scholarly journals Production of eco-sustainable insulating panels by recovering wood waste: fabrication and preliminary experimental characterization of thermal and acoustic properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 08021
Author(s):  
Francesca Merli ◽  
Elisa Belloni ◽  
Cinzia Buratti
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Local Window ◽  
Insulation Performance

The work was developed in the ReScaLe FiAer project framework, funded by the Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Perugia. It is focused on the identification and collection of multiple high quality wood waste from a local window manufacturer. Three types of wood were available, from different tree species (pine, oak, and mahogany) and sizes (pieces of wood, mixed coarse chips, and mixed fine chips). Preliminary analyses were performed in order to evaluate the properties of the raw material. For each type of wood, eco-sustainable panels (300x300 mm2) were assembled by gluing. Multiple tests were carried out in order to identify the optimal mixtures and to ensure a good mechanical resistance with the minimum adhesive use. Panels were assembled by using vinyl glue, easily available and cheap, and flour glue, with a lower environmental impact and safe for people’s health. The thermal conductivity of the panels was measured by means of the Small Hot Box experimental apparatus: it varies in the 0.071-0.084 W/mK range, at an average temperature of 10°C, depending on the tree species and regardless of the type of adhesive used. Furthermore, 100-mm diameter cylindrical samples with two different thicknesses for each type of wood and glue were fabricated, in order to investigate their acoustic behaviour in an impedance tube. The use of flour glue improves the sound absorption and insulation performance of the samples.

scholarly journals Exploitation of Wood Waste of Pinus spp for Briquette Production: A Case Study in the Community of San Francisco Pichátaro, Michoacán, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2933 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Morales-Máximo ◽  
V.M. Ruíz-García ◽  
L. B. López-Sosa ◽  
J. G. Rutiaga-Quiñones
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Western Mexico ◽  
Pinus Spp ◽  
Solid Type

This study describes the exploitation of wood waste (Pinus spp.) in the form of sawdust and shavings generated during the production of furniture and artisanal items in a community in the state of Michoacán, western Mexico. A process is described to densifying this raw material, to produce solid-type biofuel briquettes that can be used to satisfy the need to generate low-power heat for residential sectors. Briquette production involved six stages: (a) gathering samples of sawdust and shavings from artisanal workshops in the community; (b) proximal characterization of the samples; (c) elaborating the briquettes; (d) physicochemical characterization of the briquettes; (e) evaluation of the physical-thermal combustion of the briquettes; and (f) an economic evaluation of briquette production to determine viability. Finally, we performed a comparative analysis of the energy, economic, and environmental indicators of the briquettes produced and conventional pine and oak firewood (Pinus spp., Quercus spp.) in the study community. The results show the viability of using biomass residues to make briquettes, which are efficient, economic and easy to make and use.

Gelatinization Technique Applied to the Processing of Porous Clay Bodies

2018 ◽  
Vol 930 ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Ana Gabriele Storion ◽  
Maria Gabriela Nogueira Campos ◽  
Neide Aparecida Mariano ◽  
Walter Aparecido Mariano ◽  
Sylma Carvalho Maestrelli
Keyword(s):  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Processing Route ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Cold Forming

Conventional processes for manufacturing porous ceramic sometimes provide bodies with low mechanical strength in addition to the high complexity or cost. This work proposes a new porous ceramic processing route: gelatinization, using as raw material clay with low plasticity, water and gelatin. The characterization of the clay was carried out and specimens of various compositions were produced by varying clay content (40, 50, 55 and 60% of solids) and keeping the water and gelatin content constant in the formulation. After cold forming the samples were fired under various conditions: initial temperature of 300 or 600 °C; maximum firing temperature of 800, 900, 1000, 1100 or 1350 °C. After firing, it was obtained the values of the water absorption, bulk density, apparent porosity, linear shrinkage and mechanical resistance. The best results were for samples fired in temperatures lower than 1100 °C and 50% and 55 % of solid content.

scholarly journals Manufacture and Characterization of Fired Bricks from Gold Mine Waste Rocks

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 695
Author(s):  
Azzeddine Benahsina ◽  
Yassine Taha ◽  
Rachida Bouachera ◽  
Mohamed Elomari ◽  
Mohammed Abdouh Bennouna
Keyword(s):  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
Substitution Effect ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Gold Mine ◽  
Fired Bricks ◽  
Waste Rocks

