Effect of Heat Treating Temperature on Chemical and Physical Properties of Natural Hydroxyapatite Produced From Bovine Bone

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mousa Younesi ◽  
Mehdi Javidi ◽  
Mohammad Ebrahim Bahrololoom ◽  
Hamidreza Fooladfar
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
White Powder ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Natural Hydroxyapatite

This study focused on chemical and physical properties of Hydroxyapatite powder was prepared by burning bone and heat treating the obtained bone ash at different temperatures (600, 700, 800, and 1100 °C) in an air furnace. The black ash was converted to a white powder after heat treatment. Results of X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy that were done on heat treated powders in different temperatures indicated that the white powder was hydroxyapatite and did not contain any organic components of the bone. Furthermore, results of X-ray diffraction analysis were shown that phase transformation of the resulted hydroxyapatite to other calcium phosphate phases did not occur up to 1100 °C. X-ray fluorescence analyses revealed that calcium and phosphorous were the main elements and magnesium and sodium were present as minor impurities. The results of the energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed that Ca/P ratio of this natural hydroxyapatite varies between 1.46 and 2.01. The resulted material was found to be thermally stable up to 1100 °C. The density of natural hydroxyapatite heat treated at 800 °C was measured to be 3.187 g/cm3.

Sintering Effects on Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite-Titanium Dioxide (HA-TiO2) Composites

2006 ◽  
Vol 309-311 ◽  
pp. 355-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faik N. Oktar ◽  
Onur Meydanoglu ◽  
Gültekin Göller ◽  
Simeon Agathopoulos ◽  
G. Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Densification Behaviour ◽  
Different Temperatures

Composites of bovine bone derived HA with 5 wt% and 10 wt% of TiO2 were sintered at different temperatures. Their characterization comprised measurements of density, microhardness, and compression strength together with SEM observations and X-ray diffraction analysis. Better densification behaviour was achieved at higher sintering temperatures. The highest microhardness value was measured in the samples sintered at 1300°C. The best compressive strengths of the samples containing 5% and 10% TiO2 were obtained after sintering at 1300°C and 1200°C, respectively.

Tribological Performance Optimization of Electroless Nickel Coatings Under Lubricated Condition

2018 ◽  
pp. 250-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santanu Duari ◽  
Arkadeb Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Tapan Kumar Barman ◽  
Prasanta Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Electroless Nickel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Wear Depth ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Electroless Ni ◽  
Scanning Electron

The present chapter aims to determine optimal tribo-testing condition for minimum coefficient of friction and wear depth of electroless Ni-P, Ni-P-W and Ni-P-Cu coatings under lubrication using grey relational analysis. Electroless Ni-P, Ni-P-W and Ni-P-Cu coatings are deposited on AISI 1040 steel substrates. They are heat treated at suitable temperatures to improve their hardness. Coating characterization is done using scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-Ray analysis and X-Ray diffraction techniques. Typical nodulated surface morphology is observed in the scanning electron micrographs of all the three coatings. Phase transformation on heat treating the deposits is captured through the use of X-Ray diffraction technique. Vicker's microhardness of the coatings in their as-deposited and heat treated condition is determined. Ni-P-W coatings are seen to exhibit the highest microhardness. Friction and wear tests under lubricated condition are carried out following Taguchi's experimental design principle. Finally, the predominating wear mechanism of the coatings is discussed.

