Extraction of Biological Apatite from Cow Bone at Different Calcination Temperatures: A Comparative Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 796 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Nazia Bano ◽  
Sharifah Adzila ◽  
Suzi Salwah Jikan ◽  
Hatijah Basri ◽  
Nanthini Kanasan
Keyword(s):  
Thermally Stable ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Calcination Temperatures ◽  
Biological Apatite ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Cow Bone ◽  
Natural Hydroxyapatite

The purpose of this study is to extract natural hydroxyapatite (HAP) from cow bone. The hydrothermal method followed by calcination treatment at different temperatures is used in this current research. Cow bone has the potential for producing hydroxyapatite, a chief component present in bone and teeth of vertebrates. HAP is an excellent material used in bone restoration and tissue regeneration. Characterizations of the cow bone natural HAP powder were done by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TGA data revealed that biological apatite is thermally stable at 1100°C. XRD data showed that the extracted HAP is, highly crystalline and hexagonal crystal structure having a crystallite size in the range of 10-83 nm. The extracted HAP material is found to be thermally stable up to 1300°C.

scholarly journals New Ternary Compounds of the Composition Cu2SnTi3 and Their Crystal Structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 8776
Author(s):  
Sheng-Fang Huang ◽  
Yen-Cheng Chang ◽  
Po-Liang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Ternary Compound ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Atomic Structures

A new ternary compound Cu2SnTi3 has been synthesized by vacuum sintering at 900 °C. The atomic structures of CaCu5- and InNi2-like Cu2SnTi3 are calculated using density functional theory methods. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and selected area diffraction (SAD) patterns of the new ternary compound Cu2SnTi3 are considered to verify the atomic structures of CaCu5- and InNi2-like Cu2SnTi3. The results reveal that the InNi2-like Cu2SnTi3 model has the lowest total energy of −35.239 eV, representing the trigonal crystal structure. The orthorhombic crystal structure of the CaCu5-like Cu2SnTi3 model has the second lowest total energy of −33.926 eV. Our theoretical X-ray diffraction peak profiles of InNi2-like (CaCu5-like) Cu2SnTi3 are nearly identical to experimental one, leading to an error below 2.0% (3.0%). In addition, the hexagonal crystal structure of the CaCu5-like Cu2SnTi3 model has the highest total energy of −33.094 eV. The stability of the Cu2SnTi3 in terms of energy follows the order: the trigonal, orthorhombic, and hexagonal crystal structure.

Characterization of Zn0.96Al0.02Ga0.02O Thermoelectric Material

2013 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 227-231
Author(s):  
Panida Pilasuta ◽  
Pennapa Muthitamongkol ◽  
Chanchana Thanachayanont ◽  
Tosawat Seetawan
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Hexagonal Structure ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron

Crystal structure of Zn0.96Al0.02Ga0.02O was analyzed by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) technique and the microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD results showed single phase and hexagonal structure a = b = 3.24982 Å, and c = 5.20661 Å. The SEM and TEM results showed the grain size of material arrangement changed after sintering and TEM diffraction pattern confirmed hexagonal crystal structure of Zn0.96Al0.02Ga0.02O after sintering.

Halogen-Elpasolithe, IV [1]. Über Brom-Elpasolithe Cs2BIMIIIBr6 BI = Li, Na; MIII = Sc, Y, La-Lu, In, V, Cr) / Halo-Elpasolites, IV [1]. On Bromo-Elpasolites Cs2BIMIIIBr6 BI = Li, Na; MIII = Sc, Y, La-Lu, In, V, Cr)

1978 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1476-1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerd Meyer ◽  
Hans-Christian Gaebell
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal ◽  
X Ray

Bromo-Elpasolites of formulae Cs2LiMBr6 and Cs2NaMBr6 (M = Sc, Y, La-Lu, In, V, Cr) were prepared and investigated by powder X-ray diffraction. The compounds Cs2NaMBr6 (M = Ce-Lu, Sc, Y, In) as well as Cs2LiMBr6 (M = La-Er, Y) crystallize cubic facecentered (elpasolite type of structure); Cs2NaLaBr6 and low temperature forms of Cs2NaMBr6 (M = Ce-Gd) are tetragonal. Several hexagonal crystal structure types (HT-K2LiAlF6, Cs2NaCrF6, Cs2LiGaF6) are observed for Cs2LiMBr6 (M = Tm, Yb, Lu, Sc, In, V, Cr).