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the possibility of using gold mine waste rocks (GMWRs) as alternative raw material for the manufacturing of fired bricks. The feasibility study was assessed through (i) physical, chemical, mineralogical and environmental characteristics of GMWRs; (ii) determination of the natural clay (NC) substitution effect when using GMWRs; (iii) the effect of the firing temperature on the mechanical and physical properties of the fired bricks. Five mixtures of NC and GMWRs were studied. The percentages of substitution of NC with GMWRs varied from 0 to 100%. The brick specimens were fired at 900 °C, 1000 °C and 1050 °C. The results show that increasing the firing temperature improved the flexural strength and density of the bricks, while the substitution of NC with GMWRs caused a reduction in the mechanical resistance of the bricks and an increase in their porosity and, consequently, their water absorption rate. However, the properties of bricks that contained up to 80 wt% of GMWRs and fired at 1000 °C and 1050 °C satisfied the requirements set by the applicable civil engineering and environmental standards. This was found to be an efficient and sustainable solution to mitigate environmental hazards and better manage mining wastes, concurrently producing marketable products from them, which is in accordance with the circular economy concept.

Preparation and Characterization of Nanometer Gallium Nitride by Gas-Solid Reaction

2015 ◽  
Vol 1118 ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Kai Ji He ◽  
Shu Cai Wang ◽  
Kai Ming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gallium Nitride ◽  
Solution Method ◽  
Ammonia Solution ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Phase Precipitation ◽  
Solid Reaction ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Experimental Apparatus

Firstly, nano Gallium oxide(Ga2O3), as raw material of nano Gallium nitride(GaN), was prepared by special liquid-phase precipitation method. Subsequently，nano GaN powder was prepared by ammonia solution method through self-made experimental apparatus，and characterized by XRD and TEM methods. By controlling reaction temperature, reaction time and nitrogen flow，optimum parameters were determined to prepare nano GaN powder. Result shows that nano GaN powder, which is high purity and small particle, Can be prepared at 1000°C~1200°C holding above 2h and 100L/h flow

scholarly journals Technological characterization of a clay used in the manufacture of masonry products for construction

Respuestas ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Teresa Crespo-Guerra ◽  
Ricardo Andrés García-León ◽  
Nelson Afanador-García
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Cooking Process ◽  
Minimum Requirements

In the present investigation, the physical, mechanical, and chemical characterization of the raw material used in two companies dedicated to the manufacture of solid bricks in the region of Cesar, Colombia, was carried out. Initially, the hydrometric test was performed on five clay samples from different quarries with which the percentages of sand, silt, and clays were determined. These percentages were placed in the Winkler diagram to identify the types of existing clays according to their texture and the types of products that can be manufactured. Subsequently, the chemical characterization was carried out through the X-ray diffraction and fluorescence tests, to determine the phases and elements present in two of the optimal samples for the manufacture of the bricks that may arise during the cooking process. The results of the test of mechanical resistance to compression in solid brick units showed that the clays currently used by the company do not meet the minimum requirements for the production of solid clay bricks, according to the parameters of the Colombian technical standard NTC 4205-09. With this research, we expect to predict the behavior of the raw material in the stages of the production process, which will obviously improve the environmental and economic resources of the companies. The result of the characterization of the raw material will allow us to predict the structural behavior and to carry out indispensable design and reinforcement models in building and attention to the community.

scholarly journals Eco-Sustainable Wood Waste Panels for Building Applications: Influence of Different Species and Assembling Techniques on Thermal, Acoustic, and Environmental Performance

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
Francesca Merli ◽  
Elisa Belloni ◽  
Cinzia Buratti
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Iso 14040 ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Thermal Insulating ◽  
Assembly Technique

Multiple high quality wood waste from a window manufacturer is identified and collected. Eco-sustainable panels, with promising acoustic and thermal insulating performance, were then fabricated. The available wood is of different tree species (pine, oak, and mahogany) and size (pieces of wood, mixed coarse chips, and mixed fine chips). Moreover, scraps of olive tree pruning from local areas were collected for reuse. The aim of the research is to assembly panels (300 × 300 mm2) both with different techniques (hand-made and hot-pressed) and type of adhesive (vinyl and flour glues) and to evaluate their thermal, acoustic, and environmental performance. All the panels present thermal and acoustic performance comparable with the similar ones available in the literature or with commercial solutions. The thermal conductivity varies in the 0.071 to 0.084 W/mK range at an average temperature of 10 °C, depending on the tree species, the assembly technique, and regardless of the type of adhesive used. Oak wood panels are characterized by both better sound absorption (α peak value of 0.9, similar to pine pressed sample with flour glue) and insulation (transmission loss up to 11 dB at 1700 Hz) properties. However, their added value is the low environmental impact assessed through life cycle analysis in compliance with ISO 14040, especially for panels assembled with natural glue.

