Gelatinization Technique Applied to the Processing of Porous Clay Bodies

2018 ◽  
Vol 930 ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Ana Gabriele Storion ◽  
Maria Gabriela Nogueira Campos ◽  
Neide Aparecida Mariano ◽  
Walter Aparecido Mariano ◽  
Sylma Carvalho Maestrelli
Keyword(s):  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Processing Route ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Cold Forming

Conventional processes for manufacturing porous ceramic sometimes provide bodies with low mechanical strength in addition to the high complexity or cost. This work proposes a new porous ceramic processing route: gelatinization, using as raw material clay with low plasticity, water and gelatin. The characterization of the clay was carried out and specimens of various compositions were produced by varying clay content (40, 50, 55 and 60% of solids) and keeping the water and gelatin content constant in the formulation. After cold forming the samples were fired under various conditions: initial temperature of 300 or 600 °C; maximum firing temperature of 800, 900, 1000, 1100 or 1350 °C. After firing, it was obtained the values of the water absorption, bulk density, apparent porosity, linear shrinkage and mechanical resistance. The best results were for samples fired in temperatures lower than 1100 °C and 50% and 55 % of solid content.

scholarly journals Production of eco-sustainable insulating panels by recovering wood waste: fabrication and preliminary experimental characterization of thermal and acoustic properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 08021
Author(s):  
Francesca Merli ◽  
Elisa Belloni ◽  
Cinzia Buratti
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Local Window ◽  
Insulation Performance

The work was developed in the ReScaLe FiAer project framework, funded by the Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Perugia. It is focused on the identification and collection of multiple high quality wood waste from a local window manufacturer. Three types of wood were available, from different tree species (pine, oak, and mahogany) and sizes (pieces of wood, mixed coarse chips, and mixed fine chips). Preliminary analyses were performed in order to evaluate the properties of the raw material. For each type of wood, eco-sustainable panels (300x300 mm2) were assembled by gluing. Multiple tests were carried out in order to identify the optimal mixtures and to ensure a good mechanical resistance with the minimum adhesive use. Panels were assembled by using vinyl glue, easily available and cheap, and flour glue, with a lower environmental impact and safe for people’s health. The thermal conductivity of the panels was measured by means of the Small Hot Box experimental apparatus: it varies in the 0.071-0.084 W/mK range, at an average temperature of 10°C, depending on the tree species and regardless of the type of adhesive used. Furthermore, 100-mm diameter cylindrical samples with two different thicknesses for each type of wood and glue were fabricated, in order to investigate their acoustic behaviour in an impedance tube. The use of flour glue improves the sound absorption and insulation performance of the samples.

Fabrication and Characterization of Porous Ceramic Panel Using Recycled Glass Powder

2006 ◽  
Vol 510-511 ◽  
pp. 642-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Yeoung Lim ◽  
Y.M. Park ◽  
Jong Hee Hwang ◽  
Chang Yeoul Kim ◽  
Cheol Y. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Glass Powder ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Glass Structure ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Recycled Glass ◽  
Thermal Insulator ◽  
Fabrication And Characterization ◽  
Pore Cell

The porous ceramic panel using glass powder as a main raw material can be applied for the thermal insulator in architecture and industry since it is noncombustible and chemically stable as well as eco-friendly unlike the organic thermal insulators. For the study of fabrication and characterization of this material, we used grinded glass powder with grain size smaller than 150, and Calcium carbonate(CaCO3) and Calcium phosphate(Ca3(PO4)2, CaHPO4·2H2O) as foaming agent. The shape and size of pore cell in porous glass structure with the change of additives and sintering temperature were studied. The physical properties as like density, thermal conductivity and compressive strength of materials are also studied. It was possible to make a porous ceramic panel with multi-layered which has the form of sandwich with layer of low density and high density in one body by adjusting the foaming characteristics.

scholarly journals Manufacture and Characterization of Fired Bricks from Gold Mine Waste Rocks

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 695
Author(s):  
Azzeddine Benahsina ◽  
Yassine Taha ◽  
Rachida Bouachera ◽  
Mohamed Elomari ◽  
Mohammed Abdouh Bennouna
Keyword(s):  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
Substitution Effect ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Gold Mine ◽  
Fired Bricks ◽  
Waste Rocks