Cerium Oxygen Apatite (Ce4.67[SiO4]3O) X-Ray Diffraction Pattern Revisited

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cuneyt Tas ◽  
Mufit Akinc
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lattice Constants ◽  
Close Resemblance

AbstractA new X-ray diffraction pattern for the compound cerium oxygen apatite, Ce4.67[SiO4]3O is suggested. The compound was prepared by the solid state reaction of the oxides, CeO2 and SiO2 and has a hexagonal crystal structure with the lattice constants a = 9.6578 Å and c = 7.1187 Å. The sample of the most recent PDF pattern 31-0336* (Visser, 1978) for this compound is believed to be contaminated with significant quantities of N owing to the fact that it was prepared by mixing Ce2O3 and Si3N4 and its very close resemblance to the pattern displayed in the PDF 33-0333 given for the cerium “nitrogen” apatite, Ce5[SiO4]3N.

Combustion Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Y2O2S: Eu 3+ , Mg 2+ , Ti 4+ Red Long-Lasting Phosphors Using Mixture Fuel of Thiourea and Citric Acid

2013 ◽  
Vol 652-654 ◽  
pp. 669-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Bao Han ◽  
Xiang Guo Li ◽  
Gui Hua Peng ◽  
Zhen Hua Liang ◽  
Xia Wang
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Luminescent Properties ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal ◽  
Red Emission ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structure Morphology

Nanocrystalline Y2O2S: Eu3+, Mg2+, Ti4+red long-lasting phosphor was synthesized successfully by combustion method using thiourea and citric acid as fuel. The structure, morphology and luminescent properties of these phosphors were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The experimental results revealed that the phosphor was composed of sheet-shaped Y2O2S with hexagonal crystal structure. They exhibited strong red emission at 617 nm and 626nm. In addition, the dosage of citric acid has great effect on the phosphor. When molar ratio of citric acid to Y3+is 1.3, the resulted phosphor gives the highest emission intensity.

scholarly journals Nanoindentation of Bi2Se3 Thin Films

Micromachines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Da Lai ◽  
Sheng-Rui Jian ◽  
Le Tuyen ◽  
Phuoc Le ◽  
Chih-Wei Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Laser Deposition ◽  
Microstructural Properties ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nanomechanical Properties ◽  
Sapphire Substrates ◽  
Induced Dislocation

The nanomechanical properties and nanoindentation responses of bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) thin films are investigated in this study. The Bi2Se3 thin films are deposited on c-plane sapphire substrates using pulsed laser deposition. The microstructural properties of Bi2Se3 thin films are analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD results indicated that Bi2Se3 thin films are exhibited the hexagonal crystal structure with a c-axis preferred growth orientation. Nanoindentation results showed the multiple “pop-ins” displayed in the loading segments of the load-displacement curves, suggesting that the deformation mechanisms in the hexagonal-structured Bi2Se3 films might have been governed by the nucleation and propagation of dislocations. Further, an energetic estimation of nanoindentation-induced dislocation associated with the observed pop-in effects was made using the classical dislocation theory.

Effects of Rare-Earth Content on the Properties of Co-Free MmxMl1-x(NiCuAlZn5)Hydrogen Storage Alloys

2005 ◽  
Vol 475-479 ◽  
pp. 2517-2520
Author(s):  
Yi Jing Wang ◽  
Huatang Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Plateau Pressure ◽  
Cyclic Voltammogram ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal ◽  
Hydrogen Storage Alloys ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Misch Metal ◽  
Rare Earth Content

MmxMl1-xNi4.14Cu0.5Al0.3Zn0.06 (Mm=Ce-rich misch-metal, Ml=La-rich misch-metal, x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1) alloys have been synthesized by the inter-media alloy method. The properties of these alloys have been systematically investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), pressure-composition isotherms (PCT), electrochemical impendence (EIS) and cyclic voltammogram (CV). The X-ray diffraction results indicated that these alloys had a CaCu5-type hexagonal crystal structure. With increasing the Mm content, the plateau pressure and volume expansion of their hydrides were increased, but the volume of unit was decreased.

