Atmospherically Stable Silver Nanowire/Hydroxyethyl Cellulose Films and their Application in Flexible Transparent Touch Screen

2019 ◽  
Vol 821 ◽  
pp. 401-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel De Guzman ◽  
Mary Donnabelle L. Balela
Keyword(s):  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Touch Screen ◽  
Silver Nanowire ◽  
Hydroxyethyl Cellulose ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Cellulose Films ◽  
The Stability

Silver nanowires (AgNWs) has been extensively studied to replace indium tin oxide as a suitable material for transparent conducting films (TCEs) The networks of nanowires however are prone to degradation due to corrosion when exposed to ambient conditions. In this study, high aspect ratio AgNWs were synthesized with an improved polyol method by varying the reaction temperatures in the nucleation and growth stage. Solutions of AgNWs were deposited on polymer substrates and were exposed to ambient laboratory conditions for several days and the effect on the stability and overall performance of the AgNW films was investigated. Morphological and elemental analysis of the exposed films was done using SEM and EDX, respectively. Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) was introduced as a polymeric binder and protective agent in order to prevent the exposure of the AgNW surface to corrosive agents in air. A TCE with a sheet resistance of 47.50 Ω/sq and transmittance of 89.70% at 550 nm without any harsh post-treatments, was demonstrated. These electrodes were used to fabricate a transparent flexible touch screen.

scholarly journals High Brightness Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Capillary-Welded Hybrid Diameter Silver Nanowire/Graphene Layers as Electrodes

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua Zhang ◽  
Yiru Li ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Huaying Hu ◽  
Bin Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Composite Electrode ◽  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Silver Nanowire ◽  
Composite Electrodes ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Graphene Layers ◽  
Graphene Composite ◽  
Organic Light

The development of silver nanowire electrodes is always limited due to some disadvantages, such as roughness, oxidative properties, and other disadvantages. In this research, a capillary-welded silver nanowire/graphene composite film was used as an electrode for organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices. As an encapsulation layer, graphene reduced the surface roughness and the oxidation probability of silver nanowires. The composite electrode showed an excellent transmittance of 91.5% with low sheet resistant of 26.4 ohm/sq. The devices with the silver nanowire/graphene composite electrode emitted green electroluminescence at 516 nm, and the turn-on voltage was about 3.8 V. The maximum brightness was 50810 cd/cm2, which is higher than the indium tin oxide-based (ITO-based) devices with the same configuration. Finally, it was proved that the silver nanowire/graphene composite electrodes possessed better heat dissipation than the ITO-based ones under energization. In summary, it means that this novel silver nanowires/graphene electrode has great potential in OLED device applications.

scholarly journals Stability and Compatibility Studies of Levothyroxine Sodium in Solid Binary Systems—Instrumental Screening

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ionuț Ledeți ◽  
Mirabela Romanescu ◽  
Denisa Cîrcioban ◽  
Adriana Ledeți ◽  
Gabriela Vlase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Magnesium Stearate ◽  
Hydroxyethyl Cellulose ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflectance ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Narrow Therapeutic Index ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Anhydrous Lactose

The influence of excipients on the stability of sodium levothyroxine pentahydrate (LTSS) under ambient conditions and thermal stress was evaluated. Since LTSS is a synthetic hormone with a narrow therapeutic index, the interactions of LTSS with excipients can lead to a drastic diminution of therapeutic activity. Ten commonly used pharmaceutical excipients with different roles in solid formulations were chosen as components for binary mixtures containing LTSS, namely, starch, anhydrous lactose, D-mannitol, D-sorbitol, gelatin, calcium lactate pentahydrate, magnesium stearate, methyl 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose (Tylose), colloidal SiO2 (Aerosil) and talc. As investigational tools, universal attenuated total reflectance- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy UATR-FTIR spectroscopy and thermal analysis were chosen and used as follows: UATR-FTIR spectra were drawn up for samples kept under ambient conditions, while thermoanalytical tools (TG/DTG/HF data) were chosen to evaluate the inducing of interactions during thermal stress. The corroboration of instrumental results led to the conclusion that LTSS is incompatible with lactose, mannitol and sorbitol, and these excipients should not be considered in the development of new generic solid formulations.