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the possibility of using gold mine waste rocks (GMWRs) as alternative raw material for the manufacturing of fired bricks. The feasibility study was assessed through (i) physical, chemical, mineralogical and environmental characteristics of GMWRs; (ii) determination of the natural clay (NC) substitution effect when using GMWRs; (iii) the effect of the firing temperature on the mechanical and physical properties of the fired bricks. Five mixtures of NC and GMWRs were studied. The percentages of substitution of NC with GMWRs varied from 0 to 100%. The brick specimens were fired at 900 °C, 1000 °C and 1050 °C. The results show that increasing the firing temperature improved the flexural strength and density of the bricks, while the substitution of NC with GMWRs caused a reduction in the mechanical resistance of the bricks and an increase in their porosity and, consequently, their water absorption rate. However, the properties of bricks that contained up to 80 wt% of GMWRs and fired at 1000 °C and 1050 °C satisfied the requirements set by the applicable civil engineering and environmental standards. This was found to be an efficient and sustainable solution to mitigate environmental hazards and better manage mining wastes, concurrently producing marketable products from them, which is in accordance with the circular economy concept.

Characterization of the City of Red Clay Apodi-RN

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 837-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flanelson M. Monteiro ◽  
Tércio G. Machado ◽  
José Sousa ◽  
Eiji Harima ◽  
Samara M. Valcacer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Industry ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Great Economic Importance ◽  
The City

Ceramic products made from red clay to move the economy of Rio Grande do Norte. Among the most common ones are outstanding bricks, tiles and slabs in different sizes and shapes. In perspective to seek products with good quality in the ceramic industry, the characterization of the raw material is essential for obtaining an excite end product. The municipality of Apodi located in the Upper West Rio Grande do Norte has the ceramic industry as a sector of great economic importance in the site. However the absence of technology for characterization of the clays found in the region is the major problem for local entrepreneurs. The objective this study is to characterize the red clay one of the ceramics used by the municipality of Apodi-RN. The procedure will be done through the testing of Plasticity, Liquidity, linear shrinkage, absorption water, porosity, XRD and EDX.

scholarly journals Technological characterization of a clay used in the manufacture of masonry products for construction

Respuestas ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Teresa Crespo-Guerra ◽  
Ricardo Andrés García-León ◽  
Nelson Afanador-García
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Cooking Process ◽  
Minimum Requirements

In the present investigation, the physical, mechanical, and chemical characterization of the raw material used in two companies dedicated to the manufacture of solid bricks in the region of Cesar, Colombia, was carried out. Initially, the hydrometric test was performed on five clay samples from different quarries with which the percentages of sand, silt, and clays were determined. These percentages were placed in the Winkler diagram to identify the types of existing clays according to their texture and the types of products that can be manufactured. Subsequently, the chemical characterization was carried out through the X-ray diffraction and fluorescence tests, to determine the phases and elements present in two of the optimal samples for the manufacture of the bricks that may arise during the cooking process. The results of the test of mechanical resistance to compression in solid brick units showed that the clays currently used by the company do not meet the minimum requirements for the production of solid clay bricks, according to the parameters of the Colombian technical standard NTC 4205-09. With this research, we expect to predict the behavior of the raw material in the stages of the production process, which will obviously improve the environmental and economic resources of the companies. The result of the characterization of the raw material will allow us to predict the structural behavior and to carry out indispensable design and reinforcement models in building and attention to the community.

scholarly journals Characterization of clay deposit in the central region of Piauí for use in the ceramic industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelson Silva de Almeida ◽  
Roberto Arruda Lima Soares ◽  
José Milton Elias de Matos
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
The State ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Clay Deposit ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Clay Ceramics ◽  
Ceramics Industry

ABSTRACT The clay ceramics industry comprises materials used in construction (bricks, tiles, and expanded clay, among others), is of great importance for Brazilian economic development, and the industry is seeking new sources of raw material, mainly clay. The present work aims to characterize a clay deposit located in the central region of the state of Piauí, to make feasible its use as ceramic raw material, seeking to boost the clay ceramics industry. The chemical composition, the crystalline phases, and the plasticity of the clay were analyzed. Specimens were prepared by uniaxial pressing, dried in an oven at 110 °C, and then heated to 900 °C, 1000 °C, and 1100 °C. Bending strength, apparent porosity, linear shrinkage, water absorption, and mineralogical, macrostructural, and microstructural analyses were determined. The results showed an improvement in the indices with the increase in the firing temperature and that the samples showed a reddish coloration due to the presence of iron, as well as quartz and kaolinite. Thus, the clay deposit has the potential to become raw material for the clay ceramics industry in the state of Piauí.

scholarly journals Rheological Characterization of a Concentrated Phosphate Slurry

Fluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Souhail Maazioui ◽  
Abderrahim Maazouz ◽  
Fayssal Benkhaldoun ◽  
Driss Ouazar ◽  
Khalid Lamnawar
Keyword(s):  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Rheological Characterization ◽  
Phosphate Ore ◽  
Insoluble Particles ◽  
Experimental Protocols ◽  
Solid Liquid

