Different Molecular Weight Chitosans Prepared via the Ionic Liquid Hydrolysis and their Antibacterial Activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 730 ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Ran Fu ◽  
Xiu Jie Ji ◽  
Yan Fei Ren ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
Bo Wen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Aqueous System ◽  
Titration Method ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hydrolysis Method ◽  
Different Molecular Weight

The hydrolysis effect of ionic liquid glycine chloride [Gly]Cl aqueous system without any catalyst on the degradation for chitosan were studied. The molecular weight (Mw) and degree of deacetylation (DD) of degraded products were tested via the viscometric method and the titration method, respectively. The structure of the raw and degraded chitosans were assessed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Besides, the antibacterial effects of different Mw chitosans to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated. The results showed that [Gly]Cl aqueous solution was of good assistant degradation effect for chitosan and different molecular weight (300-800 kDa) chitosans were obtained with different processing time via the ionic liquid hydrolysis method. The DD of degraded chitosans tested from titration method was almost unchanged by the treatment. The FTIR and XRD results showed that the ionic liquid degradation had no obvious effect on the molecular structure of chitosan. Besides, the antibacterial activity was closely relevant to the chitosan concentration and Mw. When the concentration was greater than 0.005% (w/v), chitosan began to show strong antibacterial activity. Molecular weight of 636 kDa exhibited commendable antimicrobial properties to E. coli and S. aureus simultaneously.

Cotton Fabric Finished by WPU/LPAA Modified Nano-ZnO for Antibacterial Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 711 ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Qun Li ◽  
Pei Yao Li ◽  
Xi Hui Zhao ◽  
Xiao Wen Li ◽  
Jian Ping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Baking Process ◽  
Fabric Surface

An antibacterial agent (ZPU) was prepared by surface modification of nanoZnO with aliphatic aqueous polyurethane (WPU) and polyacrylates sodium of lower molecular weight (LPAA). Then two kinds of cotton fabrics were dipped in ZPU and finally finished by paking-baking process. ZPU and the finished cotton fabrics were characterized by SEM, TEM and DLS. The antimicrobial properties of the cotton fabrics were investigated. The results indicated that ZnO retained nanosize with little aggregation on the fabric surface. The finished cotton fabrics showed obviously antibacterial activity againstS. aureusandE. coliwith the 24 h antibacterial rate of 99%.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Antimicrobial Properties of Commercial Hand Sanitizers

mSphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Chojnacki ◽  
C. Dobrotka ◽  
R. Osborn ◽  
W. Johnson ◽  
M. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
World Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Performance ◽  
Antimicrobial Performance

ABSTRACT Hand sanitizers have been developed as a convenient means to decontaminate an individual’s hands of bacterial pathogens in situations in which soap and water are not available. Yet to our knowledge, no study has compared the antibacterial efficacy of a large collection of hand sanitizers. Using zone of growth inhibition and kill curve assays, we assessed the performance of 46 commercially available hand sanitizers that were obtained from national chain big-box stores, gasoline stations, pharmacies, and boutiques for antibacterial activity toward prototypical Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacterial pathogens. Results revealed substantial variability in the efficacy of many sanitizers evaluated. Formulations following World Health Organization-recommended ingredients (80% ethanol or 75% isopropyl alcohol) or those including benzalkonium chloride as the active principal ingredient displayed excellent antibacterial activity, whereas others exhibited modest or poor activity in the assays performed. Results also revealed that E. coli was generally more susceptible to most sanitizers in comparison to S. aureus and that there was significant strain-to-strain variability in hand sanitizer antimicrobial efficacy regardless of the organism evaluated. Further, tests of a subset of hand sanitizers toward severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) revealed no direct correlation between antibacterial and antiviral performance, with all ethyl alcohol formulations performing equally well and displaying improved activity in comparison to benzalkonium chloride-containing sanitizer. Taken together, these results indicate that there is likely to be substantial variability in the antimicrobial performance of commercially available hand sanitizers, particularly toward bacterial pathogens, and a need to evaluate the efficacy of sanitizers under development. IMPORTANCE In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, hand hygiene has taken on a prominent role in efforts to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission and infection, which has led to a radical increase in the number and types of hand sanitizers manufactured to meet public demand. To our knowledge, no studies have evaluated or compared the antimicrobial performance of hand sanitizers that are being produced under COVID-19 emergency authorization. Tests of 46 commercially available hand sanitizers purchased from national chain brick-and-mortar stores revealed considerable variability in their antibacterial performance toward two bacterial pathogens of immediate health care concern, S. aureus and E. coli. Expanded testing of a subset of hand sanitizers revealed no direct correlation between antibacterial performance of individual sanitizers and their activity toward SARS-CoV-2. These results indicate that as the pandemic subsides, there will be a need to validate the antimicrobial efficacy of sanitizers being produced.

Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Properties of (R)-(-)-4-Phenyl-2 Oxazolidinone Based Azetidinones

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyamal Baruah ◽  
Amrit Puzari ◽  
Farhana Sultana ◽  
Jayanta Barman
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Antibacterial Property ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Alkyl Side Chain ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Aromatic Imines

Introduction: A series of (R)-(-)-4-Phenyl-2 oxazolidinone based azetidinones (4a-i) were synthesized from the reaction of (2-Oxo-4-phenyl-oxazolidin-3-yl) acetic acid with aromatic imines (3a-i) in the presence of Thionyl chloride and Triethylamine as a base. Methods: The transformation proceeds through the formation of acid chloride to ketene which finally forms the azetidinones through [2+2] cycloaddition with aromatic imines. Products obtained were screened to evaluate their antibacterial activity with respect to known bacteria like Escherichia Coli (E. Coli) and Bacillus subtilis. Results and Conclusion: In most of the cases, azetidinones were found to exhibit superior antimicrobial properties than oxazolidinones. They were found to be a good inhibitor of gram-positive and gramnegative bacteria. Enhancement of antibacterial property can be attributed to the presence of azetidinone ring and hydrophobic alkyl side chain in the scaffolds.

scholarly journals Comparison of Antibacterial Activity ofLactobacillus plantarumStrains Isolated from Two Different Kinds of Regional Cheeses from Poland: Oscypek and Korycinski Cheese

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Ołdak ◽  
Dorota Zielińska ◽  
Anna Rzepkowska ◽  
Danuta Kołożyn-Krajewska
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Unpasteurized Milk ◽  
Protective Cultures

Oscypek and korycinski are traditional Polish cheeses, exclusively produced in Tatra and in Podlasie region, respectively, produced from raw, unpasteurized milk. The 29Lactobacillus plantarumstrains were isolated on MRS agar from 12 cheese samples and used as a material for study. The main purpose of the work was to assess the antimicrobial properties and recognition of selected strains for the unique antagonistic activity and preservation role in food. It has been found that the highest antimicrobial activity was observed in the case ofL. monocytogenesstrains; however, the level of that activity was different depending on theLb. plantarumstrain. Strains from oscypek produced broad spectrum, and a few strains isolated from korycinski cheese produced a narrow spectrum of antimicrobial compounds, other than organic acids and hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, the antagonistic activity shown byLb. plantarumstrains is connected with the source from which a given strain was isolated. Strains isolated from oscypek cheese represented stronger activity againstL. monocytogenes, whereas strains isolated from korycinski cheese were more active againstE. coli. StrainsLb. plantarumOs13 and Kor14 could be considered as good candidates for protective cultures to extend durability of food products.

scholarly journals Antibacterial activity of Saponaria officinalis and Zanthophyllum aramatum

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Veda G ◽  
Mallikarjuna Rao T ◽  
Ganga Rao B
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Minimum Zone ◽  
Saponaria Officinalis

The present study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of two traditional medicinal plant species Saponaria officinalis and Zanthophyllum aramatum belonging to the families Raryophyllaceae and Rutaceae. The root part was selected for the antibacterial activity, and extracts were prepared using soxhlet extraction procedure using different solvents successively. Different extracts of selected plants tested their anti-microbialproperty using agar well diffusion method at different concentration on standard human pathogenic bacterial strains. The selected plants extracts concentrated dependent bactericidal activity on tested standard bacterial strains. The zones of inhibitions were measured for each concentration of various extracts on each bacterial strain tested in a millimeter (mm). All concentrations of extracts showed minimum zone of inhibition (8mm). The chloroform extracts at 5mg/100µL showed less activity. But, as the concentration increases the bactericidal activity was increased. The extracts showed more activity at 40mg/100µL. Among two plants S. officinalis showed more antibacterial activity. In these, methanol extracts of two plants more competent results along with ciprofloxacin on tested bacterial strains. The extracts also showed more activity on gram-negativeorganisms compared to gram-positiveorganisms. The extracts showed more activity on E. coli and S. typhimurium and lower activity on C. sporogenes and S. pneumoniae. The results of the present study provide the evidence on antibacterial property of selected medicinal plants and there is a scope to further studies on isolation of antimicrobial compounds from these species.

scholarly journals Gram-scale synthesis of splat-shaped Ag–TiO2 nanocomposites for enhanced antimicrobial properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 1119-1125
Author(s):  
Mohammad Jaber ◽  
Asim Mushtaq ◽  
Kebiao Zhang ◽  
Jindan Wu ◽  
Dandan Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
Good Biocompatibility