GdAl2Si2, eine unerwartete Verbindung im CaAl2Si2-Typ [1] / GdAl2Si2, an Unexpected Compound of the CaAl2Si2-Type [1]

1982 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1514-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhard Xesper ◽  
Hans Georg von Schnering
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Formula Unit ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Metallic Conductivity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Valence Electrons

CaAl2Si2-type compounds are known to have 10 valence electrons per formula unit. GdAl2Si2 is a new compound crystallizing with the CaAl2Si2 type structure. The compound is characterized by elemental analysis (atomic emission), X-ray diffraction analysis (a = 419,4(1) pm, c = 665.1(2) pm, P3̄ml) and physical properties. GdAl2Si2 has the unusual VEC =17 and shows metallic conductivity (g (300 K) = 10-4 Ωcm). The structure is discussed with respect to CaAl2Si2 and related covalent silicon-framework-structures

Fabrication and Microwave Characteristics of Fe3O4/C Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 430-432 ◽  
pp. 146-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Wang ◽  
Cheng Guo Wang ◽  
Yu Guo
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Absorption ◽  
Magnetic Loss ◽  
Carbon Matrix ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Microwave Absorption Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Microwave Characteristics

Fe3O4/C composites were prepared by using Fe and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as precursors, and then heat-treated at temperatures of 600,700 and 800 °C, respectively. The phase composition of the composites at different temperatures was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, and Fe reacted with O from PAN to form Fe3O4, which contributed to the improvement of magnetic loss of the carbon matrix. Electromagnetic and microwave absorption properties of the composites were investigated. The results show that the values of real and imaginary part of permittivity were all increased as the temperature increasing, and also the microwave absorption capability was improved.

Magnetic Properties of Mg0.4Ca0.6Fe2O4 Nanoparticles Synthesized by Sol-Gel Method for Hyperthermia Treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 631 ◽  
pp. 193-197
Author(s):  
A.M. Escamilla-Pérez ◽  
D.A. Cortés-Hernández ◽  
J.M. Almanza-Robles ◽  
D. Mantovani ◽  
P. Chevallier
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hyperthermia Treatment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Xrd Patterns

Powders of Mg0.4Ca0.6Fe2O4were prepared by sol-gel using ethylene glycol and Mg, Ca and Fe nitrates as starting materials. Those powders were heat treated at different temperatures (300, 400, 500 and 600 °C) for 30 min. The materials obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The Ca-Mg ferrite with the most appropriate magnetic properties was further analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The heating capability of the nanoferrites was also tested via magnetic induction. The XRD patterns of these Ca-Mg ferrites showed a cubic inverse spinel structure. Furthermore, neither traces of hematite nor orthorhombic Ca ferrite phases were detected. Moreover, all the Ca-Mg ferrites are superparamagnetic and the particle size distribution of these Ca-Mg magnetic nanoparticles exhibits an average diameter within the range of 10-14 nm. The needed temperature for hyperthermia treatment was achieved at around 12 min.

Preparation and Characterization of SrO-Fe2O3-FeO-SiO2-B2O3 System Hexaferrites Glass-Ceramics

2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 855-860
Author(s):  
Jian An Liu ◽  
Mei Mei Zhang ◽  
Xue Na Yang ◽  
Wen He
Keyword(s):  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Vibrating Sample Magnetometer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Mixed Compound ◽  
Anneal Temperature

Based on the SrO-Fe2O3-FeO-SiO2-B2O3 system, the M-type strontium hexaferrites glass ceramics has been prepared through heat treating the melted glass. Using the aqueous solution solvent evaporation and melt method, we obtained the glass precursor of molecular-scale homogenously mixed compound. The precursor was completely melted in a lidded platinum crucible placed in an electric furnace at 1480°C for 1h and then annealed in a furnace at 550°C for 40min. The crystallization of the glass systems with different component has been systematically investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Micrographs (TEM) as well as Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). It is found that Fe3O4 crystal precipitated during naturally cooling the melt from 1480°C to anneal temperature. Moreover, the hexaferrite glass ceramics with the main crystal phase of SrFe12O19 was obtained after heat-treated at 860°C for 2 hours. The magnetic properties of the obtained hexaferrite glass ceramics indicated that the saturation magnetization and the coercivity were 8.1A•m2/kg and 114KA/m, respectively.

scholarly journals Структурные превращения в борате железа при высокотемпературном отжиге

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 1229
Author(s):  
С.В. Ягупов ◽  
Н.И. Снегирёв ◽  
К.А. Селезнева ◽  
Е.Т. Милюкова ◽  
Ю.А. Могиленец ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Iron Borate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Scanning Electron