Characterization of Different Types of Biomass Wastes Using Thermogravimetric and ICP-MS Analyses

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 4594-4600
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Biomass Ash ◽  
Minor Elements ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Different Types

The purpose of this study was to characterize some types of biomass wastes resulted from different activities such as: agriculture, forestry and food industry using thermogravimetric and ICP-MS analyses. Also, it was optimized an ICP-MS method for the determination of As, Cd and Pb from biomass ash samples. The ICP-MS analysis revealed that the highest concentration of metals (As, Cd, Pb) was recorded in the wood waste ash sample, also the thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the highest amount of ash was obtained for the same sample (26.82%). The biomass wastes mentioned in this study are alternative recyclable materials, reusable as pellets and briquettes. Keywords: ash, biomass, ICP-MS, minor elements, TG

scholarly journals Rheological Characterization of a Concentrated Phosphate Slurry

Fluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Souhail Maazioui ◽  
Abderrahim Maazouz ◽  
Fayssal Benkhaldoun ◽  
Driss Ouazar ◽  
Khalid Lamnawar
Keyword(s):  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Rheological Characterization ◽  
Phosphate Ore ◽  
Insoluble Particles ◽  
Experimental Protocols ◽  
Solid Liquid

Phosphate ore slurry is a suspension of insoluble particles of phosphate rock, the primary raw material for fertilizer and phosphoric acid, in a continuous phase of water. This suspension has a non-Newtonian flow behavior and exhibits yield stress as the shear rate tends toward zero. The suspended particles in the present study were assumed to be noncolloidal. Various grades and phosphate ore concentrations were chosen for this rheological investigation. We created some experimental protocols to determine the main characteristics of these complex fluids and established relevant rheological models with a view to simulate the numerical flow in a cylindrical pipeline. Rheograms of these slurries were obtained using a rotational rheometer and were accurately modeled with commonly used yield-pseudoplastic models. The results show that the concentration of solids in a solid–liquid mixture could be increased while maintaining a desired apparent viscosity. Finally, the design equations for the laminar pipe flow of yield pseudoplastics were investigated to highlight the role of rheological studies in this context.

scholarly journals A Methodology Based on FT-IR Data Combined with Random Forest Model to Generate Spectralprints for the Characterization of High-Quality Vinegars

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1411
Author(s):  
José Luis P. Calle ◽  
Marta Ferreiro-González ◽  
Ana Ruiz-Rodríguez ◽  
Gerardo F. Barbero ◽  
José Á. Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Protected Designation Of Origin ◽  
Ft Ir

Sherry wine vinegar is a Spanish gourmet product under Protected Designation of Origin (PDO). Before a vinegar can be labeled as Sherry vinegar, the product must meet certain requirements as established by its PDO, which, in this case, means that it has been produced following the traditional solera and criadera ageing system. The quality of the vinegar is determined by many factors such as the raw material, the acetification process or the aging system. For this reason, mainly producers, but also consumers, would benefit from the employment of effective analytical tools that allow precisely determining the origin and quality of vinegar. In the present study, a total of 48 Sherry vinegar samples manufactured from three different starting wines (Palomino Fino, Moscatel, and Pedro Ximénez wine) were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The spectroscopic data were combined with unsupervised exploratory techniques such as hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), as well as other nonparametric supervised techniques, namely, support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF), for the characterization of the samples. The HCA and PCA results present a clear grouping trend of the vinegar samples according to their raw materials. SVM in combination with leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) successfully classified 100% of the samples, according to the type of wine used for their production. The RF method allowed selecting the most important variables to develop the characteristic fingerprint (“spectralprint”) of the vinegar samples according to their starting wine. Furthermore, the RF model reached 100% accuracy for both LOOCV and out-of-bag (OOB) sets.

Bark characterization of a commercial Eucalyptus urophylla hybrid clone in view of its potential use as a biorefinery raw material

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline J. Sartori ◽  
Graciene S. Mota ◽  
Fábio Akira Mori ◽  
Isabel Miranda ◽  
Teresa Quilhó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Hybrid Clone ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Potential Use
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