Effect of Heat Treating Temperature on Chemical and Physical Properties of Natural Hydroxyapatite Produced From Bovine Bone

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mousa Younesi ◽  
Mehdi Javidi ◽  
Mohammad Ebrahim Bahrololoom ◽  
Hamidreza Fooladfar
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
White Powder ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Natural Hydroxyapatite

This study focused on chemical and physical properties of Hydroxyapatite powder was prepared by burning bone and heat treating the obtained bone ash at different temperatures (600, 700, 800, and 1100 °C) in an air furnace. The black ash was converted to a white powder after heat treatment. Results of X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy that were done on heat treated powders in different temperatures indicated that the white powder was hydroxyapatite and did not contain any organic components of the bone. Furthermore, results of X-ray diffraction analysis were shown that phase transformation of the resulted hydroxyapatite to other calcium phosphate phases did not occur up to 1100 °C. X-ray fluorescence analyses revealed that calcium and phosphorous were the main elements and magnesium and sodium were present as minor impurities. The results of the energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed that Ca/P ratio of this natural hydroxyapatite varies between 1.46 and 2.01. The resulted material was found to be thermally stable up to 1100 °C. The density of natural hydroxyapatite heat treated at 800 °C was measured to be 3.187 g/cm3.

Tuning the bandgap in Co-doped Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (17) ◽  
pp. 1950182
Author(s):  
Syed Masood Raza ◽  
S. Rizwan Ali ◽  
M. Naeem ◽  
Zaheer Uddin ◽  
Sadaf Qaseem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Distortion ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Shaped Particle ◽  
Co Concentration ◽  
Co Doped ◽  
Scanning Electron

Cobalt (Co) doped magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles are synthesized by a surfactant-free co-participation method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show nanometer size Mg(OH)2 particles in spherically shaped particle-like morphology. Synthesis of these Mg(OH)2 nanocrystals involves the formation of monomeric MgOH[Formula: see text] ions as the precursor for the Mg(OH)2 nuclei which finally evolves in spherical particle-like morphology. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms the hexagonal crystal structure of the samples. With increasing Co concentration, the absorption spectra of the samples show narrowing of the bandgap from 5.47 eV (for pure Mg(OH2)) to 5.26 eV (for 10% Co-doped Mg(OH2)) effect is attributed to changes in the interaction potentials between Co and the host Mg(OH)2 lattice due to dopant-induced lattice distortion and the presence of a mixed valance Co[Formula: see text]/Co[Formula: see text] state.

EPR Study of CeO2 Nano Particles

2022 ◽  
Vol 1048 ◽  
pp. 130-138
Author(s):  
Dinesh Uthra ◽  
M.P. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Intensity Difference ◽  
Nitrate Hexahydrate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Calcination Temperatures ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Calcined Temperature

In this paper, we have studied the EPR spectra, X-ray diffraction and Raman Analysis, Microstructures-morphology of the Ceria NPs calcined at different temperatures of 700 °C, 850 °C ,these materials have been synthesized by Co precipitation (CPT) method by using Cerium tri-nitrate hexahydrate and potassium carbonate solutions. Then synthesized precipitate was heated at 70 °C for 20 hour. Slow grinding of the precipitate and calcined for 3 hours at different temperatures viz. 700 °C and 850 °C to form fine Cerium oxide powder-Ceria NPs. The EPR measurements were made using continuous wave spectrometer (X-band, Bruker Biospin EMX Plus). The g values were obtained by using diphynelpirichylhydrageyl (DPPH-C18H12N5O6) sample and got g value is around 1.97. This g tensor is decreased when the calcined temperature are increased, EPR parameters are also changed as the calcined temperature increases. When the calcined temperature is increased from 700 °C to 850 °C, a doublet separated, intensity increased. The X-Ray diffraction pattern shows the nature of the Ceria NPs crystal, with a cubic structure and got the lattice parameters 5.392 Å for samples calcined at temperature of 700 °C and 5.357 Å at 850 °C which shows decreasing trend in lattice parameter with calcination temperature. The intensity of Raman peaks is also shifted upwards with a rise in temperature. This intensity difference could be because of the rise in vibrational amplitudes of the closest neighboring bonds because of the increase in particle size 11.3± 1.0 to 15.6± 1.0 nm at calcination temperatures of 700 °C and 850 °C and the Raman peak of peak I, 461 cm-1 and peak II, 463 cm-1 respectively. Other peaks were not observed in this Raman pattern. The EDS analysis confirms the presence of the Ce and O atoms in the synthesized samples. Spherical shapes and homogeneously distributed Ceria NPs and a rather tendency for agglomeration were confirmed.

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