Application of Coconut Copra as Biosorbent for Removal of Heavy Metals

2019 ◽  
Vol 797 ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terri Zhuan Ean Lee ◽  
Siong Fong Sim
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Equilibrium Phase ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Surface Models ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Cr Removal

Previous studies have evidenced that coconut copra is a potential biosorbent for removal of dissolved organic carbon from peat swamp runoff attaining an average removal of 96 %. The capability of coconut copra in removing heavy metals including cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) is scarcely reported. In this paper, response surface methodology was applied to evaluate the optimum conditions for removal of Cd, Cr and Ni from aqueous solution using raw coconut copra. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted according to inscribed central composite design. Response surface models further identified the optimum dosage, pH and contact time for Cd removal is 1.5 g, pH 11 and 60 min, Cr removal is 0.1 g, pH 8.48 and 60 min while Ni removal is 0.1 g, pH 11 and 15 min. Bimodality is observed in response surface graphs, implying the possible existence of two equilibrium phase during the adsorption process. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models were employed to describe the adsorption behaviour. Results revealed that raw coconut copra can remove 4.55 mg/g of Cd, 8.71 mg/g of Cr and 26.46 mg/g of Ni. The adsorption processes are physical adsorption.

scholarly journals Comparative Study between Zn and Cu Nano Ferrite in Removal of Heavy Metals and Microorganisms from Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Azhar Jabbar Bohan ◽  
Ghaed Khalef Salman ◽  
Ghaidaa Majeed Jaid
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Nano Composite ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals

The effect of Nano composite materials (CuFe2O4 and ZnFe2O4) was studied for removal of heavy metals (Cd (II) and Pb (II)) from wastewater by batch adsorption method and explain their effect on the antimicrobial effectiveness on gram positive and negative bacteria. Nano composite materials were characterized by XRD where the result indicates that the average crystallite sizes were around 36.19 nm for ZnFe2O4 and 12.22 nm for CuFe2O4.The effect of contact time, adsorbent dose, pH and type of adsorbents was used to find the optimum condition for removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions .The equilibrium adsorption data was good fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, and the pseudo first-order kinetic model showed the excellent fit in adsorption equilibrium capacity. The best pH used for removal was 7. The good removal reaches at the time 45 min for cadmium and need more time for lead. When increasing dosage of adsorbents, the removal efficiency increases. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm gave the best fit experimental data. Also, antibacterial effects of this nano particles demonstrated the effect of CuFe2O4 NPs on bacteria more than used ZnFe2O4 NPs, and the percentage of bacterial death was increased according to increase the concentration of this materials.

scholarly journals A systematic study for removal of heavy metals from aqueous media using Sorghum bicolor: an efficient biosorbent

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 2355-2368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalida Naseem ◽  
Zahoor H. Farooqi ◽  
Muhammad Z. Ur Rehman ◽  
Muhammad A. Ur Rehman ◽  
Robina Begum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Adsorption Efficiency ◽  
Adsorption Isotherm Models ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals

Abstract This review is based on the adsorption characteristics of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) for removal of heavy metals from aqueous media. Different parameters like pH, temperature of the medium, sorghum concentration, sorghum particle size, contact time, stirring speed and heavy metal concentration control the adsorption efficiency of sorghum biomass for heavy metal ions. Sorghum biomass showed maximum efficiency for removal of heavy metal ions in the pH range of 5 to 6. It is an agricultural waste and is regarded as the cheapest biosorbent, having high adsorption capacity for heavy metals as compared to other reported adsorbents, for the treatment of heavy metal polluted wastewater. Adsorption of heavy metal ions onto sorghum biomass follows pseudo second order kinetics. Best fitted adsorption isotherm models for removal of heavy metal ions on sorghum biomass are Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. Thermodynamic aspects of heavy metal ions adsorption onto sorghum biomass have also been elaborated in this review article. How adsorption efficiency of sorghum biomass can be improved by different physical and chemical treatments in future has also been elaborated. This review article will be highly useful for researchers working in the field of water treatment via biosorption processing. The quantitative demonstrated efficiency of sorghum biomass for various heavy metal ions has also been highlighted in different sections of this review article.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of ceramic pot filters combined with adsorption processes for the removal of heavy metals and phenolic compounds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Pérez-Vidal ◽  
Jorge Antonio Silva-Leal ◽  
Jaime Diaz-Gómez ◽  
Camilo J. Meneses-Torres ◽  
Juan E. Arias-Vallejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Colloidal Silver ◽  
Household Water Treatment ◽  
Chemical Contaminants ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Adsorption Processes