Phosphate ore slurry is a suspension of insoluble particles of phosphate rock, the primary raw material for fertilizer and phosphoric acid, in a continuous phase of water. This suspension has a non-Newtonian flow behavior and exhibits yield stress as the shear rate tends toward zero. The suspended particles in the present study were assumed to be noncolloidal. Various grades and phosphate ore concentrations were chosen for this rheological investigation. We created some experimental protocols to determine the main characteristics of these complex fluids and established relevant rheological models with a view to simulate the numerical flow in a cylindrical pipeline. Rheograms of these slurries were obtained using a rotational rheometer and were accurately modeled with commonly used yield-pseudoplastic models. The results show that the concentration of solids in a solid–liquid mixture could be increased while maintaining a desired apparent viscosity. Finally, the design equations for the laminar pipe flow of yield pseudoplastics were investigated to highlight the role of rheological studies in this context.

scholarly journals A Methodology Based on FT-IR Data Combined with Random Forest Model to Generate Spectralprints for the Characterization of High-Quality Vinegars

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1411
Author(s):  
José Luis P. Calle ◽  
Marta Ferreiro-González ◽  
Ana Ruiz-Rodríguez ◽  
Gerardo F. Barbero ◽  
José Á. Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Protected Designation Of Origin ◽  
Ft Ir

Sherry wine vinegar is a Spanish gourmet product under Protected Designation of Origin (PDO). Before a vinegar can be labeled as Sherry vinegar, the product must meet certain requirements as established by its PDO, which, in this case, means that it has been produced following the traditional solera and criadera ageing system. The quality of the vinegar is determined by many factors such as the raw material, the acetification process or the aging system. For this reason, mainly producers, but also consumers, would benefit from the employment of effective analytical tools that allow precisely determining the origin and quality of vinegar. In the present study, a total of 48 Sherry vinegar samples manufactured from three different starting wines (Palomino Fino, Moscatel, and Pedro Ximénez wine) were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The spectroscopic data were combined with unsupervised exploratory techniques such as hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), as well as other nonparametric supervised techniques, namely, support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF), for the characterization of the samples. The HCA and PCA results present a clear grouping trend of the vinegar samples according to their raw materials. SVM in combination with leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) successfully classified 100% of the samples, according to the type of wine used for their production. The RF method allowed selecting the most important variables to develop the characteristic fingerprint (“spectralprint”) of the vinegar samples according to their starting wine. Furthermore, the RF model reached 100% accuracy for both LOOCV and out-of-bag (OOB) sets.

Bark characterization of a commercial Eucalyptus urophylla hybrid clone in view of its potential use as a biorefinery raw material

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline J. Sartori ◽  
Graciene S. Mota ◽  
Fábio Akira Mori ◽  
Isabel Miranda ◽  
Teresa Quilhó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Hybrid Clone ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Potential Use

Preparation and characterization of tannin-based adhesives reinforced with cellulose nanofibrils for wood bonding

Holzforschung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uasmim Lira Zidanes ◽  
Matheus Cordazzo Dias ◽  
Mário Sérgio Lorenço ◽  
Elesandra da Silva Araujo ◽  
Maryella Júnnia Ferreira e Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Glue Line ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analyses ◽  
Humidity Resistance ◽  
Wood Bonding ◽  
Toona Ciliata ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
The One

AbstractAdhesives based on vegetable tannins are already a reality in the market. However, their use is still limited due to their low mechanical resistance and weak humidity resistance. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are being used as reinforcing materials in various composites, resulting in an improvement of mechanical proprieties in general. The objective of this work was to evaluate the incorporation of CNFs in adhesives made of tannins obtained from the Angico tree (Anadenanthera peregrine). Concentrations of nanofibrils at 1, 5, and 10% were added to the adhesives on a dry basis. Tests of viscosity, pH, solids content, and gel time were performed to determine the physical proprieties of the adhesives. The Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and Raman spectra measurements were also determined to understand the interaction between tannins and CNFs. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) were carried out to determine the thermal resistance of the composite. The FTIR and Raman characterization identified some differences in the peaks in the chemical composition of the adhesives with different percentages of CNFs. The adhesives showed no different decomposition in the thermogravimetric analyses. The shear strength in the glue line of the adhesive with 5% of CNFs in Toona ciliata woods was determined. Among all the adhesives analyzed, the one with 5% of CNFs produced an improvement in the mechanical resistance and humidity resistance on the glue line.

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