The control over contagious diseases caused by pathogenic organisms has become a serious health issue. The extensive usage of antibiotics has led to the development of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. In this regard, metal-oxide-based antibacterial nanomaterials have received potential research interest due to the efficient prevention of microorganism growth. In this study, splat-shaped Ag–TiO2 nanocomposites (NCs) were synthesized on the gram scale and the enhanced antibacterial properties of TiO2 in the presence of silver were examined. The formation of Ag–TiO2 NCs was analyzed through various characterization techniques. The cell viability experimental results demonstrated that the Ag–TiO2 NCs have good biocompatibility. The antibacterial activity of the prepared Ag–TiO2 NCs was tested against the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacterial strains. The Ag–TiO2 NCs exhibited promising and superior antibacterial properties compared to TiO2 nanospheres as confirmed by the bacterial growth and inhibition zone. The improvement in the antibacterial activity was attributed to the synergistic effect of the hybrid nature of TiO2 nanoparticles in the presence of Ag.

scholarly journals NonToxic Silver/Poly-1-Vinyl-1,2,4-Triazole Nanocomposite Materials with Antibacterial Activity

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina A. Shurygina ◽  
Galina F. Prozorova ◽  
Irina S. Trukhan ◽  
Svetlana A. Korzhova ◽  
Tatiana V. Fadeeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Nanocomposite Materials ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fibroblast Cell Culture

Novel silver/poly-1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole nanocomposite materials—possessing antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria—have been synthesized and characterized in the solid state and aqueous solution by complex of modern physical-chemical and biologic methods. TEM-monitoring has revealed the main stages of microbial cell (E. coli) destruction by novel nanocomposite. The concept of direct polarized destruction of microbes by nanosilver proposed by the authors allows the relationship between physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of novel nanocomposites. At the same time, it was shown that the nanocomposite was nontoxic to the fibroblast cell culture. Thus, the synthesized nanocomposite combining antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as the absence of toxic effects on mammalian cells is a promising material for the development of catheters, coatings for medical devices.

scholarly journals Lethal Antimicrobials and the Generality of Cellular Toxicity [University of Findlay]

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Wildman ◽  
Megan Pasternak ◽  
Robert Charvat ◽  
Justin Rheubert
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Underlying Assumption ◽  
Cellular Toxicity ◽  
Snake Species ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antimicrobial Effectiveness

The exceedingly prevalent antibiotic resistance and need for effective antibiotic exploration has led researchers to a diverse array of biologically occurring compounds. In particular, snake venoms have antimicrobial properties and may be beneficial in medicinal development. Numerous studies have been completed on the Viperidae and Elapidae species, but only a handful of studies have been completed on the Colubridae. Although many bioactive components are found in colubrid venom, this dearth of studies may be due to the fact that many Colubridae species lack mammalian specific toxicity and an underlying assumption that antimicrobial activity is linked to general cellular toxicity of venom. This study addresses this assumption and tests hypotheses concerning the correlation between toxicity and antimicrobial effectiveness, in hopes of exploring less toxic venoms that possess antimicrobial properties. Antibacterial activity of snakes and LD50 values were obtained through an exhaustive literature search. Overall antibacterial activity of each snake species was calculated as a percent of effective/ineffective studies. A regression analysis was completed to test for correlation between LD50 and antibacterial effectiveness. Additionally, t-tests were performed to determine if LD50 values differed between effective/ineffective venoms. Preliminary results suggest that antimicrobial activity is not correlated to LD50 values. Furthermore, there is no significant difference in LD50 values between effective and ineffective venoms against the major bacteria tested (E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis). These data reject the hypothesis that antimicrobial effectiveness is correlated to venom toxicity. Venom components, that are similar between snake species but lack mammalian cell toxicity may be the primary cause for venoms antimicrobial properties. Therefore, venom of a nontoxic colubrid potentially possesses antimicrobial properties, while being less toxic to patients; increasing the therapeutic index and lending support for further investigation.

scholarly journals In vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activity of Rosmarinus officinalis

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 05012
Author(s):  
A. K. Milyuhinа ◽  
L. A. Zabodalova ◽  
U. Kyzdarbek ◽  
I. R. Romazyaeva ◽  
N. Yu. Klyuchko
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis L ◽  
Antibacterial And Antioxidant Activity

Rosmarinus officinalis L. is known for its antioxidant and antibacterial properties against a variety of microorganisms. In this work, research has been carried out on pharmacy rosemary. Its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties have been determined. This study showed that the ethanol extract of R. officinalis L. has a pronounced antimicrobial activity against strains of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The extract also showed good antioxidant activity. Rosemary showed significantly more potent antibacterial activity against E. coli. The diameter of the zone of oppression was 17 mm. Thus, Rosemary Pharmaceutical has demonstrated potential as a dietary supplement due to its stronger antibacterial activity.

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