Abstract It has been demonstrated that the ceramic pot filters (CPFs) with impregnated colloidal silver are efficient for the removal of turbidity and pathogens for household water treatment. This investigation evaluated the efficiency of two filter models for the removal of chemical contaminants (Hg, Pb, As and phenolic compounds) during 175 days. The first model is a traditional CPF impregnated with colloidal silver and the second consists of the ceramic silver-impregnated pot plus a post-filtration column with granular activated carbon and zeolite (CPF + GAC-Z). The results of the CPF showed average efficiencies of 91.5% (Hg), 92% (Pb), 50.2% (As) and 78.7% (phenols). The CPF + GAC-Z showed similar efficiencies for the removal of heavy metals (92.5% Hg, 98.1% Pb and 52.3% As) and a considerably higher efficiency for the removal of phenols (96.4%). The As concentration of the filtered water in both systems was higher than the regulatory limit. The ceramic pot was responsible for the highest removal of chemical compounds. It can be concluded that the traditional CPF is a viable option for water supply treatment at the household level for the removal of chemical contaminants. The efficiency of this filter can be improved with the post-filtration column mainly for the removal of organic constituents.

scholarly journals Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater by Adsorption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athar Hussain ◽  
Sangeeta Madan ◽  
Richa Madan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Cost Effective Technique ◽  
Adsorption Processes

Adsorption processes are extensively used in wastewater treatment for heavy metal removal. The most widely used adsorbent is activated carbon giving the best of results but it’s high cost limits its use. It has a high cost of production and regeneration. As the world today faces a shortage of freshwater resources, it is inevitable to look for alternatives that lessen the burden on existing resources. Also, heavy metals are toxic even in trace concentrations, so an environmentally safe method of their removal necessitated the requirement of low cost adsorbents. Adsorption is a cost-effective technique and gained recognition due to its minimum waste disposal advantage. This chapter focuses on the process of adsorption and the types of adsorbent available today. It also encompasses the low-cost adsorbents ranging from agricultural waste to industrial waste explaining the adsorption reaction condition. The cost-effectiveness, technical applicability and easy availability of raw material with low negative impact on the system are the precursors in selecting the adsorbents. The novelty of the chapter lies in covering a wide range of adsorbents with their efficiency in removal of heavy metals from wastewater.

scholarly journals The efficiency of nano-TiO2 and γ-Al2O3 in copper removal from aqueous solution by characterization and adsorption study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ezati ◽  
Ebrahim Sepehr ◽  
Fatemeh Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Geochemical Modeling ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Background Electrolyte ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Equilibrium Data

AbstractWater pollution is a major global challenge given the increasing growth in the industry and the human population. The present study aims to investigate the efficiency of TiO2 and γ-Al2O3 nanoadsorbents for removal of copper (Cu(II)) from aqueous solution as influenced by different chemical factors including pH, initial concentration, background electrolyte and, ionic strength. The batch adsorption experiment was performed according to standard experimental methods. Various isotherm models (Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich) were fitted to the equilibrium data. According to geochemical modeling data, adsorption was a predominant mechanism for Cu(II) removal from aqueous solution. Calculated isotherm equations parameters were evidence of the physical adsorption mechanism of Cu(II) onto the surface of the nanoparticles. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm model could well fit the experimental equilibrium data at different pH values. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of TiO2 and γ-Al2O3 nanosorbents were found to 9288 and 3607 mg kg−1 at the highest pH value (pH 8) and the highest initial Cu(II) concentration (80 mg L−1) respectively. Copper )Cu(II) (removal efficiency with TiO2 and γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles increased by increasing pH. Copper )Cu(II) (adsorption deceased by increasing ionic strength. The maximum Cu(II) adsorption (4510 mg kg−1) with TiO2 nanoparticles was found at 0.01 M ionic strength in the presence of NaCl. Thermodynamic calculations show the adsorption of Cu(II) ions onto the nanoparticles was spontaneous in nature. Titanium oxide (TiO2) nanosorbents could, therefore, serve as an efficient and low-cost nanomaterial for the remediation of Cu(II) ions polluted aqueous solutions.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION AND SORPTION ISOTHERMS ANALYSIS OF ANIONIC DYE EOSIN YELLOW DECONTAMINATION BY GOETHITE ADSORBENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Nasir Abdus- Salam ◽  
Fabian Audu Ugbe ◽  
Abiola Victoria Ikudayisi- Ugbe
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Sorption Data ◽  
Isotherm Study ◽  
Monolayer Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Isotherm Models ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Eosin Yellow

