The Polymerization and Performance of Fluorinated Acrylic Copolymer with Low Surface Energy

2011 ◽  
Vol 687 ◽  
pp. 562-566
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Zhan Ping Zhang ◽  
Yu Hong Qi ◽  
Xin Rui Gao
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Monomer Conversion ◽  
Ethyl Acrylate ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Acrylic Copolymer ◽  
Low Surface Energy ◽  
And Performance

Fluoro-polymer is of great importance as coating materials because of their excellent resistance to high temperature, chemicals and organic solvents. In the interest of researching low surface energy coating, a kind of copolymer was prepared by solution polymerization method, using methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and perfluoroalkyl ethyl acrylate whose length of fluorinated carbon chain was from 6 to12. Solid content, monomer conversion rate and viscosity of the copolymer were measured. Parallel experiments were separately carried out with different contents of initiator and fluorinated monomer. The results showed that the water contact angle of the film becomes bigger with the increase of the content of fluorinated monomer, with the biggest value in 108° when the content of fluorinated monomer content is 30 wt%, but only changing little after content of fluorinated monomer reaches up 15 wt%. The results indicated that the copolymer can offer the best property combination when the contents of fluorinated monomer and initiator were 15 wt% and 1.8 wt%.

scholarly journals Water modulates the lamellar structure and interlayer correlation of poly(perfluorooctyl acrylate) films: a specular and off-specular neutron scattering study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihisa Yamamoto ◽  
Yuji Higaki ◽  
Judith Thoma ◽  
Esther Kimmle ◽  
Ryohei Ishige ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Correlation Length ◽  
Ethyl Acrylate ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Vertical Correlation

AbstractComb-like polymers with pendant-like perfluorocarbon side chains self-assemble into smectic lamellae and have been extensively used as water-repellent, hydrophobic coating materials characterized by large water contact angles (θ > 120°). As poly(perfluorooctyl acrylate) films are “apparently hydrophobic” (θ > 120°), the interaction of such materials and water molecules has been largely overlooked. To unravel the molecular-level interactions between water and apparently hydrophobic polymers, specular and off-specular neutron scattering experiments were conducted at defined osmotic pressure ΠH2O. The poly{2-[(perfluorooctylethyl)carbamate]ethyl} acrylate (PFAUr-C8), which had a carbamate linker, transitioned to another lamellar phase at 89 °C. At T = 25 °C; the lamellar periodicity of PFAUr-C8 slightly increased with decreasing osmotic pressure, while the vertical correlation length increased. However, the poly[(perfluorooctyl)ethyl] acrylate (PFA-C8) that did not contain a carbamate linker directly transitioned to a disordered phase at 84 °C. The lamellar periodicity of PFA-C8 was largely independent of the osmotic pressure, suggesting that PFA-C8 was poorly hydrated. Remarkably, the vertical correlation length decreased with decreasing osmotic pressure. Because hydration facilitated by the linker modulated the smectic lamellae of the poly(perfluoroalkyl acrylate), water molecules could be used to optimize the self-assembly of apparently hydrophobic liquid crystalline polymers.

scholarly journals Nonthermal Plasma Treatment Improves Uniformity and Adherence of Cyclodextrin-Based Coatings on Hydrophobic Polymer Substrates

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1056
Author(s):  
Greg D. Learn ◽  
Emerson J. Lai ◽  
Horst A. von Recum
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Nonthermal Plasma ◽  
Energy Substrates ◽  
Low Surface Energy ◽  
Lap Shear ◽  
Plasma Effects ◽  
Coating Uniformity ◽  
And Performance

Low surface energy substrates, which include many plastics and polymers, present challenges toward achieving uniform, adherent coatings, thus limiting intended coating function. These inert materials are common in various applications due to favorable bulk, despite suboptimal surface, properties. The ability to functionally coat low surface energy substrates holds broad value for uses across medicine and industry. Cyclodextrin-based materials represent an emerging, widely useful class of coatings, which have previously been explored for numerous purposes involving sustained release, enhanced sorption, and reversible reuse thereof. In this study, substrate exposure to nonthermal plasma was explored as a novel means to improve uniformity and adherence of cyclodextrin-based polyurethane coatings upon unreceptive polypropylene substrates. Plasma effects on substrates were investigated using contact angle goniometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Plasma impact on coating uniformity was assessed through visualization directly and microscopically. Plasma effects on coating adhesion and bonding were studied with mechanical lap-shear testing and XPS, respectively. Substrate surface wettability and oxygen content increased with plasma exposure, and these modifications were associated with improved coating uniformity, adhesion, and interfacial covalent bonding. Findings demonstrate utility of, and elucidate mechanisms behind, plasma-based surface activation for improving coating uniformity, adherence, and performance on inert polymeric substrates.

