Relationship between Particle Size and Martensitic Transformation in an Fe-30at%Ni Alloy

2010 ◽  
Vol 654-656 ◽  
pp. 146-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Nam ◽  
Tomoyuki Terai ◽  
Masashi Mino ◽  
Y. Aikawa ◽  
Tomoyuki Kakeshita
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Martensitic Transformation ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Cluster Size ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ni Alloy ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size ◽  
Isothermal Martensitic Transformation ◽  
Scanning Electron

We have investigated the effect of particle size on martensitic transformation by using single crystalline specimens of an Fe-30at%Ni alloy by scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation, X-ray diffraction(XRD), magnetic susceptibility and magnetization measurements. As a result, we have found that an athermal martensitic transformation changes to an isothermal martensitic transformation with decreasing particle size. Considering the result of the TTT diagram, we have estimated the driving force for the martensitic transformation and the cluster size for nucleation of the isothermal martensitic transformation based on the model previously proposed.

scholarly journals Preparation and Properties of Ginger Essential Oil β-Cyclodextrin/Chitosan Inclusion Complexes

Coatings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Li-Xia Wang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Small Particle Size ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Scanning Electron

The ginger essential oil/β-cyclodextrin (GEO/β-CD) composite, ginger essential oil/β-cyclodextrin/chitosan (GEO/β-CD/CTS) particles and ginger essential oil/β-cyclodextrin/chitosan (GEO/β-CD/CTS) microsphere were prepared with the methods of inclusion, ionic gelation and spray drying. Their properties were studied by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermo-gravimetry analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the particle size of GEO/β-CD composite was smaller than that of β-CD and GEO/β-CD/CTS particles were loose and porous, while the microsphere obtained by spray drying had certain cohesiveness and small particle size. Besides, results also indicated that β-CD/CTS could modify properties and improve the thermal stability of GEO, which would improve its application value in food and medical industries.

Preparation and Properties of CaF2 Nano-Powder

2016 ◽  
Vol 680 ◽  
pp. 257-260
Author(s):  
Meng Yun Dong ◽  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Jin Feng Xia ◽  
Hong Qiang Nian ◽  
Dan Yu Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nano Powder ◽  
Direct Precipitation ◽  
Scanning Electron

CaF2 nano-power was prepared by direct precipitation methods with Ca(NO3)2 and KF as raw materials. The influences of presintering temperature and sintering temperature on the particle size and distribution of CaF2 nano-power were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). This study provided an experimental method for preparation of CaF2 nano-power. The results show that the best presintering temperature of CaF2 nano-power is 500°C and the best sintering temperature of CaF2 ceramic is 900°C.

Different Cr Contents in Nanostructured Fe-Ni-Cr Alloys Prepared by Mechanical Alloying

2012 ◽  
Vol 531-532 ◽  
pp. 437-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi He ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
Jian Liang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Lattice Distortion ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Nanocrystalline Powders ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ball Milling Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

Fe-Ni-Cr alloy powders with the different components were prepared by Mechanical Alloying (MA). The phase structure, grain size, micro-strain and lattice distortion were determined with X-ray diffraction. The morphology and particle size of the powders were observed and analyzed using a field emission scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the Fe-Ni-Cr nanocrystalline powders could be obtained by MA. The ball milling time could be reduced with increasing amount of Cr, resulting the formation of Fe-Ni-Cr powders. With the increasing amount of Cr, the speed of Ni diffusion to Fe lattice approaching saturation became more rapid. The particle size got smaller as the ball milling went further; the extent of micro-strain and distortion of lattice intensified; the solid solubility of Ni and Cr in Fe was increased. Finally the super-saturated solid solution of Fe was obtained.

CYCLIC IMPROVEMENT OF LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 POLYHEDRAL SPINELS FOR 5.0 V LITHIUM ION BATTERIES

2010 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 185-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIAOYUN ZHAN ◽  
ZHAOHUI LI ◽  
JIAOJUN TANG ◽  
QIZHEN XIAO ◽  
GANGTIE LEI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Electrochemical Measurement ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Small Particle Size ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Highly crystallized and microsized particles of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 spinels with different morphologies have been successfully synthesized using polystyrene (PS) as the sacrificial template, and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical measurement. The spinels obtained at 700°C possess abundant porosity with about 200 nm in diameter, while the spinels calcined at 900°C exhibit a well-defined polyhedral morphology with particle size ranged from 0.2 to 2 μm. The materials prepared at 900°C display an excellent cycling performance due probably to better crystallinity and small particle size.

scholarly journals Synthesis of ZnO-CdO Nanocomposites

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
N. Sahu ◽  
◽  
R. K. Duchaniya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

The ZnO-CdO nanocomposite was prepared by sol-gel method by using their respective nitrates. It is a simple and low cost method to prepare nanocomposites. The drying temperature and drying period of prepared gel was varied during the synthesis process. The prepared samples were characterized by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), particle size analysis (PSA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) to get surface morphology, idea of getting particle of nanosized range so that further characterizations can be done, to study the optical property of synthesized nanocomposite and measure the band gap . The grain size determined by Scherrer’s formula was found to be between 30-50 nm.

