Investigation of Tensile Strength of Composite Laminate under Diverse Environment Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 813 ◽  
pp. 169-180
Author(s):  
Hyoung Seock Seo ◽  
Ho Yun Jang ◽  
Ho Hwan Chun
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Water Spray ◽  
Diverse Environment ◽  
Exposure Experiment ◽  
Xenon Light ◽  
Mechanical Tensile

To investigate ocean environmental effects of salt water and xenon light, salt water spray test and xenon test were performed on long immersion hours. CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer) specimens were prepared for salt water spray experiment, xenon light exposure experiment and mechanical tensile tests. The composite specimens with total 15 layers were manufactured with diverse fiber orientations of [0°]15, [90°]15 and [0°3/+45°2/-45°2/90°/-45°2/+45°2/0°3]. After applying environmental conditions, the tensile strength was compared with the tensile strength without environmental conditions. The influence of different fiber orientation was also investigated, respectively. Finally, the results showed that the tensile strength of composite specimens was affected by salt water and xenon light clearly.

scholarly journals Effect of Fibers Configuration and Thickness on Tensile Behavior of GFRP Laminates Exposed to Harsh Environment

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bazli ◽  
Ashrafi ◽  
Jafari ◽  
Zhao ◽  
Raman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Vapor Condensation ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Chopped Strand Mat

The present study indicates the importance of using glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminates with appropriate thickness and fibers orientation when exposed to harsh environmental conditions. The effect of different environmental conditions on tensile properties of different GFRP laminates is investigated. Laminates were exposed to three environmental conditions: (1) Freeze/thaw cycles without the presence of moisture, (2) freeze/thaw cycles with the presence of moisture and (3) UV radiation and water vapor condensation cycles. The effect of fiber configuration and laminate thickness were investigated by considering three types of fiber arrangement: (1) Continuous unidirectional, (2) continuous woven and (3) chopped strand mat and two thicknesses (2 and 5 mm). Microstructure and tensile properties of the laminates after exposure to different periods of conditioning (0, 750, 1250 and 2000 h) were studied using SEM and tensile tests. Statistical analyses were used to quantify the obtained results and propose prediction models. The results showed that the condition comprising UV radiation and moisture condition was the most aggressive, while dry freeze/thaw environment was the least. Furthermore, the laminates with chopped strand mat and continuous unidirectional fibers respectively experienced the highest and the lowest reductions properties in all environmental conditions. The maximum reductions in tensile strength for chopped strand mat laminates were about 7%, 32%, and 42% in the dry freeze/thaw, wet freeze/thaw and UV with moisture environments, respectively. The corresponding decreases in the tensile strength for unidirectional laminates were negligible, 17% and 23%, whereas those for the woven laminates were and 7%, 24%, and 34%.

scholarly journals Measurement and calculation of the parameters of mechanical properties of silicone rubber

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
S.A. Muslov ◽  
◽  
D.I. Polyakov ◽  
A.I. Lotkov ◽  
A.G. Stepanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Fracture Deformation ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Hyperelastic Model ◽  
Mechanical Tensile ◽  
Model C

The measurement and calculation of the mechanical properties of silicone rubber used for the manufacture of a prosthesis for the auricle of patients based on dental CAD/CAM systems, using a hybrid technology that includes traditional and digital methods of manufacturing medical devices were performed. Mechanical tensile tests were carried out in a climatic chamber at various temperatures: -20; 0; 25; 40 °C. All mechanical characteristics of silicone rubber lay in a very limited range of values and monotonically decreased with increasing test temperature from -20 to + 45°C. At the same time, the elastic characteristics (elastic modulus) decreased by 1.55, deformation (fracture deformation) - by 1.98, strength (tensile strength) - by 2.37 times. The average values of tensile strength were 6.54 MPa, fracture deformation - 1480.61%, modulus of elasticity - 0.53 MPa, and temperature gradient: 0.08 MPa/deg, 14.8%/deg and 0.004 MPa/deg, respectively. In the framework of the Mooney - Rivlin hyperelastic model, the coefficients of the model C 01 and C 10 are determined, which can be used as parameters when performing simulation modeling of the stress-strain state of prostheses. Based on the data obtained, an assessment was made of the cross-linked density of the silicone rubber material as a synthetic polymer. It turned out to be equal to 0.49.

