Mathematical Model of Melting of Solid Sulfur Particles when Loaded into a Melting Bath

2020 ◽  
Vol 836 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Pavel V. Iakovlev ◽  
Vladimir A. Lebedev
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Melting Rate ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Liquid Sulfur ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Loading Device ◽  
Molten Liquid ◽  
Device Operation

The study solved the problem of determining the technological mode of operation of the device for loading solid lumpy and granulated sulfur into a melting bath with molten liquid sulfur. For this it is necessary to solve two main problems: to determine the method of loading solid sulfur into the melt, to calculate the main design and technological parameters to ensure the required performance of the smelting bath. As a result of experimental studies, the mode of operation of the loading device was obtained, during which the partial melting of the surface of sulfur particles in the surface layer of the melt occurred. This led to the adhesion of particles to each other, the formation of conglomerates having a size that is much larger compared with that of particles of the initial particle size distribution. As a result of this phenomenon, the melting rate and the melting bath were significantly reduced, filled with a solid phase. As a result of the study, a model was developed and the problem of calculating the limiting modes of the loading device operation was solved for preventing solid particles from sticking together.

scholarly journals Air column of pressure hydrocyclone with pneumatic regulator

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Yuri Kopanytsia
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Optimization Criterion ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Linear Character ◽  
Column Pressure ◽  
Air Column

A reliable non-contact pneumatic pressure regulator of a pressure hydrocyclone is offered. The regulator is installed in the area of ​​the sand nozzle. The pneumatic regulator of the standard pressure cylindrical-conical hydrocyclone provides non-contact thickening of the product in the area of ​​the sand nozzle. In the process of controlling the operation of the hydrocyclone along its axis, an air column is formed. Features of the regulator affect the formation of the air column of the hydrocyclone. The pressure in the air column is manometric. The task is to investigate the effect of pulp pressure at the inlet of the hydrocyclone, pulp thickening and air column pressure. Experimental studies were performed in the laboratory on a model of a standard industrial cylindrical-conical hydrocyclone HC360. The connection between the technological parameters of the hydrocyclone operation and the pressure in the air column has been studied. to establish possibilities of control of work of a hydrocyclone on pressure in an air column. The planning of the experiment in the laboratory on a hydrocyclone model was performed in the program Statgraphics Centurion XV. Experimental studies were performed for the optimal parameters of the angle and slit of the pneumatic regulator. The optimization criterion is chosen – the maximum effect of pulp thickening while minimizing local energy losses in the nozzle. In laboratory conditions, the change in pulp pressure and density at the inlet of the hydrocyclone over the entire operating range is simulated. The laboratory model of the hydrocyclone was made on a scale of M1:10. Flotation waste was used as pulp. Modeling of hydrocyclone operation as a part of water-sludge system at the concentrator is carried out. The density of the solid phase is 1500 kg/m3. The solids content at the inlet is 10 g/l. Samples were taken by volumetric measurement with a measuring vessel. A statistically significant relationship between the pressure in the air column of the hydrocyclone and the effect of pulp thickening in a standard cylindrical-conical hydrocyclone was established. The presence of the linear character of the dependence of the coefficient of thickening and pressure in the air column of the hydrocyclone with the pneumatic regulator is checked. The absence of a statistically significant effect of hydrocyclone supply pressure on the dependence of other selected factors was established. Experimental studies were carried out at the optimal design parameters of the pneumatic regulator according to the criteria of minimizing the loss of energy of air current in the nozzle and minimizing the volumetric flow of air.

scholarly journals Hydrodynamics features in cavitation devices under tangent medium input

2018 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Tetiana Vitenko ◽  
Paweł Droździel ◽  
Nazar Horodyskyi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Gas Bubbles ◽  
Hydrodynamic Cavitation ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Volume Increase ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Fluid Flow Modeling

Theoretically analysed design features of the working section of a hydrodynamic cavitation device with swirling input. Using the numerical methods of SolidWorks software and the Flow simulation module, fluid flow modeling was performed to describe similar processes. The comparison of the results of visual and experimental studies has been carried out. Visual observations indicate that the life cycle of vapor-gas bubbles and cavities in the design under study can be divided into several periods, in particular the formation of vapor-gas bubbles, their growth, generation of cavities, their volume increase, transformation and destruction. The influence of input and output hydrodynamic and technological parameters of the flow and design features on the character of the cavitation area and the form of cavitation were studied. According to the results of theoretical and experimental research, rational mode of operation of the cavitation device is proposed.

scholarly journals RESEARCH RESULTS ON IMPROVEMENT OF THE JUSTIFICATION METHODOLOGY OF THE PARAMETERS OF A PNEUMATIC VACUUM (AIRLIFT) PUMP UNIT

REPORTS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (336) ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
A. E. Aldiyarova ◽  
Ye. T. Kaipbayev ◽  
D. D. Tursynaly
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Pump Unit ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Unit Discharge ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Air Lift

The article discusses the methodology for substantiating the parameters and determining the technological and technical parameters of a pneumatic vacuum (air-lift) pump unit. The technology of water lifting from wells using a pneumatic vacuum (airlift) pumping unit for water supply of peasant and farm households has been substantiated. According to the results of theoretical and experimental studies, the optimal technological parameters are given: overpressure of compressed air created by the compressor at optimal heights of water lifting; specific gravity of the lifted water-air mixture; pump unit discharge Q; power consumption and efficiency of the pumping system and pump unit, water lifting height Н, diametrical dimension of the pump part DНЧ, permissible salinity and content of solid particles (sand) in it Мд, ambient air temperature for normal operation of the pump unit ТНР.