Roll-to-roll printed silver nanowires for increased stability of flexible ITO-free organic solar cell modules

Nanoscale ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 318-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisele A. dos Reis Benatto ◽  
Bérenger Roth ◽  
Michael Corazza ◽  
Roar R. Søndergaard ◽  
Suren A. Gevorgyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Organic Solar Cell ◽  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Silver Nanowire ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
Front Electrode ◽  
Cell Modules ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Nanowire Networks

We report the stability test results of ITO-free OPV modules using roll-to-roll printed silver nanowire networks as front electrode.

scholarly journals Creep Compensation in an Electrostatic PDMS-Membrane Actuator with Flexible Silver Nanowire Electrodes

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (13) ◽  
pp. 1088
Author(s):  
Stefan Schierle ◽  
Nils Straub ◽  
Peter Woias ◽  
Frank Goldschmidtboeing
Keyword(s):  
Creep Rate ◽  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Silver Nanowire ◽  
Correction Function ◽  
Flexible Electrode ◽  
Viscoelastic Creep ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Center Deflection ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Actuator Design

An electrostatic membrane actuator with an elastomer membrane as movable part and silver nanowires (AgNWs) as flexible electrode material is built and characterized. A layered and modular actuator design facilitates simple and fast modification of actuator properties for characterization purposes. The tested actuators allow a membrane center deflection in the range of over 50 μm with applied voltages lower than 1 kV. The observable membrane center deflection exhibits a viscoelastic creep behavior. With the aim to achieve a more stable membrane deflection, a simple correction function was applied to the constant electrode voltage thus compensating the linear creep rate. With this method, the creep rate was changed from +0.27 μm/s to −0.08 μm/s. This method already improves the stability of the actuator deflection to a high degree.

scholarly journals High-yield synthesis of silver nanowires for transparent conducting PET films

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 624-632
Author(s):  
Gul Naz ◽  
Hafsa Asghar ◽  
Muhammad Ramzan ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
Rashid Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Hydroxyethyl Cellulose ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Mechanical Pressing ◽  
Pet Films

Silver nanowires (AgNWs) with ultrahigh purity and high yield were successfully synthesized by employing a modified facile polyol method using PVP as a capping and stabilizing agent. The reaction was carried out at a moderate temperature of 160 °C under mild stirring for about 3 h. The prepared AgNWs exhibited parallel alignment on a large scale and were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and PL spectroscopy. The luminescent AgNWs exhibited red emission, which was accredited to deep holes. The SEM results confirmed the formation of AgNWs of 3.3 to 4.7 µm in length with an average diameter of about 86 nm, that is, the aspect ratio values of the AgNWs exceeded 45. An ink consisting of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and AgNWs was transferred to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films by simple mechanical pressing. The PET films retained transparency and flexibility after the ink coating. The maximum transmittance value of as-prepared PET films in the visible region was estimated to be about 92.5% with a sheet resistance value of ca. 20 Ω/sq. This makes the films a potential substitute to commonly used expensive indium tin oxide (ITO) in the field of flexible optoelectronics.

scholarly journals Applications of Silver Nanowires on Transparent Conducting Film and Electrode of Electrochemical Capacitor

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Jun Song ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Jing-Yuan Wu ◽  
Tong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Electrochemical Capacitor ◽  
Silver Nanowire ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Conducting Film ◽  
Transparent Conducting Film ◽  
Transparent Conducting ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Charge Discharge

Silver nanowire has potential applications on transparent conducting film and electrode of electrochemical capacitor due to its excellent conductivity. Transparent conducting film (G-film) was prepared by coating silver nanowires on glass substrate using Meyer rod method, which exhibited better performance than carbon nanotube and graphene. The conductivity of G-film can be improved by increasing sintering temperature. Electrode of electrochemical capacitor (I-film) was fabricated through the same method with G-film on indium tin oxide (ITO). CV curves of I-film under different scanning rates had obvious redox peaks, which indicated that I-film exhibited excellent electrochemical pseudocapacitance performance and good reversibility during charge/discharge process. In addition, the specific capacitance of I-film was measured by galvanostatic charge/discharge experiments, indicating that I-film exhibits high special capacitance and excellent electrochemical stability.

scholarly journals Highly Ordered Arrays of Silver Nanowires for Transparent Conducting PET Film 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gul Naz ◽  
Hafsa Asghar ◽  
Junaid Jalil ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
Rashid Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Hydroxyethyl Cellulose ◽  
High Yield ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Mechanical Pressing ◽  
Pet Film

Silver nanowires (AgNWs) with ultra-high purity and high yield are successfully synthesized by employing a modified facile polyol method using PVP as capping and stabilizing agent. The reaction is carried out at a moderate temperature of 140 °C and mild stirring rate for about 3 hours. The prepared AgNWs are characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-rays diffraction (XRD) and PL spectroscopy. The luminescent AgNWs exhibit red emission which is accredited to the deep holes. The SEM results confirm the formation of AgNWs of length ranging from 35 to 40 µm and an average diameter of about 86 nm, thus their aspect ratios exceed 400. The AgNWs and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) based ink is transferred to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film by simple mechanical pressing. The PET film has retained its transparency and flexibility after AgNWs ink coating. The % transmittance of as-prepared PET film is estimated to be about 92.5% with a lower sheet resistance value ~ 20 Ω, which can make it a potential substitute to commonly used expensive indium tin oxide (ITO) films in the field of optoelectronics.  