Creation of Basalt Plastics with Different Types of Hybrid Matrices

2021 ◽  
Vol 1037 ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Kosenko ◽  
Natalya Baurova ◽  
Vladimir Zorin
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Organosilicon Polymer ◽  
Deformation Properties ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Plastic Matrix ◽  
Mechanical Tensile ◽  
Technology Of Production

Basalt plastic, thanks to its complex of valuable operational properties, has a potential variety of applications. the article describes the technology of production of basalt plastics with various types of hybrid matrices, one of the components of which is cured in the molding process, and the second-like a binder in natural materials, retains its viscoelastic state. The viscoelastic component makes it possible to increase the deformation properties in the zones of their location, preventing cracking under increased loads. As a result of the conducted mechanical tensile tests, the average values of absolute breaking forces, tensile strength and elongation during fracture of basalt plastic samples with different types of hybrid matrices were obtained. The addition of viscoelastic components (such as technical wax, anaerobic, and organosilicon polymer materials) to the basalt plastic matrix allows to increase the elongation at fracture by 2...5%. Anaerobic polymer material in the basalt plastic matrix allows to increase the tensile strength of the composite material, as well as significantly reduce the dispersion of the measured values. This provides an effective prediction of the operational properties of the structural material in the design of products. On the basis of microanalysis of the structure of basalt plastics with different types of hybrid matrices, an explanation of the causes of changes in the mechanical properties of the resulting composite materials is given.

scholarly journals Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) exhibit positive phototaxis to white LED light

Polar Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-489
Author(s):  
Bjørn A. Krafft ◽  
Ludvig A. Krag
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Krill ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Euphausia Superba ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
White Led ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Positive Phototaxis ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Exposure Experiment

AbstractThe use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is increasingly used in fishing gears and its application is known to trigger negative or positive phototaxis (i.e., swimming away or toward the light source, respectively) for some marine species. However, our understanding of how artificial light influences behavior is poorly understood for many species and most studies can be characterized as trial and error experiments. In this study, we tested whether exposure to white LED light could initiate a phototactic response in Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). Trawl-caught krill were used in a controlled artificial light exposure experiment conducted onboard a vessel in the Southern Ocean. The experiment was conducted in chambers with dark and light zones in which krill could move freely. Results showed that krill displayed a significant positive phototaxis. Understanding this behavioral response is relevant to development of krill fishing technology to improve scientific sampling gear, improve harvest efficiency, and reduce potential unwanted bycatch.

scholarly journals Influence of Hydrostatic Extrusion on the Mechanical Properties of the Model Al-Mg Alloys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Towarek ◽  
Wojciech Jurczak ◽  
Joanna Zdunek ◽  
Mariusz Kulczyk ◽  
Jarosław Mizera
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Hydrostatic Extrusion ◽  
Microstructure Formation ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Degree Of Deformation ◽  
Al Mg Alloys

AbstractTwo model aluminium-magnesium alloys, containing 3 and 7.5 wt.% of Mg, were subjected to plastic deformation by means of hydrostatic extrusion (HE). Two degrees of deformation were imposed by two subsequent reductions of the diameter. Microstructural analysis and tensile tests of the materials in the initial state and after deformation were performed. For both materials, HE extrusion resulted in the deformation of the microstructure—formation of the un-equilibrium grain boundaries and partition of the grains. What is more, HE resulted in a significant increase of tensile strength and decrease of the elongation, mostly after the first degree of deformation.

scholarly journals Influence of Mechanical Vibration Moulding Process on the Tensile Properties of TiC Reinforced LM6 Alloy Composite Castings

2011 ◽  
Vol 66-68 ◽  
pp. 1207-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Sayuti ◽  
Shamsuddin Sulaiman ◽  
B.T. Hang Tuah Baharudin ◽  
M.K.A.M. Arifin ◽  
T.R. Vijayaram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Titanium Carbide ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Mechanical Vibration ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Alloy Matrix ◽  
Remarkable Effect ◽  
Moulding Process ◽  
Particulate Reinforced