scholarly journals Influence of Hydrophobic Coating on Freeze-Thaw Cycle Resistance of Cement Mortar

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Zijian Song ◽  
Zhongyuan Lu ◽  
Zhenyu Lai
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Mass Loss Rate ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Hydrophobic Coating ◽  
Low Surface Energy ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Cement Based Materials

Due to the porous characteristics of cement-based materials, they are often corroded by salt solutions, which results in decreased durability, especially against damage under freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs). Improving surface properties is an effective way to improve the durability of these materials. In this study, a hydrophobic coating was applied to the surface of cement mortar by chemical modification of low surface energy materials. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) showed that low surface energy substances are linked to hydration products through chemical bonds. A water contact angle test indicates that the surface of cement mortar changed from hydrophilic (θ = 14°) to hydrophobic (θ = 140°) after chemical modification. The cumulative water uptake of hydrophobic samples decreased by 90%. Meanwhile, the wear resistance of the hydrophobic coatings was excellent. Compared with the baseline sample, mass loss rate, flexural strength, and compressive strength of hydrophobic coating samples increased several-fold in the FTC test. Microstructural changes of the mortar were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that a hydrophobic coating can significantly improve the freeze-thaw resistance of cement-based materials. The formation of a hydrophobic layer on the surface of cement-based materials can improve their durability. The research results not only have applications in civil engineering but will also have great impact in the restoration of historic structures.

Study on Fluorocarbon Antifouling Coatings with Low Surface Energy

2011 ◽  
Vol 689 ◽  
pp. 445-449
Author(s):  
Chun Hong Qiu ◽  
Yu Hong Qi ◽  
Zhan Ping Zhang ◽  
Hui Gao
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Water Contact Angle ◽  
Dynamic Testing ◽  
Marine Diatom ◽  
Silicone Resin ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Antifouling Coating ◽  
Low Surface Energy ◽  
Antifouling Coatings

To develop non-toxic marine antifouling coating, a series of antifouling coatings were prepared based on fluorocarbon copolymer. Based on the measurement of roughness and water contact angle, the attachment test of marine diatom and bacteria before and after dynamic testing in seawater, it has been investigated that the influence of three functional fillings and silicone resin on the performance of the antifouling coatings with low surface energy. The erosion rate of the coatings was measured by the samples rotated 72h at the 12 knots of simulating sailing speed. The results showed that the roughness of coatings changes from 0.2um to 3um, it does influenced slightly by the rotating test. Water contact angle of all coatings is about 100° before rotating test. It decreases to about 70° after the rotating test in seawater. Due to the increase of surface energy of the coatings, both the amount of diatom and bacteria on samples increases after rotating test in seawater.

Preparation of Low-Surface-Energy Poly[2-(perfluorooctyl)ethyl acrylate] Microparticles and Its Application to Liquid Marble Formation†

Langmuir ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1269-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Matsukuma ◽  
Hirohmi Watanabe ◽  
Hiroki Yamaguchi ◽  
Atsushi Takahara
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Ethyl Acrylate ◽  
Low Surface Energy ◽  
Liquid Marble

Development of non-fluorine superhydrophobic textiles using polypropylene resins

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (19-20) ◽  
pp. 4015-4027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Yoon Kim ◽  
Changsang Yun ◽  
Chung Hee Park
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Water Contact Angle ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Low Surface Energy ◽  
Develop Environment

This study aims to develop environment-friendly superhydrophobic textiles forming nanoparticles of polypropylene that have intrinsically low surface energy, and thus achieving the requirements for superhydrophobicity, such as hierarchical roughness and low surface energy at once. This work mainly studies the influences of tacticity (isotactic, atactic), concentration (10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/ml), drying temperature (30℃ and 70℃) and the mixing ratio of the solvent/non-solvent (9:1, 8:2, 7:3 and 6:4) on the coating morphology and wettability. In the case of isotactic polypropylene, the optimal condition showing the water contact angle of 173° and the water shedding angle of 4° was at 70℃ drying temperature, 30 mg/ml concentration and 6:4 solvent/non-solvent mixing ratio. Amorphous polypropylene showed the water contact angle of 163° and the water shedding angle of 9° at the condition of 30℃ drying temperature, 40 mg/ml concentration and 8:2 solvent/non-solvent mixing ratio. It was revealed that superhydrophobicity by amorphous polypropylene was exhibited at lower drying temperature and lower mixing ratio for the non-solvent. This is attributed to the different evaporation temperature or speed of the solvent/non-solvent mixing according to the tacticity of polypropylene. This study demonstrated that environmental-friendliness was improved in that superhydrophobic textiles were developed without fluorine compounds, maintaining vapor permeability. This study also developed a finishing method using amorphous polypropylene under a mild condition in terms of drying temperature and solvent toxicity, which is expected to be applicable not only to polyester but also to various fabrics.

