Novel Waste Processing by Means of Mechanochemical Treatment

2007 ◽  
Vol 561-565 ◽  
pp. 1569-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Wu Zhang ◽  
Fumio Saito
Keyword(s):  
Acid Solution ◽  
Rare Earths ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Water Leaching ◽  
Great Expectation ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Dry Grinding

As the extension of mineral processing, recycling metals from wastes is very important for a sustainable society. We have been working on mechanochemistry and its engineering applications. One of the applications is to recover and separate useful components from different kinds of wastes emitted in our society. When a waste sample is subjected to grinding in air so called mechanical treatment, it changes its structure to disordered system, resulting in chemical reactions with other substances when it takes over the certain level of energy. Depending on the existing states of target elements in the wastes, mechanical activation and mechanochemical (MC) reaction can be applied for the recycling of useful compositions and a process based on MC treatment has been developed. We will report several examples from our research experiences at the conference. The first example is to recover rare earths from fluorescent powders in waste lamps. The waste is firstly subjected to dry grinding to cause amorphization of their structures. This amorphization makes it possible to dissolve the rare earths from the waste at high yield by leaching with mild acid solution at room temperature. Similar phenomenon can be seen in the case of ITO (indium tin oxide) scrap when it is ground, followed by leaching with acid solution. In this case, dry grinding the scrap induces disordering the In2O3 in the scrap, leading to high dissolution of In2O3 by leaching with weak acid solution at room temperature. The presence of alumina (α-Al2O3) in the scrap plays a significant role to the amorphization. Another advanced waste processing is to recover molybdenum (Mo), vanadium (V) and nickel (Ni) sulphide in catalysts in oil refineries. The processing is based on MC reactions between the sulphides and additives. That is, the sulphides are subjected to dry grinding with additives such as CaO, MnO2 and Na2CO3 to transform them into molybdate and vanadate. Subsequent water leaching allows us to recover Mo and V from the ground product. Other successful example is dry grinding metals or their oxides with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to transform into chlorides, which dissolve easily in water at ambient condition. The waste processing described above is now in the investigation on industrial applications, and this is a great expectation in the field of industries which emit such waste materials.

scholarly journals Room-Temperature Solution-Processed 0D/1D Bilayer Electrodes for Translucent CsPbBr3 Perovskite Photovoltaics

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1489
Author(s):  
Bhaskar Parida ◽  
Saemon Yoon ◽  
Dong-Won Kang
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Plasma Damage ◽  
Temperature Solution ◽  
Ito Nanoparticles

Materials and processing of transparent electrodes (TEs) are key factors to creating high-performance translucent perovskite solar cells. To date, sputtered indium tin oxide (ITO) has been a general option for a rear TE of translucent solar cells. However, it requires a rather high cost due to vacuum process and also typically causes plasma damage to the underlying layer. Therefore, we introduced TE based on ITO nanoparticles (ITO-NPs) by solution processing in ambient air without any heat treatment. As it reveals insufficient conductivity, Ag nanowires (Ag-NWs) are additionally coated. The ITO-NPs/Ag-NW (0D/1D) bilayer TE exhibits a better figure of merit than sputtered ITO. After constructing CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells, the device with 0D/1D TE offers similar average visible transmission with the cells with sputtered ITO. More interestingly, the power conversion efficiency of 0D/1D TE device was 5.64%, which outperforms the cell (4.14%) made with sputtered-ITO. These impressive findings could open up a new pathway for the development of low-cost, translucent solar cells with quick processing under ambient air at room temperature.

scholarly journals ZnO/RGO Heterojunction Based near Room Temperature Alcohol SENSOR with Improved Efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Sanghamitra Ghosal ◽  
Partha Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Surface Engineering ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Energy Band Diagram ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Ethanol Sensor ◽  
Vapor Sensing

The systematic optimization of surface engineering (dimensionality) indeed plays a crucial role in achieving efficient vapor-sensing performance. Among various semiconducting metal oxides, owing to some of its unique features and advantages, ZnO has attracted researchers on a global scale due to its application in various fields, including chemical sensors. The concomitant optimization of the surface attributes (varying different dimensions) of ZnO have become a sensation for the entire research community. Moreover, the small thickness and extremely large surface of exfoliated 2D nanosheets render the gas sensing material an ideal candidate for achieving strong coupling with different gas molecules. However, temperature is a crucial factor in the field of chemical sensing. Recently, graphene-based gas sensors have attracted attention due to their variety of structures, unique sensing performances and room temperature working conditions. In this work, a highly sensitive and fast responsive low temperature (60 °C)-based ethanol sensor, based on RGO/2D ZnO nanosheets hybrid structure, is reported. After detailed characterizations, the vapor sensing potentiality of this sensor was tested for the detection of ethanol. The ethanol sensor offered the response magnitude of 89% (100 ppm concentration) with response and recovery time of 12 s/29 s, respectively. Due to excessively high number of active sites for VOC interaction, with high yield synthesis process and appreciably high carrier mobility, this has paved the way for developing future generation, miniaturized and flexible (wearable) vapor sensor devices, meeting the multidimensional requirements for traditional and upcoming (health/medical sector) applications. The underlying mechanistic framework for vapor sensing, using this hybrid junction, is explained with the Energy Band Diagram.