Vibrational moulding process has a remarkable effect on the properties of castings during solidification processing of metals, alloys, and composites. This research paper discusses on the investigation of mechanical vibration mould effects on the tensile properties of titanium carbide particulate reinforced LM6 aluminium alloy composites processed with the frequencies of 10.2 Hz, 12 Hz and 14 Hz. In this experimental work, titanium carbide particulate reinforced LM6 composites were fabricated by carbon dioxide sand moulding process. The quantities of titanium carbide particulate added as reinforcement in the LM6 alloy matrix were varied from 0.2% to 2% by weight fraction. Samples taken from the castings and tensile tests were conducted to determine the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity. The results showed that tensile strength of the composites increased with an increase in the frequency of vibration and increasing titanium carbide particulate reinforcement in the LM6 alloy matrix.

scholarly journals Mimicking the Mechanical Properties of Aortic Tissue with Pattern-Embedded 3D Printing for a Realistic Phantom

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5042
Author(s):  
Jaeyoung Kwon ◽  
Junhyeok Ock ◽  
Namkug Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Human Aorta ◽  
Aortic Tissue ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Base Materials

3D printing technology has been extensively applied in the medical field, but the ability to replicate tissues that experience significant loads and undergo substantial deformation, such as the aorta, remains elusive. Therefore, this study proposed a method to imitate the mechanical characteristics of the aortic wall by 3D printing embedded patterns and combining two materials with different physical properties. First, we determined the mechanical properties of the selected base materials (Agilus and Dragonskin 30) and pattern materials (VeroCyan and TPU 95A) and performed tensile testing. Three patterns were designed and embedded in printed Agilus–VeroCyan and Dragonskin 30–TPU 95A specimens. Tensile tests were then performed on the printed specimens, and the stress-strain curves were evaluated. The samples with one of the two tested orthotropic patterns exceeded the tensile strength and strain properties of a human aorta. Specifically, a tensile strength of 2.15 ± 0.15 MPa and strain at breaking of 3.18 ± 0.05 mm/mm were measured in the study; the human aorta is considered to have tensile strength and strain at breaking of 2.0–3.0 MPa and 2.0–2.3 mm/mm, respectively. These findings indicate the potential for developing more representative aortic phantoms based on the approach in this study.

scholarly journals Microstructural Characterization of Laser Weld of Hot-Stamped Al-Si Coated 22MnB5 and Modification of Weld Properties by Hybrid Welding

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3943
Author(s):  
Hana Šebestová ◽  
Petr Horník ◽  
Šárka Mikmeková ◽  
Libor Mrňa ◽  
Pavel Doležal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Fusion Zone ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Laser Weld ◽  
Martensitic Microstructure ◽  
Laser Welds ◽  
Weld Properties ◽  
Weld Fusion Zone

The presence of Al-Si coating on 22MnB5 leads to the formation of large ferritic bands in the dominantly martensitic microstructure of butt laser welds. Rapid cooling of laser weld metal is responsible for insufficient diffusion of coating elements into the steel and incomplete homogenization of weld fusion zone. The Al-rich regions promote the formation of ferritic solid solution. Soft ferritic bands cause weld joint weakening. Laser welds reached only 64% of base metal's ultimate tensile strength, and they always fractured in the fusion zone during the tensile tests. We implemented hybrid laser-TIG welding technology to reduce weld cooling rate by the addition of heat of the arc. The effect of arc current on weld microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated. Thanks to the slower cooling, the large ferritic bands were eliminated. The hybrid welds reached greater ultimate tensile strength compared to laser welds. The location of the fracture moved from the fusion zone to a tempered heat-affected zone characterized by a drop in microhardness. The minimum of microhardness was independent of heat input in this region.

Using Embossing to Create a Fiber Reinforced Honeycomb Composite

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Hydraulic Testing ◽  
Charpy Impact Toughness ◽  
Bend Tests

This research project used hot embossing to create a strong and tough polymeric based composite structure. A honeycomb type structure was created by pressing small grooves into thin polycarbonate sheets. A trapezoidal die was used to create hexagonal shaped channels in the polymeric sheet. A number of these sheets were then bonded together to form a composite material. Carbon fibers were embedded into the channels in some of the laminates. The embossing process was carried out at an elevated temperature in an environmental chamber attached to an MTS servo hydraulic testing machine. The grooved structure had a 31% to 45% decrease in the apparent density compared to the ungrooved specimens. Bend tests, tensile tests, and Charpy impact tests were performed on laminates made from this material. The specific values of tensile strength, flexural modulus, and Charpy impact toughness were increased. A small percentage of fibers significantly increased both the stiffness and strength of the laminate.

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