scholarly journals Preparation of UV-Curable Low Surface Energy Polyurethane Acrylate/Fluorinated Siloxane Resin Hybrid Coating with Enhanced Surface and Abrasion Resistance Properties

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1388
Author(s):  
Jianping Zhou ◽  
Chunfang Zhu ◽  
Hongbo Liang ◽  
Zhengyue Wang ◽  
Hailong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Hybrid Film ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Annealed Film ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Uv Curable ◽  
Polyurethane Acrylate ◽  
Low Surface Energy

Low surface energy coatings have gained considerable attention due to their superior surface hydrophobic properties. However, their abrasion resistance and sustainability of surface hydrophobicity are still not very satisfactory and need to be improved. In this work, a series of utraviolet (UV)-curable fluorosiloxane copolymers were synthesized and used as reactive additives to prepare polyurethane acrylate coatings with low surface energy. The effect of the addition of the fluorinated graft copolymers on the mechanical durability and surface hydrophobicity of the UV-cured hybrid films during the friction-annealing treatment cycles was investigated. The results show that introducing fluorosiloxane additives can greatly enhance surface hydrophobicity of the hybrid film. With addition of 2 wt.% fluorosiloxane copolymers, the water contact angle (WCA) value of the hybrid film was almost tripled compared to that of the pristine PU film, increasing from 58° to 144°. The hybrid film also showed enhanced abrasion resistance and could withstand up to about 60 times of friction under a pressure of 20 kPa. The microstructure formed in the annealed film was found to contribute much to achieve better surface hydrophobicity. The polyurethane acrylate/fluorinated siloxane resin hybrid film prepared in this study exhibits excellent potential for applications in the low surface energy field.

scholarly journals Nanofabrication of Diamond-like Carbon Templates for Nanoimprint Lithography

2006 ◽  
Vol 956 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Tao ◽  
S. Ramachandran ◽  
C. T. Nelson ◽  
L. J. Overzet ◽  
M. J. Goeckner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Nanoimprint Lithography ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Diamond Like Carbon ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Low Surface Energy

ABSTRACTDiamond like carbon (DLC) films were deposited on Si and then patterned to form 40 nm features as nanoimprint templates. A plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) system with CH4 precursor was used to deposit DLC films on Si and quartz substrates. Then these films were characterized using Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), nanoindentation, and contact angle measurement. By varying the RF power and pressure of the PECVD, DLC films with good uniformity, smooth surfaces (<0.2 nm RMS), low surface energy (∼40 mJ/m2), and high hardness (∼22 GPa) were achieved. Nanoimprint lithography and liftoff process were used to pattern Cr mask on DLC films. An inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching process was performed with CF4 to transfer the patterns into the DLC films to form nanostructured template for nanoimprint. Water contact angles on the patterned DLC templates were measured and it was stable at about 70° under thermal annealing at 180 °C for more than 12 hours. With these DLC templates, UV and reversal UV nanoimprint lithography were carried out on SU-8 at typical imprint conditions and then the fidelity of pattern-transfer was investigated. These experimental results indicate that DLC is an excellent material for nanoimprint templates because of its high wear resistance, robust low surface energy, UV transparency, and ease of patterning.

Cytocompatibility of Carbon Nanofiber Materials for Neural Applications

2003 ◽  
Vol 774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice L. McKenzie ◽  
Michael C. Waid ◽  
Riyi Shi ◽  
Thomas J. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Pc 12 Cells ◽  
Low Surface Energy ◽  
Poly Carbonate

AbstractSince the cytocompatibility of carbon nanofibers with respect to neural applications remains largely uninvestigated, the objective of the present in vitro study was to determine cytocompatibility properties of formulations containing carbon nanofibers. Carbon fiber substrates were prepared from four different types of carbon fibers, two with nanoscale diameters (nanophase, or less than or equal to 100 nm) and two with conventional diameters (or greater than 200 nm). Within these two categories, both a high and a low surface energy fiber were investigated and tested. Astrocytes (glial scar tissue-forming cells) and pheochromocytoma cells (PC-12; neuronal-like cells) were seeded separately onto the substrates. Results provided the first evidence that astrocytes preferentially adhered on the carbon fiber that had the largest diameter and the lowest surface energy. PC-12 cells exhibited the most neurites on the carbon fiber with nanodimensions and low surface energy. These results may indicate that PC-12 cells prefer nanoscale carbon fibers while astrocytes prefer conventional scale fibers. A composite was formed from poly-carbonate urethane and the 60 nm carbon fiber. Composite substrates were thus formed using different weight percentages of this fiber in the polymer matrix. Increased astrocyte adherence and PC-12 neurite density corresponded to decreasing amounts of the carbon nanofibers in the poly-carbonate urethane matrices. Controlling carbon fiber diameter may be an approach for increasing implant contact with neurons and decreasing scar tissue formation.

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