Novel Tri-Cholesteryl Derivatives-Based Low Molecular Mass Organic Gelators with Multi-Stimuli Responsive Properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 836
Author(s):  
Min Xue ◽  
Chunmeng Yu ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
Hang Yu ◽  
Yu Fang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hcl Gas ◽  
Gel Phase ◽  
Scanning Electron

Two novel tri-cholesteryl derivatives 1 and 2 have been designed and prepared. Gelation tests in 30 liquids revealed that 1 is a more efficient gelator than 2. Interestingly, the gel of 1/cyclohexane shows a reversible sol–gel phase transition in response to a variety of disparate stimuli such as temperature, stress, and HCl gas. In particular, a fully reversible thixotropic property was observed, which has been rarely reported before. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H NMR measurements revealed that hydrogen bonding is an important driving force for the formation of the gel networks. The network structures of 1 and 2 in their cyclohexane gels were studied by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses, and possible packing models were proposed accordingly. The findings demonstrated in the present work suggest that there is a big potential for developing tri-cholesteryl derivatives into extraordinary low molecular mass gelators.

Synthesis, Structure and Properties of Super Fine LiMn2O4

2010 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 9-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Song ◽  
Bing Xu ◽  
De Xin Huang ◽  
Cai Xia Li ◽  
Qiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Electrode Material ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mechanochemical Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this paper, super fine LiMn2O4 powder was synthesized by mechanochemical method starting from Li2CO3 and Mn2O3. The structure, size and morphology of LiMn2O4 were explored with X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical properties of LiMn2O4 were studied in 2 mol/L (NH4)2SO4 solution. The result showed that pure spinel LiMn204 powder was prepared after 8h grinding with 3.0KW of power and the particle size was about 1µm. Cyclic vohammetry curve indicate LiMn2O4 electrode material has better capacitive performances.

Probing the isothermal δ→α' martensitic transformation in Pu-Ga with in situ x-ray diffraction

2010 ◽  
Vol 1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason R. Jeffries ◽  
Kerri J.M. Blobaum ◽  
Adam J. Schwartz ◽  
Hyunchae Cynn ◽  
Wenge Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Martensitic Transformation ◽  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Conditioning Treatment ◽  
Temperature Transformation ◽  
Isothermal Martensitic Transformation ◽  
Photon Source

AbstractThe time-temperature-transformation (TTT) curve for the δ → α′ isothermal martensitic transformation in a Pu-1.9 at. % Ga alloy exhibits an anomalous double-C curve. Recent work suggests that an ambient temperature conditioning treatment enables the lower-C curve. However, the mechanisms responsible for the double-C are still not fully understood. When the δ → α′ transformation is induced by pressure, an intermediate γ′ phase is observed in some alloys. It has been suggested that transformation at upper-C temperatures may proceed via this intermediate phase, while lower-C transformation progresses directly from δ to α′. To investigate the possibility of thermally induced transformation via the intermediate γ′ phase, in situ x-ray diffraction at the Advanced Photon Source was performed. Using transmission x-ray diffraction, the δ → α′ transformation was observed as a function of time and temperature in samples as thin as 30 μm. The intermediate γ′ phase was not observed at -120°C (upper-C curve) or -155 °C (lower-C curve). Results indicate that the bulk of the α′ phase forms relatively rapidly at -120 and -155 °C.

scholarly journals Manilkara zapota (Linn.) Seeds: A Potential Source of Natural Gum

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sudarshan Singh ◽  
Sunil B. Bothara
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Manilkara Zapota ◽  
Gel Permeation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Mucilage isolated from seeds of Manilkara zapota (Linn.) P. Royen syn. is a plant growing naturally in the forests of India. This mucilage is yet to be commercially exploited, and characterized as polymer. Various physicochemical methods like particle size analysis, scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis, gel permeation chromatography, X-ray diffraction spectrometry, zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy have been employed to characterize this gum in the present study. Particle size analyses suggest that mucilage has particle size in nanometer. Scanning electron microscopy analysis suggests that the mucilage has irregular particle size. The glass transition temperature of the gum was observed to be 138°C and 136°C by differential scanning calorimetry and differential thermal analysis, respectively. The thermogravimetric analysis suggested that mucilage had good thermal stability. The average molecular weight of mucilage was determined to be 379180, by gel permeation chromatography, while the viscosity of mucilage was observed to be 219.1 cP. The X-ray diffraction spectrometry pattern of the mucilage indicates a completely amorphous structure. Elemental analysis of the gum revealed the contents of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur to be 80.9 (%), 10.1 (%), 1.58 (%), and 512 (mg/kg), respectively. Mucilage had specific content of calcium, magnesium, potassium, lower concentrations of aluminum, cadmium, cobalt, lead, and nickel. The major functional groups identified from FT-IR spectrum include 3441 cm−1 (–OH), 1660 cm−1 (Alkenyl C–H & C=C Stretch), 1632 cm−1 (–COO–), 1414 cm−1 (–COO–), and 1219 cm−1 (–CH3CO). Analysis of mucilage by paper chromatography and 1D NMR, indicated the presence of rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, and fructose.

Preparation and Characterisation of Amorphous Silica from Alkali Wastewater Produced in Manufacturing Process of ZrOCl2

2011 ◽  
Vol 194-196 ◽  
pp. 2164-2168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bai Kun Wang ◽  
Hao Ding ◽  
Yun Xing Zheng ◽  
Ning Liang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Amorphous Silica ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Zirconium Oxychloride ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

The amorphous silica was prepared from the alkali wastewater rich in Na2O•nSiO2 produced in manufacturing process of zirconium oxychloride (ZrOCl2). The composition and microstructure of amorphous silica were studied by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscope, respectively. The results showed that the amorphous silica was mainly composed of uncrystallized substance, and the silica content was 96.4%. Its whiteness was 97.5% and the particle size was between 100nm and 200nm without agglomeration. The specific surface area of the amorphous silica was 531.9 m2/g, and its pore volume and diameter were 0.945 cm3/g and 4.94 nm, respectively.

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