scholarly journals Fabrication and Investigating the Electrical and Optical Properties of Silver Nanowire/Indium Tin Oxide Transparent Conductive Electrodes  

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-62
Keyword(s):  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Silver Nanowire ◽  
Optical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Electrical And Optical Properties ◽  
Transparent Conductive Electrode ◽  
Direct Current Sputtering ◽  
Transparent Conductive Electrodes

In this study, we analyze the optical and electrical properties of silver nanowires/indium tin oxide transparent conductive electrode (TCE). Silver nanowire was synthesized by polyol method. ITO was deposited by direct-current sputtering. The diameter and length of the synthesized silver nanowire are in the range of 40-70 nm and 5-30 μm, respectively. The silver nanowire TCEs have a rather high resistance (~ 210 Ω /). After a layer of indium tin oxide sputtered on silver nanowire TCE, the resistance dropped sharply (~ 30.1 Ω/◻) corresponding to 84.1% transmittance at 550 nm. The figure of merit of this TCE is 68.3. This result shows that the fabricated silver naowire/indium tin oxide TCEs have great potential in application as window electrodes for solar cells and LED devices.

Structure, Stability and Water Adsorption on Ultra-Thin TiO2 Supported on TiN

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Julio Gutierrez Moreno ◽  
Marco Fronzi ◽  
Pierre Lovera ◽  
alan O'Riordan ◽  
Mike J Ford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional ◽  
Water Adsorption ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
Molecular Water ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Rutile Structure ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The One

<p></p><p>Interfacial metal-oxide systems with ultrathin oxide layers are of high interest for their use in catalysis. In this study, we present a density functional theory (DFT) investigation of the structure of ultrathin rutile layers (one and two TiO<sub>2</sub> layers) supported on TiN and the stability of water on these interfacial structures. The rutile layers are stabilized on the TiN surface through the formation of interfacial Ti–O bonds. Charge transfer from the TiN substrate leads to the formation of reduced Ti<sup>3+</sup> cations in TiO<sub>2.</sub> The structure of the one-layer oxide slab is strongly distorted at the interface, while the thicker TiO<sub>2</sub> layer preserves the rutile structure. The energy cost for the formation of a single O vacancy in the one-layer oxide slab is only 0.5 eV with respect to the ideal interface. For the two-layer oxide slab, the introduction of several vacancies in an already non-stoichiometric system becomes progressively more favourable, which indicates the stability of the highly non-stoichiometric interfaces. Isolated water molecules dissociate when adsorbed at the TiO<sub>2</sub> layers. At higher coverages the preference is for molecular water adsorption. Our ab initio thermodynamics calculations show the fully water covered stoichiometric models as the most stable structure at typical ambient conditions. Interfacial models with multiple vacancies are most stable at low (reducing) oxygen chemical potential values. A water monolayer adsorbs dissociatively on the highly distorted 2-layer TiO<sub>1.75</sub>-TiN interface, where the Ti<sup>3+</sup> states lying above the top of the valence band contribute to a significant reduction of the energy gap compared to the stoichiometric TiO<sub>2</sub>-TiN model. Our results provide a guide for the design of novel interfacial systems containing ultrathin TiO<sub>2</sub> with potential application as photocatalytic water splitting devices.</p><p></p>

scholarly journals Post-Processing Techniques for the Improvement of Liposome Stability

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1023
Author(s):  
Ji Young Yu ◽  
Piyanan Chuesiang ◽  
Gye Hwa Shin ◽  
Hyun Jin Park
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Additional Process ◽  
Spray Freeze Drying ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Self Aggregation ◽  
Liposome Stability

Liposomes have been utilized as a drug delivery system to increase the bioavailability of drugs and to control the rate of drug release at the target site of action. However, the occurrence of self-aggregation, coalescence, flocculation and the precipitation of aqueous liposomes during formulation or storage can cause degradation of the vesicle structure, leading to the decomposition of liposomes. To increase the stability of liposomes, post-processing techniques have been applied as an additional process to liposomes after formulation to remove water and generate dry liposome particles with a higher stability and greater accessibility for drug administration in comparison with aqueous liposomes. This review covers the effect of these techniques including freeze drying, spray drying and spray freeze drying on the stability, physicochemical properties and drug encapsulation efficiency of dry liposomes. The parameters affecting the properties of liposomes during the drying process are also highlighted in this review. In addition, the impact of using a protective agent to overcome such limitations of each process is thoroughly discussed through various studies.

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