Surface morphology and crystal structure of iron borate, FeBO3, annealed at different temperatures, have been studied by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The temperature range of structurally stability of iron borate has been determined. It has been established that in the range of temperatures 800–900°C recrystallization in the iron orthoborate Fe3BO6 phase, and more than 900°C − in α-Fe2O3 phase, occurs.

scholarly journals Role of the extra Fe in K2−xFe4+ySe5 superconductors

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 1104-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Han Wang ◽  
Chih-Chien Lee ◽  
Gwo-Tzong Huang ◽  
Jie-Yu Yang ◽  
Ming-Jye Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Superconducting Transition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Best Fit

The exact superconducting phase of K2−xFe4+ySe5 has so far not been conclusively decided since its discovery due to its intrinsic multiphase in early material. In an attempt to resolve this mystery, we have carried out systematic structural studies on a set of well-controlled samples with exact chemical stoichiometry K2−xFe4+xSe5 (x = 0–0.3) that are heat-treated at different temperatures. Using high-resolution synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction, our investigations have determined the superconducting transition by focusing on the detailed temperature evolution of the crystalline phases. Our results show that superconductivity appears only in those samples that have been treated at high-enough temperature and then quenched to room temperature. The volume fraction of superconducting transition strongly depends on the annealing temperature used. The most striking result is the observation of a clear contrast in crystalline phase between the nonsuperconducting parent compound K2Fe4Se5 and the superconducting K2−xFe4+ySe5 samples. The X-ray diffraction patterned can be well indexed to the phase with I4/m symmetry in all temperatures investigated. However, we need two phases with similar I4/m symmetry but different parameters to best fit the data at a temperature below the Fe vacancy order temperature. The results strongly suggest that superconductivity in K2−xFe4+ySe5 critically depends on the occupation of Fe atoms on the originally empty 4d site.

Extraction of Biological Apatite from Cow Bone at Different Calcination Temperatures: A Comparative Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 796 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Nazia Bano ◽  
Sharifah Adzila ◽  
Suzi Salwah Jikan ◽  
Hatijah Basri ◽  
Nanthini Kanasan
Keyword(s):  
Thermally Stable ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Calcination Temperatures ◽  
Biological Apatite ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Cow Bone ◽  
Natural Hydroxyapatite

The purpose of this study is to extract natural hydroxyapatite (HAP) from cow bone. The hydrothermal method followed by calcination treatment at different temperatures is used in this current research. Cow bone has the potential for producing hydroxyapatite, a chief component present in bone and teeth of vertebrates. HAP is an excellent material used in bone restoration and tissue regeneration. Characterizations of the cow bone natural HAP powder were done by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TGA data revealed that biological apatite is thermally stable at 1100°C. XRD data showed that the extracted HAP is, highly crystalline and hexagonal crystal structure having a crystallite size in the range of 10-83 nm. The extracted HAP material is found to be thermally stable up to 1300°C.

The Electrical Resistivity of B4C Modified Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin Matrix Composite Materials Pyrolyzed at Different Temperatures

2012 ◽  
Vol 583 ◽  
pp. 36-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Yun Jiang ◽  
Ji Gang Wang ◽  
Shen Qing Wu ◽  
Wei Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Resin Matrix ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Resin Matrix Composite

The electrical resistivity is studied when B4C modified phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin is heat-treated at temperatures of 300-1500 °C, and then the X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra are also investigated. The results indicate that the electrical resistivity is elevated with the increase of pyrolytic temperature of PF resin. The addition of B4C decreases the electrical resistivity efficiently when the temperature is range of 700-1000 °C. Especially the composite is treated at tmperatures of 1000-1500 °C. The analysis of XRD spectra suggests that the addition of B4C promotes the arrangement of residue at high temperature. The arrangement reaction has not a direct effect on the electrical resistivity.

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