In this work, removal of Eosin Yellow (EY) using Natural Goethite (NGT) and Synthetic Goethite (SGT) particles was studied using batch equilibrium technique. Different parameters such as initial dye concentration, particle size (NGT only), pH, and adsorbent dose were optimized to investigate the sorbents efficiency for the dye. The experimental data were tested for fitness into five common adsorption isotherm models. The various equilibrium parameters studied were found to have remarkable influence on the adsorption processes, showing optimum removal at dye concentration (150 mg/L for EY-NGT and 200 mg/L for EY-SGT), NGT particle size (0.112mm), pH (2), and dosage (0.05g), with SGT exhibiting relatively higher adsorption efficiency. The sorption data fitted well the various isotherm models in the order; Freundlich (R2 = 0.9032) > Temkin (0.8294) > Langmuir (0.8268) > DKR (0.6431) > Flory Huggins (0.616) for EY-NGT, and Langmuir (0.9831) > Flory Huggins (0.9639) > Freundlich (0.9597) > Temkin (0.8944) > DKR (0.5993) for EY-SGT. The monolayer adsorption capacity (qm) was calculated as 1.17 and 20.80 mgg-1 for NGT and SGT respectively. Additionally, combined information obtained from the isotherm study revealed that the processes were favourable, spontaneous and proceeded by a multilayer physical adsorption on already chemisorbed layer. Conclusively, the results of this study have provided useful information on the optimum working condition and mechanism of EY uptake onto goethite surfaces.

scholarly journals Removal of Heavy Metals Using Adsorption Processes Subject to an External Magnetic Field

Heavy Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma. del Rosario Moreno Virgen ◽  
Omar Francisco González Vázquez ◽  
Virginia Hernández Montoya ◽  
Rigoberto Tovar Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
External Magnetic Field ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Adsorption Processes

Biosorption of Uranium Heavy Metals

2018 ◽  
pp. 80-91
Author(s):  
Ashok K. Rathoure ◽  
Sudhanshu Mishra ◽  
Sandeep Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Van Der Waals Forces ◽  
Natural Process ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
High Toxicity ◽  
Uranium Removal ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

Uranium is a seriously threatening heavy metal because of its high toxicity and radioactivity. Uranium contaminates surface and groundwater. Metal removed from aqueous solutions often leads to effective metal concentration. Apart from the slow natural process of metal mineralization, removal of heavy metals is attained when the metal becomes concentrated at a point that it is either returned to the process or resold. Physical adsorption takes place due to van-der Waals' forces. Conventional methods used for uranium removal are expensive and produce huge amount of sludge (consists of toxic substances) which blockade the membrane. In this chapter, uranium removal by biosorption method is discussed. Uranium removal is attained by the use of either living microorganisms (bacteria, algae, and fungi) or their dead biomasses.

The Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solution by Utilizing Modified β-Cyclodextrin Microspheres

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 632-638
Author(s):  
Feng Yu Li ◽  
Xiao Mei Sun ◽  
Bu Hai Li
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to remove heavy metals Cu(II)and Ni(II) by pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) grafted β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD). The effects concerning the pH of the solution, contact time and initial heavy metal concentration were studied and discussed. The adsorption values increased significantly after a large number of carboxyl groups were gragfted on the microspheres surface. In order to investigate the mechanism of sorption, adsorption data were modeled using the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. It was found that kinetic studies showed good correlation coefficients for a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, confirming that the sorption rate was controlled by chemical adsorption. The equilibrium process was better described by the Langmuir isotherm than the Freundlich isotherm. XPS analysis further confirmed that the carboxyl group which grafted on the surface of the β-CD microspheres play a very important role in the removal of heavy metals.

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