Aloevera as backbone. Grafting was confirmed by different techniques like SEM, FT-IR, XRD and EDS. Maximum percentage swelling of synthesized hydrogel was found to be 796 %. Biodegradation behavior of Av-cl-poly(AA) was studied by soil burial, compositing and vermicompositing method. Maximum biodegradation was found to be 90%, 94% and 93% in case of soil burial, composting and vermicomposting methods, respectively. Biodegradation of Av-cl-poly(AA) was confirmed by FTIR and SEM techniques. Water retention capacity was prolonged from 11days to 20 days using synthesized Av-cl-poly(AA). Water content of clay soil and sandy loam soil was increased to an extent of 6.1% and 5.79%, respectively.

scholarly journals Substrate Amendment Effects on Potted Plant Production and Dry Weight Partition of Lantana camara

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 864-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panayiotis A. Nektarios ◽  
Serafim Kastritsis ◽  
Nikolaos Ntoulas ◽  
Panayiota Tsiotsiopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Biometric Measurements ◽  
Amended Soil

Ten substrates were evaluated for their capacity to promote the growth of potted Lantana camara. The substrates consisted of different volumetric proportions of sandy loam soil (S), peat (P), perlite (Per), and urea formaldehyde resin foam (UFRF referred to as F), the latter in an effort to substitute peat use in horticulture. The substrates studied were: S, S60:P40, S40:P60, S60:F40, S40:F60, P60:F40, P40:F60, S40:P30:Per30, S40:F30:Per30, and P50:Per50. Measurements included: 1) substrate physical and chemical characteristics such as water characteristic curves, bulk density, total porosity, easily available water, and pH; 2) biometric measurements such as shoot length and number and number of flowers; and 3) determination of main and lateral stems, leaf, flower, and root dry weights. Results showed that substrates P60:F40 and P40:F60 retained excessive water in all tensions, whereas substrate P50:Per50 exhibited increased water retention at saturation that was quickly reduced after 10 cm of tension. The non-amended soil (S) had the least water retention capacity and proved to be a slow-draining substrate. Supplementation either with peat or peat and perlite (S60:P40, S40:P60, and S40:P30:Per30) significantly increased water retention in the soil-based substrates. Soil-based substrates supplemented with UFRF retained less water compared with peat-amended soil-based substrates. Concerning plant growth, Lantana plants growing in the UFRF-amended substrates were unable to recover from frost injury and their evaluation was interrupted after winter as a result of total plant loss. The injury was attributed to the reduction of plant growth in UFRF-supplemented substrates before the occurrence of frost stress events. Soil-based substrates (S, S60:P40, S40:P60, and S40:P30:Per30) provided greater shoot growth, which was almost twofold compared with substrate P50:Per50. Substrate S40:P30:Per30 produced the most lateral shoots and flowers over the whole study period, whereas S40:P60 produced the most flowers during the summer. Dry weights of both stem and lateral stems followed a similar pattern with the biometric measurements. However the non-amended soil (S) produced the highest leaf and root dry weights followed by substrates S60:P40 and S40:P60. It was concluded that both substrates S40:P60 and S40:P30:Per30 can successfully be used for Lantana nursery production as a result of their decreased bulk density, increased water retention capacity, adequate porosity, and promotion of shoot growth and flowering. Despite its high bulk density, substrate S could be used in the production of Lantana plants for landscape use as a result of the increased root production.

scholarly journals Preparation of a low-cost and eco-friendly superabsorbent composite based on wheat bran and laterite for potential application in Chinese herbal medicine growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 180007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiande Gao ◽  
Jin Liu ◽  
Hui Peng ◽  
Yaya Wang ◽  
Sha Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Chinese Herbal Medicine ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Water Absorbency ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Superabsorbent Composite

A low-cost and eco-friendly superabsorbent composite is prepared through the free-radical graft co-polymerization of wheat bran (WB), acrylic acid (AA) and laterite (LA) in an aqueous solution. Elemental map, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed that the LA evenly distributed in the superabsorbent composite and wheat bran-g-poly(acrylic acid)/laterite (WB-g-PAA/LA) formed successfully. Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed that the WB-g-PAA/LA had high thermal stability. Furthermore, the properties of the WB-g-PAA/LA, such as swelling in saline solutions and degradation, are also assessed. The final WB-g-PAA/LA (5 wt%) superabsorbent composite attained an optimum water absorbency of 1425 g g −1 in distilled water and 72 g g −1 in 0.9 wt% NaCl solution. The water absorbency of WB-g-PAA/LA (10 wt%) is even greater than that of the WB-g-PAA. Moreover, the water-retention capacity of WB-g-PAA/LA (5 wt%) is high, and the water-retention process followed a zero-order reaction. The reaction rate constant is 8.2428 × 10 5 exp(− E a /RT ) and the apparent activation energy ( E a ) is 35.11 kJ mol −1 . Furthermore, WB-g-PAA/LA (5 wt%) may regulate the release of urea, indicating that the superabsorbent composite could provide a promising application as a urea fertilizer carrier. Additionally, it increased the germination and growth rates of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, suggesting it could influence the growth of Chinese herbal medicine.

Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Superabsorbent Polymer Based on Konjac Glucomannan

2010 ◽  
Vol 148-149 ◽  
pp. 1567-1570
Author(s):  
Ai Xia Lu ◽  
Yang Luo ◽  
Xue Gang Luo ◽  
Jian Ye
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Graft Polymerization ◽  
Konjac Glucomannan ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Water Absorbency ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymer ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Factors Influencing

A novel konjac glucomannan-g-poly(acrylic acid) superabsorbent with water absorbency of 380.8g/g in distilled water and 54.3 g/g in 0.9 wt% NaCl solution was prepared by graft polymerization with konjac glucomannan and acrylic acid in aqueous solution, using N, N’- methylene bisacrylamide as a crosslinker and potassium persulfate as an initiator. Factors influencing water absorbency of the superabsorbent polymer were investigated, such as the neutralization degree of acrylic acid, the amount of crosslinker and initiator.

Glutaraldehyde-Cross-Linked Poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Superabsorbent Membranes

2014 ◽  
Vol 789 ◽  
pp. 194-200
Author(s):  
Man Yi Wang ◽  
Yan Ping Wang ◽  
Yan Ting Yu ◽  
Yi Min Wang ◽  
Jian Hua Ni
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Water Absorbency ◽  
Solution Polymerization ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Aqueous Solution Polymerization ◽  
Cross Linker

The superabsorbent membranes were prepared with acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) as the monomers, poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as toughening components, potassium persulfate (KPS) as the initiator agent, and glutaraldehyde (GA) as cross-linker by means of aqueous solution polymerization. Their structures were analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. The effects of synthesis and heat-treatment conditions on water absorbency of superabsorbent membranes were investigated. Their water absorbency with different pH was studied as well. The results showed that the superabsorbent membranes exhibited intelligently pH-responsiveness.

Preparation of Novel Superabsorbent Polymer of Xanthan-G-Poly (Acrylic Acid)/Montmorillonite

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 1376-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zong Cheng Miao ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Deng Deng ◽  
Xiao Ping Huo ◽  
Yong Ming Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Graft Polymerization ◽  
Water Absorbency ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymer ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Organic Montmorillonite ◽  
Swelling Capacity ◽  
Free Radical Initiator ◽  
Poly Acrylic Acid

A novel xanthan-g-poly (acrylic acid)/ organic montmorillonite (XG-g-PAA/OMMT) superabsorbent polymer were synthesized by free-radical graft polymerization in aqueous solution using potassium persulfate as a free radical initiator and methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker, and then organic montmorillonite (OMMT) was introduced as filler into superabsorbent. The effects of reaction variables were systematically optimized to achieve a superabsorbent with swelling capacity as high as possible. Under the optimal synthesis condition, the polymer attained the best water absorbency of 882 g/g in distilled water and 107 g/g in 0.9 wt% NaCl solution. And such excellent character could be important to use in many fields, for example, in agricultural and horticultural applications.

Graft Polymerization of Acrylic Acid onto Polypropylene Film: Immobilization of Chitosan Nanoparticles onto Grafted Films

2013 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 465-468
Author(s):  
Hua Ming Zheng ◽  
Yang Cai ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Hou Bin Li
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Graft Polymerization ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
Ceric Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Polypropylene Film ◽  
Grafting Ratio

In this paper the aim is to immobilize chitosan nanoparticles on the surface of the polypropylene film, aqueous phase thermal decomposition characteristics of ammonium persulfate is used. The PP film is first hydroxylation pretreated in the protection of the high-purity nitrogen. And then ceric ammonium nitrate acting as an initiator, induce graft polymerization of acrylic acid on the hydroxylated treated PP film. Thus, carboxyl functional groups are grafted on the surface of PP film. Finally chitason namoparticles are fixed on PP film by the reaction of carboxyl group and the amino group of chitosan. Experimental results show that: when the reaction temperature is 60 ° C, the concentration of acrylic acid is 8% (w/w), the reaction time reaches 4h, the concentration of ceric ammonium nitrate is 2mM, the optimum grafting ratio is obtained, which is up to 0.6008×10-7mol/cm2. Total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy absorption peaks appear at 1712cm-1, indicating that the-COOH has been successfully grafted to the film surface; the SEM scanning the film surface shows that the chitosan nanoparticles were perfectly immobilized on the modified film. Key words: Acrylic acid, Polypropylene film, Chitosan nanoparticles, Graft polymerization

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