scholarly journals Direct measurement of the thermoelectric properties of electrochemically deposited Bi2Te3 thin films

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Recatala-Gomez ◽  
Pawan Kumar ◽  
Ady Suwardi ◽  
Anas Abutaha ◽  
Iris Nandhakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Thermoelectric Properties ◽  
Bismuth Telluride ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Seed Layer ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Temperature Heat ◽  
Electrochemically Deposited

Abstract The best known thermoelectric material for near room temperature heat-to-electricity conversion is bismuth telluride. Amongst the possible fabrication techniques, electrodeposition has attracted attention due to its simplicity and low cost. However, the measurement of the thermoelectric properties of electrodeposited films is challenging because of the conducting seed layer underneath the film. Here, we develop a method to directly measure the thermoelectric properties of electrodeposited bismuth telluride thin films, grown on indium tin oxide. Using this technique, the temperature dependent thermoelectric properties (Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity) of electrodeposited thin films have been measured down to 100 K. A parallel resistor model is employed to discern the signal of the film from the signal of the seed layer and the data are carefully analysed and contextualized with literature. Our analysis demonstrates that the thermoelectric properties of electrodeposited films can be accurately evaluated without inflicting any damage to the films.

Fabrication of Micro-OLEDs by Room-temperature Curing Nanocontact-print Lithography Using DLC Molds

2012 ◽  
Vol 1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ippei Ishikawa ◽  
Keisuke Sakurai ◽  
Shuji Kiyohara ◽  
Taisuke Okuno ◽  
Hideto Tanoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Nanoimprint Lithography ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Hole Transport ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Electron Transport Layer ◽  
Insulating Layer ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Light Emitting Devices ◽  
Ito Glass

ABSTRACTThe microfabrication technologiesfor organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) are essential to the fabrication of the next generation of light-emitting devices. The micro-OLEDs fabricated by room-temperature curing nanoimprint lithography (RTC-NIL) using diamond molds have been investigated. However, light emissions from 10 μm-square-dot OLEDs fabricated by the RTC-NIL method have not been uniform. Therefore, we proposed the fabrication of micro-OLEDs by room-temperature curing nanocontact-print lithography (RTC-NCL) using the diamond-like carbon (DLC) mold. The DLC molds used in RTC-NCL were fabricated by an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) oxygen ion shower with polysiloxane oxide mask in electron beam (EB) lithography technology. The mold patterns are square and rectangle dots which has 10 µm-width, 10 µm-width and50 µm-length, respectively. The height of the patterns is 500 nm. The DLC molds were used to form the insulating layer of polysiloxane in RTC-NCL. We carried out the RTC-NCL process using the DLC mold under the following optimum conditions: 0.1 MPa-pressure for coating DLC mold with polysiloxane film, 2.1 MPa-pressure for transferring polysiloxane from DLC mold pattern to indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate. We deposited N, N'-Diphenyl -N, N'-di (m-tolyl)benzidine (TPD) [40 nm-thickness] as hole transport layer / Tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminum (Alq3) [40 nm-thickness] as electron transport layer / Al [200 nm-thickness] as cathode on ITO glass substrateas anode in this order. We succeeded in formation of the insulating layer with square and rectangle dots which has 10 µm-width,10 µm-width and 50 µm-length, and operation of micro-OLEDs by RTC-NIL using DLC molds.

Synthesis of Carbon Tubule Nanocoils in High Yield Using Iron-Coated Indium Tin Oxide as Catalyst

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (Part 2, No. 12A) ◽  
pp. L1242-L1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Zhang ◽  
Yoshikazu Nakayama ◽  
Lujun Pan
Keyword(s):  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
High Yield

Solvent effect on simple and high yield synthesis of polydichlorophosphazene precursor Cl3PNSiMe3

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Büşra Çelebi ◽  
Ferda Hacıvelioğlu
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Effect ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Solvent Polarity ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Effect Of Solvent ◽  
Nonpolar Solvents

The effect of solvent polarity on the reaction of PCl5 with (Me3Si)2NH has been investigated and it is found that nonpolar solvents promote the formation of Cl3PNSiMe3, whereas the more polar chloroform gives unusual phosphazenes at room temperature.

Optical Degradation of Indium Tin Oxide Thin Films Induced by Hydrogen-Related Room Temperature Reduction

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (Part 2, No. 5B) ◽  
pp. L546-L548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Wan Ping Chen ◽  
Kei Chun Cheng ◽  
Helen Lai Wah Chan ◽  
Chung Loong Choy
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Oxide Thin Films ◽  
Temperature Reduction
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