A possibility of using nickel concentrate, obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment of manganese-containing raw materials, at steel alloying

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 709-715
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Kichigina
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Nickel Iron ◽  
Nickel Recovery ◽  
Nickel Concentrate ◽  
Steel Alloying ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Comprehensive Processing

At production of stainless steel expensive alloying elements, containing nickel, are used. To decrease the steel cost, substitution of nickel during steel alloying process by its oxides is an actual task. Results of analysis of thermodynamic and experimental studies of nickel reducing from its oxide presented, as well as methods of nickel oxide obtaining at manganese bearing complex raw materials enrichment and practice of its application during steel alloying. Technology of comprehensive processing of complex manganese-containing raw materials considered, including leaching and selective extraction out of the solution valuable components: manganese, nickel, iron, cobalt and copper. Based on theoretical and experiment studies, a possibility of substitution of metal nickel by concentrates, obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment, was confirmed. Optimal technological parameters, ensuring high degree of nickel recovery out of the initial raw materials were determined. It was established, that for direct steel alloying it is reasonable to add into the charge pellets, consisting of nickel concentrate and coke fines, that enables to reach the through nickel recovery at a level of 90%. The proposed method of alloying steel by nickel gives a possibility to decrease considerably steel cost at the expense of application of nickel concentrate, obtained out of tails of hydrometallurgical enrichment of manganese-bearing raw materials, which is much cheaper comparing with the metal nickel.

Comparative Study on Compositions of Oil-Water Transition Layer before and after ClO2-Treatment Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 652-654 ◽  
pp. 749-752
Author(s):  
Dan Dan Yuan ◽  
Hong Jun Wu ◽  
Hai Xia Sheng ◽  
Xin Sui ◽  
Bao Hui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Transition Layer ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Settling Tank ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Viscosity Reduction ◽  
Insoluble Residue ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Oil Water

In order to meet the need of separating oil from water in the settling tank of the oilfield, ClO2 treatment for oil-water transition layer in settling tank is introduced. The field test displayed that the technique was achieved by a good performance. For understanding the oxidation and mechanism, compositions of oil-water transition layer were comparatively studied for before/after ClO2-treatment in this paper.The experimental results show that the compositions before and after ClO2-treatment, including physical structure and chemical composition, were varied in the great extension. The physical structure, consisting of water, oil and solid phase, was reduced to less than 5% of water and 0.5% of solid particle and increased to 95% of oil in layer compared with before-treatment, easily leading to clearly separating water from oil. The chemical composition of iron sulfide and acid insoluble substance in solid phase was decreased to more than 90% while the carbonate was reduced more than 70% . After the treatment, the viscosity reduction of the water phase in the layer was reached to 50% after oxidation demulsification with ClO2. The chemistry was discussed based on the principles and experiments. Due to ClO2 destroying (oxidizing) the rigid interface membrane structure which is supported by natural surfactant, polymer and solid particles with interface-active materials, the action accelerates the separating of water and oil and sedimentation of insoluble residue of acid in the layer. By demonstrating the experimental data and discussion, we can effectively control the oxidation performance of chlorine dioxide, which is very meaningful for oilfield on the aspect of stable production of petroleum.

Experimental Studies on Suspension of Solid Particles in a Low-Shear Stirred Vessel

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1581-1586 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Li ◽  
C. Yang ◽  
G. Zhang ◽  
Z.-S. Mao ◽  
H. Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Stirred Vessel ◽  
Low Shear

scholarly journals Effect of 2CaO·SiO2 particles addition on dephosphorization behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-227
Author(s):  
Aijun Deng ◽  
Yunjin Xia ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Dingdong Fan
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Slag ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Hot Metal ◽  
Liquid Silicate ◽  
Phase Complex ◽  
Dephosphorization Slag ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Complex Liquid

AbstractThe effect of the addition of 2CaO·SiO2 solid particles on dephosphorization behavior in carbon-saturated hot metal was investigated. The research results showed that the addition of 2CaO·SiO2 particles have little influence on desilication and demanganization, and the removal of [Si] and [Mn] occurred in the first 5 min with different conditions where the contents of 2CaO·SiO2 particles addition for the conditions 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are 0, 2.2, 6.4, 8.6, and 13.0 g, respectively. The final dephosphorization ratios for the conditions 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are 61.2%, 66.9%, 79.6%, 63.0%, and 78.1%, respectively. The dephosphorization ratio decreases with the increase of 2CaO·SiO2 particles in the first 3 min. The reason for this is that the dephosphorization process between hot metal and slag containing C2S phase consisted of two stages: Stage 1, [P] transfers from hot metal to liquid slag and Stage 2, the dephosphorization production (3CaO·P2O5) in liquid slag reacts with 2CaO·SiO2 to form C2S–C3P solid solution. The increase of 2CaO·SiO2 particles increases the viscosity of slag and weakens the dephosphorization ability of the stage 1. The SEM and XRD analyses show that the phase of dephosphorization slag with the addition of different 2CaO·SiO2 particles is composed of white RO phase, complex liquid silicate phase, and black solid phase (C2S or C2S–C3P). Because the contents of C2S–C3P and 2CaO·SiO2 in slag and the dephosphorization ability of the two stages are different, the dephosphorization ability with different conditions is different.

Ca isotope fractionation upon synthesis of carbonated apatite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Böttcher ◽  
Nikolaus Gussone ◽  
Anika C. Conrad ◽  
Iris Schmiedinger ◽  
Jens Fiebig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Apatite Formation ◽  
Calcium Isotope ◽  
Hydroxy Apatite ◽  
Carbonated Apatite ◽  
Batch Type ◽  
Synthetic Calcite

<p>Carbonated hydroxy-apatite (CHAP) was experimentally synthesized in batch-type set-ups by mixing of calcium (Ca)- and phosphate-bearing aqueous solutions and the transformation of calcite powder in aqueous solution between 11° and 65°C (Gussone et al., 2020). Compositional changes of the experimental solution and solid phase products were followed by elemental analysis, Raman spectroscopy, scanning-electron microscopy, and powder XRD. In the mixing experiments, crystallization of CHAP took place following the precipitation of metastable brushite as precursor that was then transformed into CHAP. In the transformation experiments using synthetic calcite as a precursor phase it was found that the reaction at pH values between 7.5 and 7.9 occurs via the direct replacement of calcium carbonate by CHAP.</p><p>Calcium isotope fractionation led to an enrichment of the light isotope in the solid CHAP compared to the aqueous solution by about -0.5 to -1.1 ‰, independent from the experimental approach, and the magnitude was essentially independent of temperature. The metastable brushite formed prior to transformation to CHAP showed a reduced fractionation compared to the CHAP. The observed Ca isotope fractionation into the CHAP lattice resembles that of natural phosphorites and lies within the range of the view existing theoretical and experimental studies.</p><p> </p><p>Reference: Gussone N., Böttcher M.E., Conrad A.C., Fiebig J., Pelz M., Grathoff G., Schmidt B.C. (2020) Calcium isotope fractionation upon experimental apatite formation. Chem. Geol., 551, 119737</p><p>The study was supported by German Science Foundation (DFG) to M.E.B and J.F. within the EXCALIBOR project (BO1548/8 and FI 948/7), and to N.G. (GU1035/10), and by Leibniz IOW.</p>

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF THE OF BULK MATERIAL MOVEMENT PROCESS IN THE INACTIVE ZONE BETWEEN SCREW SECTIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-268
Author(s):  
O.M. Trokhaniak ◽  
R.B. Hevko ◽  
O.L. Lyashuk ◽  
T.A. Dovbush ◽  
B.V. Pohrishchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Screw Conveyor ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Movement Process ◽  
Curved Paths ◽  
Agricultural Materials

The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of the process of moving bulk material in the inactive zone between hinged screw sections of a flexible screw conveyor. The influence of the gap between the edges of adjacent screw sections and the magnitude of their circular displacement on the process of continuous transportation of bulk material is presented. The results of theoretical and experimental studies are compared. This will allow choosing the optimal design, kinematic and technological parameters of the developed sectional screw working body when transporting bulk agricultural materials along curved paths, both in horizontal and inclined directions, as well as along curved paths.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WOOD-FIBER MATERIALS

2020 ◽  
pp. 451-457
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Yur'yevich Vititnev ◽  
Yuriy Davydovich Alashkevich ◽  
Natal'ya Geral'dovna Chistova ◽  
Roman Aleksandrovich Marchenko ◽  
Venera Nurullovna Matygullina
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Fiber Materials ◽  
Traditional Construction

This paper presents the results of experimental studies of the physical and mechanical properties of wood-fiber boards of the wet production method when regulating the design and technological parameters of the grinding process. This allowed us to determine the influence of the working clearance between the grinding discs and the concentration of fibre mass with the subject to of quality change wood fiber after defibrator using the developed construction of the disc fibrillation action on the physico-mechanical properties of boards. As a result of the experiment, regression models were obtained that adequately describe the studied grinding process and allow predicting the values of physical and mechanical properties of the finished product depending on the established  parameters process. A comparative analysis of the size and quality characteristics of the fiber semi-finished product and its fractional composition when using a developed construction the disc of refiner fibrillation action and a traditional design used in industry is carried out. The preferential efficiency of the grinding process under the fibrillating effect the disc of refiner in comparison with the traditional construction disc of refiner is established. As a result, there is a significant improvement in the quality indicators of the fiber semi-finished product and its composition due to the formation and predominance in the total mass of long and thin, respectively, flexible fibrillated fibers with high tile-forming properties, which allows to increase the strength properties of the product (by 20–25%), without using binding resins.

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